How to plant potted cherry trees? 1. Variety selection: Cherry is a cross-pollinated fruit tree. In the process of potted cherry trees, attention should be paid to variety collocation, and each pot should be grafted with 2? All three varieties are suitable. Cherry varieties with large fruit, bright color and strong continuous fruiting ability should be selected for the upper basin cherry.
2. Cherry pot: container selection: the container should match the size of cherry seedlings. 1 ~ 2-year-old cherry seedlings should be selected in containers with a diameter of 25 ~ 30cm. The container has good air permeability and no toxic effect on root system. Practice has proved that vegetarian cooking pots and wooden barrels have the best effect; Purple sand basin and plastic basin are the second; The one containing enamel is the worst and has the lowest survival rate. Preparation of nutrient soil: Cherry root system has strong respiration and high oxygen consumption. Soil permeability should be high. Nutrient soil configuration: peat soil: manure: sand =5∶3∶2. Selection of seedlings: robust growth, full branches and buds, developed roots and no pests and diseases. Small perennial trees require short stems, reasonable branch distribution and large thinning degree between branches. Potting: In early spring, before potting, the damaged roots and branches should be pruned to expose new stubble; Cut off the parts with pests and diseases. Secondly, check the drain hole of the container to keep the container drained smoothly. Pot filling method: Invert a tile on the drain hole, then spread 20cm furnace ash slag, fill with nutrient soil, and finally put the seedlings. After 2 ~ 3 times of raising seedlings and pressing soil, the soil surface is about 5 cm away from the mouth of the container.
3. Fertilizer and water management: Fertilizer and water in potted plants are the most difficult to master. Physiological activities such as cherry growth, flowering and fruiting all depend on daily fertilizer and water management. Fertilize cherries with water and apply less; See dry and wet; It's full, it's leaking. In spring, cherry trees that have not yet borne fruit apply a small amount of PBO in the container. Fertilize frequently before July to promote the growth of trees. Commonly used fertilizers are cake fertilizer, livestock hoof horn, sesame sauce residue, yogurt, rice washing water, broken bone chips and so on. It is best to soak them until they are fermented and apply them as fertilizer solutions. Apply 1 0 ~15 days/times of organic fertilizer water. After August, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added into the organic fertilizer water; For cherry trees entering the fruiting period, urea 1 time was applied before and after flowering, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were added to the fertilizer water; In September, 50g of potassium sulfate was applied at one time. Irrigate/kloc-0 times a day in summer, and often spray some water on the leaves to cool and clean the trees. Irrigation times should be less in spring and autumn. There is basically no watering in winter. The best irrigation amount is to drop a little water from the bottom of the container. Preparation of organic fertilizer water: Soak soybean meal in clear water according to the ratio of 1: 5, then ferment for 5 ~ 10d, and then add 10 times of water for dilution.
4. Flower and fruit management: The focus of flower and fruit management is thinning flowers and fruits. Bud thinning is stronger than flower thinning, and flower thinning is stronger than fruit thinning. There are a large number of flower buds in the tree, and some flower buds are thinned out in bud stage. Operation method: Sparse 1/3 ~ 1/4 flower buds on the bearing branches of flowers. During flowering, cross-species pollination should be done well. When the cherry grows to the size of soybean, the fruit with abnormal shape is thinned out.
5. Trimming: The terminal buds of cherry and the central buds of flower clusters are leaf buds. Flower buds are pure flower buds, mainly axillary buds and bouquets. Axillary buds are inserted at the base of 1 annual branches. Pay attention to the position of flower buds when pruning. Pruning is mainly in summer, supplemented by pruning in winter. Winter pruning: mainly to adjust the tree type and balance the tree potential. Mainly remove competitive branches, upper branches, strong branches and slender branches. The extended branch becomes shorter, causing the branch to retract. Summer pruning: mainly to maintain the tree shape, promote flowers and protect fruits. Cut off the competing branches and back branches. Pick the core when the branch grows to 15 ~ 20 cm. Generally completed before July, 1 year is no more than twice. Around September, when the branches have just reached the peak, flatten them.
