Current location - Plastic Surgery and Aesthetics Network - Plastic surgery and beauty - How to water potted grapes
How to water potted grapes
Question 1: Time and frequency of watering potted tree grapes. The simplest way to water all plants is to water them once when they are wet and dry, and then water them after they are dry, which is beneficial to root growth.

Question 2: How to grow potted grapes? What kind of soil do you want to use? Note the following points: 1. Potted grape planting method.

Basin soil requirements:

Potted grapes are suitable to grow in loose, fertile loam rich in organic matter and calcium, or they can be made from local materials according to local conditions, and the cultivation materials with wide sources, low cost, no pests and diseases and no pollution can be selected. Commonly used materials are humus soil, peat soil, pastoral soil, sand and gravel, bone meal, puffed chicken manure and so on. After selecting the pot soil, it is necessary to prepare the pot soil according to a certain proportion.

Potted soil preparation:

The commonly used formula includes 4 parts of humus soil, 3 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of coarse sand and 0.5 part of bone meal. 7 parts of pastoral soil, 2 parts of coarse sand (or slag), 0 part of expanded chicken manure/kloc-0, and 0.5 part of bone meal. After mixing the pot soil, spray it evenly with 0. 1% formalin solution (500ml per cubic pot soil). Then sealed with plastic film, fumigated for one day and night, peeled off the film, aired for 3-4 days, and then potted for later use.

Variety selection:

Grape varieties available for potted plants include Kyoho, Jingya, Jingchao, Yidoujin, Heiaolin, Jingyu, Fenghuang 5 1, Dilava, 861,86 12, Zizhenxiang and so on. But the longer the potted grapes, the better. If the growth is too vigorous, the narrow space of the flowerpot will not meet the demand of its vigorous growth, which will affect the results.

Go to the washbasin:

After the flowerpot is selected, it is best to soak it in 1% bleaching powder water for 5 minutes, take it out and dry it, and put it in sterilized culture soil. Seedlings for potted grapes can be directly cut with cuttings in flowerpots and cultivated into seedlings. When cutting, it is best to insert 2 cuttings in each pot for easy selection and retention, and always keep the pot soil moist.

Grape plants of 1-3 years old can also be transplanted with soil before germination. When transplanting, plant branches and vines should be pruned again. Generally, strong branches and vines of 1-3 are selected. In the year of transplanting, the key point is to restore the tree, cultivate the tree shape, lay a good foundation, and don't bear fruit first. This is a long maintenance process.

Carry out soil exchange:

After the plants grow in the pot for 1-2 years, the original container space can no longer meet the requirements of root growth and development, and the nutrients in the pot soil gradually decrease. Therefore, the container needs to be changed from small to large or the basin soil needs to be replaced. This work is generally carried out at the end of dormancy and before growth begins. When changing pots or soil, some dead roots should be cut off and watered immediately after changing, so as to facilitate the plant to resume growth.

Watering method:

When watering, the water temperature should be close to the soil temperature, and it should be watered before 10 in the morning and after 4 pm. The water quality is good, and the watering frequency depends on the season. Generally, the temperature is low in early spring, so it can be watered once every 2-3 days. With the increase of temperature, the evaporation increases, and water can be poured once every 1-2 days. After the temperature gradually decreases in autumn, the watering frequency gradually decreases, so it is appropriate to wet the basin soil.

Fertilization method:

During the growth of potted grapes, the principle of fertilization is to apply less frequently. Generally, the pot seedlings that have not yet borne fruit start from the height of about 20cm (that is, 6-7 leaves) and apply cake fertilizer every 7- 10 days until the end of September. In order to ensure the requirements of fruit development, it is best to apply 1 time every 5 days for potted grapes that have already borne fruit.

After the fruit is harvested, it should be applied according to the pot seedlings. Pay attention to watering immediately after applying liquid fertilizer every time. You can also spray 0. 1%-0.3% urea solution 2-3 times in the early growth stage of potted grapes for foliar fertilization. 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed 3-4 times every 7- 10 day from the fruit expansion stage.

