Pruning of fruit trees is a complex technology, including fixed shaping, short cutting, sprouting, coring, branch picking, branch pulling, tip twisting, ring cutting, eye injury and other technologies. If you want to prune fruit trees well, you must understand the functions and principles of various pruning methods. Principles of pruning: pruning according to the shapes of trees and branches; The tree potential is balanced, and the master and slave are distinct; Combination of light and heavy, comprehensive arrangement. According to: 1, according to the growth and fruiting characteristics of fruit trees and varieties. 2. According to natural conditions and the needs of cultivation management. 3. According to the age and potential of the tree. 4. Based on pruning reaction. Top dominance, budding ability, vertical dominance and bud heterogeneity are the basis of pruning reaction.
The pruning period of fruit trees is 1. Winter pruning: the period from dormancy to sap flow after defoliation. This period is the best pruning period for deciduous fruit trees. Functions and tasks: Winter cutting trees have little nutrient loss, which can promote the cold resistance of trees and their branches and enrich the development of flower buds. The main pruning tasks are: comprehensively pruning each tree and coordinating the master-slave relationship; The ratio of fruiting branches to auxiliary branches; The arrangement of fruit branches, the coordination of the overall relationship between the top, bottom, interior and exterior of the tree. 2. Summer pruning: pruning of branches and leaves during the growth period after germination of fruit trees. Its measures include core removal, bud smearing, secondary branch removal, branch twisting, girdling, branch pulling and branch tying. The main tasks are: weakening the potential of branches and trees, improving landscape conditions, promoting the formation of flower buds, and taking artificial control measures for pests and diseases. 3. Pruning in autumn: After fruit picking and before defoliation, make decisive adjustments to the whole tree, cut off the big branches with prominent contradictions that affect the scenery, and promote the plumpness of flower buds. Pay special attention to the protective agent on the kerf to prevent the spread of germs.
Newly planted young trees should be fixed and shaped first, and good skeleton fruit should be cultivated, which will lay the foundation for high yield of fruit in the future. There are many kinds of trees, such as trunk, happy, spindle and cylinder. Which tree shape should be adopted depends on planting density, site conditions and tree species characteristics. Different trees should adopt different pruning methods.
Pruning young trees for long branches, upright branches on the back, overlapping branches and branches with excessive competition, thinning must be carried out. In order to bear fruit early, we should cut it lightly and plant it long, and don't let out a lot of branches after fruit endlessly. According to the performance of the fruit tree itself, it is necessary to retract in different degrees in a planned and purposeful way. To prevent the fruit part from moving outward and the color of the fruit in the inner chamber from deteriorating. With the expansion of the crown, the balance between growth and fruit, ventilation and light transmission between rows and crown should be considered. Carefully observe the pruning reaction of fruit trees during the annual growth period. For example, some trees have many branches and few fruits, which means that they are cut too hard and have too many heads, so that vegetative growth accounts for the main body. On the contrary, some trees have too few branches and too many fruits, indicating that pruning is too light and reproductive growth is the main thing.
Due to tree pruning, perennial branches planted on the back of main branches should be treated in time to prevent trees from growing on trees. For varieties with shorter fruiting branches, such as Yuan Shuai, before vegetative growth is transformed into reproductive growth, we should put fewer short branches, extend them uniaxially, and increase the opening angle of branches without bearing fruit, and pay attention to thinning branches when there are too many branches. It is forbidden to cut branches at the beginning. Annual trees with too many flower buds should pay attention to short cutting to promote growth. For young trees with few flower buds, we should do everything possible to keep the flower buds. For trees that are easy to form axillary flower buds, we should lightly cut the peripheral branches and lengthen them, so as to use axillary flower buds to bear fruit and improve the small annual output. Dwarf fuji trees tend to be strong at the bottom and weak at the top, and the trunk in the middle is often weak Therefore, it is necessary to trim the lower branches or auxiliary branches and strictly control the side branches of the door to ensure that the central trunk is absolutely dominant.