6. Pest control: cherry perforation disease, the spots with large primary needles on the leaf surface gradually expand into round brown spots, and the diseased part produces grayish brown mildew, which dries and shrinks, and the periphery delaminates, often falling off into brown perforations with irregular edges. After flowering, 70% mancozeb was sprayed with 500-fold solution every 7 ~ 10d/time for 3 ~ 4 times continuously. Tetranychus urticae: It feeds on the back of the host leaves, pierces cells and sucks juice. The damaged leaves first appear pale spots from both sides of the main vein near the petiole, and can turn gray and dark brown with the aggravation of the damage. Spraying avermectin 3000 ~ 4000 times in the growing season.
7. Overwintering technology: Cherry is prone to stripes during overwintering. The main reason is that the underground root system is short of water supply in winter, so it is necessary to irrigate and cover the ground before overwintering to reduce water evaporation. Measures such as early pruning of fruit tree branches, spraying anti-transpiration oil emulsion and wrapping the branches with film are also effective.
Potted cherry trees 1 planting precautions. Variety selection and pollination tree configuration As a potted fruit tree, sweet cherry series should be selected because of its lush foliage and attractive fruit color. A good variety is red? Big purple? , yellow? Na Weng? And then what? Jujube wind? 、? Red? By analogy, varieties with different fruit colors or maturity can be selected at the same time to pollinate each other and prolong the fruit harvest period. If it is not convenient to configure pollination trees, pollination branches can be grafted on the fruit trees.
2. Choosing basin soil, sandy loam is generally suitable. Early thawing in spring and early sap flow of cherry trees make the planting time in spring earlier than other fruit trees. Generally, when the temperature is stable above-1.5 ~-2.5℃, it can be planted. When planting, the topsoil and subsoil are placed on both sides, filled with nitrogen and phosphorus mixed organic fertilizer (100g urea and 250g calcium superphosphate), and then covered with 10cm topsoil. Put the cherry seedlings in the middle and fill the remaining topsoil before filling the core soil. Then water, and bury the soil slightly higher than the basin surface 1 ~ 2 cm after underwater infiltration.
3. The pruning should be done in a sparse tree shape, and the central trunk of 6 ~ 7 main branches should be reserved. Shaping process: 1 spring, the stem height is 60 ~ 80 cm, and 3 ~ 4 main branches and central stems are selected in 1 layer in the second and third years. In the third and fourth years, two main branches and 1 lateral branches in the second layer were selected, and branches were cut at the full bud of each main branch and lateral branch every year to promote the growth of elongated branches and expand the crown. Sweet cherry branches germinate vigorously, the crown is easy to close, and indoor ventilation and light transmission are unfavorable. Therefore, when pruning, the dense branches and long branches should be sparse, and the young trees should be lightly cut and lengthened. After entering the full fruit stage, the backbone branches are properly retracted, so that the lower parts grow vigorously, resulting in short and continuous bare branches renewal and rejuvenation.
4. Soil, fertilizer and water management: After planting the slow-growing seedlings in the upper pot, apply human excrement and urine for 2-3 times, with 0.5- 1 kg per plant each time. Fertilize 2 ~ 3 times a year in the second and third years. Apply 0.5 ~ 1 kg soil miscellaneous fertilizer in late autumn and early winter; In February and March of the following year, 0.5-1kg compound fertilizer was applied to each plant; Fruit trees are generally fertilized three times a year, that is, before flowering, after flowering and after fruit harvesting; Available nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used before and after flowering, and organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are mainly used after harvest.
5. Pest control The main pests that harm cherries are aphids, inchworms and fruit borers. These diseases include cherry peach brown rot and cherry tree cancer. To control aphids, inchworm and other pests, 10% cypermethrin 1500 ~ 2000 times solution can be used for crown spray control in adult stage. Spraying 50% methamidophos 1000 times solution on trees during adult stage can control it. The brown rot of cherry peach can be controlled by spraying 77% kocide wettable powder 500 times before flowering. The prevention and treatment of cherry tree cancer is to scrape off the cancer spots by hand and apply 843 rehabilitation agent.