Second, the potted grape planting matters needing attention:

In winter, overwintering management measures should be taken to prevent freezing injury and dryness of potted grapes. The following protective measures can be taken according to local conditions: after pruning potted grapes in winter, take off the pot holder, pour enough water, dig a ditch or dig a pit for burial, the burial depth can be 30-50 cm from the ground, or put it in a corridor or balcony to cover the winter. No matter where you put it, you should pay attention to check the soil in the basin and keep it moist. The appropriate temperature is 0-5℃.

Potted grapes have fewer pests and are more prone to diseases. Common diseases include downy mildew, white rot, anthracnose and black pox. Therefore, corresponding control measures should be taken during the growth of potted grapes. For example, if grapes are sprayed with 3-5% Baume mixture during dormancy, and then sprayed with 1 0-1times 1:0.5:200 times bordeaux solution or 500 times compound carbendazim solution every five days after germination, common diseases can be prevented. ...& gt& gt

Question 3: How to water potted summer black grapes? Spray more water at noon in hot weather.

Yes, but it needs to be transplanted into the original pot and cannot be scattered. Because of the high temperature in June, it is the fruit-bearing period of grapes. Try to catch up with the rainy day and transplant, and plant the soil balls in the original pot directly into the soil for watering. If it is not cloudy and sunny, and the transpiration is large, the ear must be pruned.

Question 4: How do grapes raised in flowerpots survive the winter? 1. Change the basin.

Grapes must be cultivated in pots after a certain period of time in order to improve the nutritional conditions of potted grapes in time. When changing pots, the pots must be soaked in 1% bleaching powder solution for 5 minutes, then washed with clear water and dried before use to reduce pests and diseases.

1. Time: Change pots from defoliation to germination.

2. Root cutting: take the grape plants out of the pot, remove the old pot soil on the plants, cut off or shorten some old roots and fibrous roots that are too curly along the pot wall, cut off the dead roots, and properly trim the excessively long roots. Pay attention to flat cutting when pruning roots, so as to restore the growth of roots. After pruning, plant the grape plants in the original flowerpot or a larger new flowerpot with new culture soil.

3. Topdressing: In order to ensure the vigorous growth of plants in the coming year, some fermented organic fertilizers, such as bean cake, chicken manure and sesame sauce residue, can be applied in conjunction with changing pots. Pay attention not to use too much fertilizer, and supplement fertilizer according to the standard of100g per grape. The base fertilizer used should not directly contact the root system of potted grapes.

4. Management: keep the basin soil moist, raise the temperature of the basin soil, and promote the root system to resume growth as soon as possible.

Second, shaping and pruning

Generally, it is carried out one week after the grapes fall naturally in winter. Cut off the cross branches, twigs and long branches first, and then trim the main branches. Generally speaking, each short branch should contain 1 ~ 2 buds, the middle branch contains 4 ~ 6 buds, and the long branch contains 8 ~ 10 buds. The potted grapes that have entered the fruiting stage are mainly pruned. When pruning, the pruning amount and method should be determined according to the variety and tree potential. When pruning, it is necessary to combine the pruning of short and medium tips, so that the vines of grapes are scattered on the shelves and the space is fully and evenly utilized. For grapes with large plants, more new vines, vigorous growth and full bud eyes or grape varieties with strong tree potential, short branches can be pruned mainly (that is, 2 ~ 4 buds are cut from the pruned branches), such as Kyoho, Fuji, Rose, Hongti and Dabao. For plants with weak growth or grape varieties with medium tree growth, pruning is the main method (that is, 4 ~ 6 buds are cut from the pruning tips), such as pink Taiji, longan, Elizabeth and other varieties.

Third, cold and heat preservation

1. cellar storage or indoor storage: it is best to put potted grapes in an underground vegetable cellar for the winter. The temperature of the vegetable cellar is generally 0℃ ~ 5℃, and the air is humid. It is very suitable for potted grapes to overwinter. It is more ideal to pile some soil or sand around the basin. In addition, potted grapes can also spend the winter indoors, but there can be no heating equipment indoors, so it is usually cold room. Because the room temperature with heating is high, it is easy to break the dormancy of grapes and cause grapes to germinate prematurely. However, if the grapes that germinate early continue to be placed indoors, the plants will often grow poorly due to insufficient light, and the branches will be thin and weak, only flowering without fruit. If you move outdoors, the temperature is still very low and easy to freeze, so potted grapes should not be put in a heated room for the winter. In short, potted grapes need to provide a relatively low temperature environment in winter to safely pass their normal dormancy period.

2. Plastic greenhouse storage: Potted grapes for production can be pruned and watered in a sunny plastic greenhouse in winter, but the plastic greenhouse must be covered with straw curtains and watered every 10 ~ 15 days, so as to keep the temperature at 0℃ ~ 5℃. Experience has proved that this method can ensure the safe overwintering of potted grapes.

Fourth, matters needing attention

1. Before storage, potted grapes should be pruned in winter to reduce water evaporation from branches and vines in winter. It needs watering 1 time to maintain the water requirement of weak root activity in winter. During the wintering period, except for potted grapes directly buried in the soil, 1 time must be checked every half month. If the soil in the basin is found to be dry, it should be watered in time, and the poured water should be put into the cylinder to dry for a period of time to avoid damaging the root system due to low water temperature.

2. The place where potted grapes are stored should be equipped with a thermometer and observed regularly. The temperature should be controlled between 0℃ and 5℃. If the temperature is too high or too low, measures should be taken in time to increase or decrease the cold-proof plastic film to avoid premature germination or freezing of grapes.

3. Don't put potted grapes near the heating, and be sure to prevent premature germination. If potted grapes are found to germinate prematurely, they should be moved to a lower temperature place immediately, and the water supply should be properly controlled to delay their germination and growth.

Question 5: How to plant potted grapes? What kind of soil do you want to use? What should I pay attention to? Management method of potted grapes: Grapes are often planted on sunny balconies, which is not only very beneficial to the growth of grapes, but also plays a role in beautifying and shading indoors. 1. Potted soil preparation: The soil for potted grapes requires loose nutrient soil with good ventilation and drainage and high humus content. 2. Proportion of nutrient soil: 40% of edible mushroom residue (leftover from mushroom production, flat shavings) or decomposed sawdust, 40% of humus soil or garden soil (decomposed soil such as vegetable leaves is also acceptable), 65,438+00% of mountain soil, and 65,438+00% of dry cake powder or chicken and duck manure, which are mixed in a unified kiln and decomposed in summer and autumn. 3. Every spring from late February to early March, change the soil, change 30% to 50% of the old soil, and cut off some old roots. According to the size of the pot, apply about 200 grams of dry cake powder to the bottom of the pot, mix well with the soil, then spread a layer of nutrient soil on it and plant the plants back into the pot. Finally, repair the scaffolding. Note: Be sure to change pots and soil every year. 4. Select the fruiting mother branch with the diameter of 1-2 cm and the length of 40-60 cm, pass the branch through the drainage hole at the bottom of the soil basin, tie the branch at the position below 2 cm, and then cover it with fertile and loose soil. The flowerpot is hung in the air with a bracket. Pay attention to watering frequently, keep the basin soil moist, and the girdling place will take root in about one month. After two months, half of the fruiting mother branches can be cut off outside the drainage hole of the flowerpot, and all the mother branches can be cut off when the fruit is ripe, so that the fruiting plants with 3-5 ears can be obtained. The biggest advantage of this layering propagation method is that as long as it is carried out in March-April, new fruiting plants can be cultivated. 5. Place the basin in the sunny place of the window sill, with sufficient sunshine for more than 8 hours every day and good ventilation, which can reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases: in June-July high temperature and high humidity season, in order to prevent the occurrence of diseases such as black pox, the grape ears can be bagged with white plastic bags, and the bag mouth can be tightly tied, and several small holes are tied at the bottom of the bag to allow it to breathe, which can not only prevent diseases, but also prevent bird damage, and the skin is tender and the fruit color is good. The pruning characteristics of potted grapes in June-August mainly include: bud setting, stone removal, grain thinning, vine removal and new shoots tying. Because potted grapes (or other containers) contain limited soil, they can't contain too much fertilizer and water. Summer Pruning of Horticultural Grapes: Summer Pruning of Horticultural Grapes mainly includes: budding, fixing branches, picking cores, secondary branch treatment, pruning inflorescences, thinning ears, removing vines, tying new shoots, picking ears and picking old leaves. Similar to Daejeon, even more detailed. In spring, after the grapes germinate, the buds and adventitious buds at the base should be erased as soon as possible, and the secondary buds in the double buds (double buds) and triple buds (triple buds or multiple buds) sprouted on the branches should also be erased as soon as possible, and only 1 robust buds should be kept on each node. 6. Fertilization: 1) At the initial stage of germination, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied at the rate of 1 to 2 times to promote the flourishing growth of branches and leaves, which is beneficial to flowering; 2) Before flowering, apply 1 ~ 2 times of thin fertilizer mainly containing phosphorus and potassium; 3) When the flowers wither and set fruit, dry cake water should be applied every 7 days ~ 10 to make the fruit swell. In order to reduce the evaporation of odor, dry cake water should be applied in furrow. First, dig a 2 cm to 3 cm ditch around the basin edge, put the cake fertilizer water into the ditch, and immediately cover the soil, so that the fertilizer will change from light to thick. You can also spread the decomposed cake powder on the surface of the pot soil, let it ripen again in the pot, and mix it evenly with the soil after 7 days to 10. 7. Watering and humidity control: Usually, watering depends on the soil and seedling conditions, so it is advisable to keep the soil moist and slightly dry. In hot summer, it is necessary to water every day. In the dog days, water 1 time every morning and evening. Move the basin to the inside of the balcony in rainy season to reduce rain.

Question 6: How to raise potted grapes from grapes in flowerpots?

Potted grapes are the general name of container cultivated grapes. All grapes cultivated in pots, boxes, barrels and pots can be called potted grapes. Potted grapes bear fruit early. If cultivated and managed properly, they can bear fruit in two years. Each pot of grapes can yield 1-3 kg, and more can reach 4-5 kg. To do a good job of potted grapes, we should master the following technical points:

1. Preparation of container and basin soil

A container

Available containers are clay pots, clay pots, purple sand pots, wooden pots, plastic flower pots, etc. , can be selected according to conditions. Potted grapes can be planted in containers with a diameter of about 20-25 cm in the first year, and in containers with a diameter of 30-40 cm after 2-3 years. It can be determined according to the production capacity and site space.

Prepare two pots of soil

1, basin soil requirements

Loose, fertile loam rich in organic matter and calcium is needed. Can also be based on local conditions, choose a wide source, low cost, no pests and diseases, pollution-free culture materials. Commonly used materials are humus soil, peat soil, pastoral soil, sand and gravel, bone meal, puffed chicken manure and so on.

2, pot soil preparation and disinfection

The commonly used formulas are: ① 4 parts humus soil, 3 parts garden soil, 3 parts coarse sand and 0.5 part bone meal; ② 7 parts of pastoral soil, 2 parts of coarse sand (or slag), 0 part of expanded chicken manure/kloc-0, and 0.5 part of bone meal. After mixing the pot soil, spray it evenly with 0. 1% formalin solution (500ml per cubic pot soil). Then sealed with plastic film, fumigated for one day and night, peeled off the film, aired for 3-4 days, and then potted for later use.

Second, suitable varieties.

Grape varieties available for potted plants include Kyoho, Jingya, Jingchao, Yidoujin, Heiaolin, Jingyu, Fenghuang 5 1, Dilava, 861,86 12, Zizhenxiang, American Black Grape, etc.

Third, the replacement of basin soil

After the flowerpot is selected, it is best to soak it in 1% bleaching powder water for 5 minutes, take it out and dry it, and put it in sterilized culture soil. Seedlings for potted grapes can be directly cut with cuttings in flowerpots and cultivated into seedlings. When cutting, it is best to insert 2 cuttings in each pot for easy selection and retention, and always keep the pot soil moist. Grape plants of 1-3 years old can also be transplanted with soil before germination. When transplanting, plant branches and vines should be pruned again. Generally, strong branches and vines of 1-3 are selected. In the year of transplanting, the key point is to restore the tree, cultivate the tree shape, lay a good foundation, and not bear fruit for the time being.

After the plants grow in the pot for 1-2 years, the original container space can no longer meet the requirements of root growth and development, and the nutrients in the pot soil gradually decrease. Therefore, the container needs to be changed from small to large or the basin soil needs to be replaced. This work is generally carried out at the end of the dormancy period and before the growth begins. When changing pots or soil, some dead roots should be cut off and watered immediately after changing, so as to facilitate the plant to resume growth.

Fourth, plastic surgery.

Generally speaking, there are two kinds of potted grape shaping:

Unipolar shape

Suitable for medium and small potted plants. In the year of planting, erect a bamboo pole or No.8 iron wire in the center of the pot, and the height is about1m. After the new buds germinate, select strong new buds as main vines, pull them onto bamboo poles, and pick the core when they grow to 80-90 cm. After that, leave 1-2 leaves to grow except the top secondary buds. In winter, mature branches and vines can be cut off by 50cm. After germination in the second year, leave 3-5 strong new buds on the main vine, and the remaining buds should be erased in time. When pruning in winter, 2-3 buds are reserved for each new shoot as the bearing mother branch for pruning. After germination in the third year, each bearing mother branch leaves 1-2 new shoots, and then it is chopped every year.

Two fan-shaped

In the winter of the planting year, the cuttings with new shoots over 60cm are left as the trunk, and in the following year, a new shoot is left every 10- 15 cm, and the cuttings in winter are the fruiting mother branches with 1-3 buds. In the third year, 1-2 fruiting branches are left on each fruiting mother branch, and the new shoots and new ears are evenly distributed in the second year.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) fertilizer and water management

fertilize the soil or land

The fertilization principle of potted grapes is to apply less frequently. Generally, potted seedlings that have not yet borne fruit start from the height of about 20cm (that is, 6-7 leaves), and apply cake fertilizer every 7- 10 days until the end of September. In order to ensure the requirements of fruit development, it is best to apply 1 time every 5 days for potted grapes that have already borne fruit. After the fruit is harvested, it should be applied according to the pot seedlings. Pay attention to watering immediately after applying liquid fertilizer every time. You can also spray 0. 1%-0.3% urea solution 2-3 times in the early growth stage of potted grapes for foliar fertilization; 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed 3-4 times every 7- 10 day from the fruit expansion stage.

Second, water.

When watering, the water temperature should be close to the soil temperature, and it should be watered before 10 in the morning and after 4 pm; ......& gt& gt

Question 7: How to fertilize potted grapes The management of potted grapes is more complicated than field cultivation. Watering, once a day in summer, and once again at noon, the amount of water should be just poured through; Fertilization: thin fertilizer should be applied frequently. Types of fertilizers: urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. After diluted by 300 times, root irrigation can be carried out, and a part can be taken out and sprayed on the leaves. Pruning and scaffolding should adopt different tree shapes according to the size of balcony space. Scaffolding can be used if the space is large, and hedges can be used if the space is small. In summer, pruning should be done frequently to prevent overgrowth. Pruning in winter should be carried out according to different postures, with 8- 10 knots for extension and 4-5 knots for new shoots.

Question 8: How to manage potted grapes in winter;

Overwintering management is very important for potted grapes. A slight negligence will lead to only flowering without fruit, and in serious cases, the whole grape will die. Potted grapes are more vulnerable to severe cold than field grapes in winter, especially in the northern region, so it is necessary to do a good job in overwintering and cold protection of potted grapes. Specific to local conditions, you can choose the following protective measures:

(1) Potted grapes stored in cellars or indoors should be put in underground vegetable pits for wintering. The temperature of the vegetable cellar is generally 0-5℃ and the air is humid, which is very suitable for potted grapes to overwinter. It is better to pile some soil or sand around the flowerpot. In addition, potted grapes can also spend the winter indoors, but there can be no heating equipment indoors, that is, the general cold room is enough. Because of the high room temperature in the heating room, it is easy to break the dormancy of grapes and lead to premature germination of grapes. However, if the grapes that germinate early continue to be placed indoors, the plants tend to grow poorly, the branches and vines are thin, and they only bloom and do not bear fruit. If you move outdoors, the temperature is still very low and vulnerable to freezing injury, so potted grapes should not be put in a heated room for the winter. In urban buildings, potted grapes can be placed in the corridor without heating, and checked every half month 1 time. If the potted soil is found to be dry and watered in time, it can survive the winter safely. In short, potted grapes need to provide a relatively low temperature environment in winter to safely pass their normal dormancy period.

(2) A large number of potted grapes for production can be stored in plastic greenhouses after pruning and watering in winter, but the plastic greenhouses must be covered with grass curtains, and watered every 10- 15 days, and the temperature should be kept at 0℃-5t.

Experience has proved that this method can ensure the safe overwintering of potted grapes.

(3) after the fallen leaves of potted grapes are buried, pruning is carried out in winter, and the pot frame is removed; Pour enough water, choose a well-drained open space, dig a ditch or bury a pit, and the buried depth is 30-50 cm from the ground. This method is relatively simple, and there is no need to check and water in winter. In case of severe cold, the surface of the buried soil pile can be covered with a layer of plastic cloth, straw curtain or other cold-proof objects to make it safely overwinter. Some family courtyards are very small, and the ground is paved, so there is no place to dig ditches or dig holes to bury potted grapes. You can also collect potted grapes that have been pruned and watered to the side of the shelter wall, pile them up with wet river sand or collected fallen leaves, and then cover them with plastic sheets and straw curtains, so that you can spend the winter safely. But this method must check 1 time every half month. If the soil in the basin is dry, water it in time.

(4) Precautions

1. Before storage, potted grapes should be pruned in winter to reduce water evaporation from branches and vines in winter. It needs watering 1 time to maintain the water requirement of weak root activity in winter. During the wintering period, except for potted grapes directly buried in the soil, 1 time must be checked every half month. If the soil in the basin is found to be dry, it should be watered in time, and the poured water should be put in the cylinder to dry for a period of time to avoid damaging the root system due to low water temperature.

2. The place where potted grapes are stored should be equipped with a thermometer and observed regularly. The temperature should be controlled between 0℃ and 5℃. If the temperature is too high or too low, measures should be taken in time to increase or decrease the cold-proof plastic film to avoid premature germination or freezing of grapes.

3. Don't put potted grapes near the heating, and be sure to prevent premature germination. If potted grapes are found to germinate prematurely, they should be moved to a lower temperature place immediately, and the water supply should be properly controlled to delay their germination and growth.

Question 9: Potted vines are watered yellow every day in summer because of too many times. Many people are always afraid that their flowers and fruits (including grapes) are short of water, so they often water them desperately, but this just has the opposite effect. You know, plants need to absorb water from their roots to maintain the growth of branches and leaves, but their roots need enough air to maintain them. If there is more water, there will be less natural air, and long-term water and humidity will make their roots in a state of "suffocation". Generally, plants with long-term waterlogging in basin soil will have the phenomenon of "yellow leaves, dead leaves, slow growth, dim leaves and deciduous leaves", and at the same time, long-term waterlogging will induce many germs to invade and eventually lead to the death of flowers and fruits.