Development history of micro-sculpture
Micro-sculpture first appeared in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Xiao Ai's "Historical Records Oracle Inscriptions" records:? Oracle Bone Inscriptions's carving skills are exquisite? Small and thin as sesame, or steep and vigorous, or colorful. ? "Everything is done. According to Zuozhuan of Waiku, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, someone in Wei could carve a female monkey on a thorn.
In the Ming dynasty, nuclear carving prevailed, which was called? Ghost skill? , which means fantastic, was popular in Guangzhou, Suzhou, Weifang and other places in the Ming Dynasty, and "Wang Shuyuan Nuclear Ship" written by Wei Xueyi Wang Shuyuan in the Ming Dynasty? Nuclear ship? Is to carve a boat on a stone. "Anhui Tongzhi Summary" records Shexian County in Ming Dynasty? Liu Tie's pen is good at micro-carving. He can carve small-diameter wood and stones into grotesque objects, and carve landscapes, trees and pavilions on the 7-inch stone sign building. Can the window be opened or closed without benefit, exquisite and thorough, and extremely fine and unscathed? .
China has a long history of micro-carving. As early as the Yin and Shang Dynasties, miniature sculptures appeared in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. During the Warring States Period, the national seal was as small as a tired millet, but it was divided into Bai Zhu and Baibai. The well-known "Carving a Boat" by Wang Shuyuan is also a classic of micro-carving art in the history of China.
There were few kinds of early micro-sculptures. With the progress of the times and the development of science and technology, sophisticated tools are constantly being manufactured, some new materials that can be used as micro-sculptures are being produced and discovered, and new types of micro-sculptures are constantly being produced. People gradually realize the tradition? Micro sculpture? The concept is a bit? Blurred? Many people often play it? Micro sculpture? Micro painting? With what? Micro sculpture? Mix together. Cause description? Micro sculpture? The key points of micro-carving techniques are difficult to grasp. What's the difference between micro-carving? The most important feature of micro sculpture is the presentation of three-dimensional space. Nuclear carving, bone carving, ivory carving, bamboo carving and micro-painting carving all belong to the category of micro-carving. And then what? Micro-carving is concave, decorative and less stereoscopic; "Micro-painting" is a kind of implicit painting, in which the picture is carved by pen or knife line drawing, or by line drawing. Micro-carving is an implicit three-dimensional picture and a three-dimensional micro-carving art of Yang carving.
Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, many literati have painted with iron pens in square seals, pinning their interests and entertaining themselves. After Shoushan stone became the seal material, the micro-carving art of Shoushan stone began to appear. In the early Qing Dynasty, both Yang Xuan and Zhou Bin carved fine print on Shoushan stone carving patterns. Simon boycott? Lin is a master sculptor. He often engraves his name and production date in the grass and cracks of his sculptures with extremely fine brushstrokes. Later, some people even carved ancient poems with extremely fine words on the four sides of the square column of the seal as a border.
In 1960s, with the application of magnifying glass and other advanced scientific instruments in the field of micro-carving, micro-carving art became a brand-new art with unique style. Many micro-carved works often have micro-carved poems or articles on the screen. At this time, people are more and more aware of the importance of the calligraphy effect of micro-carved characters. Although some works are exquisitely carved, they are just a bunch of ants. Under the magnifying glass, they are deformed, and the fonts are dim, skewed or distorted, which is really not enough. Especially in micro-carving works, micro-carving skills have become the criteria for judging the success or failure of micro-carving works. The reason why good works are respected by people is not only the technique of micro-carving, but also the layout of micro-carving and the calligraphy skills of iron pen and silver hook. Yu Shuoqi, a master of micro-carving in Qing Dynasty, was good at micro-carving of folding fan side bones. He can carve 30 lines on the finger-wide fan bone and thousands of words on the bamboo surface of the fan bone, without any failure. His pen is very attractive. It takes a magnifying glass of 20 times to see and distinguish the nuances of these words. Limited by the material of bamboo itself, modern sculptors have rarely carved such fine print on bamboo. It has certain collection value.
Micro-carving classification
Ivory micro carving
In the Hol Fils cave in southwest Germany, Professor Nicholas? Archaeologists led by Conard discovered these three ivory micro-sculptures: a bird, a horse's head and a lion man. These three micro-sculptures are all carved from ancient mammoth ivory, and the height of each micro-sculpture is no more than 2.5 cm. The carving skill is superb and the technique is exquisite. The feathers on the waterfowl and the mouth, nose and eyes on the horse's head are very finely carved, and they are all lifelike and breathtaking.
More than 30 thousand years ago, Europe was in the Neolithic age, and there were two kinds of people widely distributed, one was the ape-Neanderthal, and the other was the homo sapiens who had evolved into adults. Their lifestyles are obviously different. These miniature sculptures are the masterpieces of Homo sapiens. What excites Professor Conard most is the micro sculpture. Lion man? He thinks that this statue, which is half man and half lion, symbolizes some belief that Homo sapiens believed in at that time.
Nicholas, a professor at the University of Tubingen in Germany? Conard:？ Can you find this? Lion man? This is undoubtedly a surprise. In the past, we found a big lion man near here. Now we have two lion people, which sent a message that people in that era had certain beliefs. ?
At that time, homo sapiens in Europe believed in a pantheistic religion-Shamanism, and they advocated that there was some connection and transformation between the real world and the spiritual world. This bird-shaped miniature sculpture symbolizes a useful diving waterfowl. Homo sapiens who believe in shamanism believe that waterfowl can shuttle between reality and spiritual world. The lion man is probably a symbol used by shaman priests or wizards to summon believers.
Nicholas, a professor at the University of Tubingen in Germany? Conrad:? There is no doubt that there is competition between Neanderthals (apes) and Homo sapiens. We have reason to believe that Homo sapiens can better adapt to the environment at that time by using certain symbols, thus destroying Neanderthals and occupying the whole world. ?
Lowest comic book
The organizers of the Outstanding Hardware/Software Conference (EHSM) held in Hamburg, Germany, displayed the world's smallest comic book, carved on a hair. The title of this cartoon is Juana Weaving Planet, which is divided into 12 pictures, showing a little girl creating music, planting trees and other scenes.
The diameter of human hair is about 80 microns, but each picture in this cartoon only occupies 25 microns, so it can only be read with the help of a microscope.
This work was completed by the artist using the concentrated ion beam of Rensselaer Institute of Technology. It's really unusual to read comics in the micro world.
Fa si Wei Diao
After magnifying with a microscope, Lu Xun's carved head and related words can be clearly seen on one hair.
Hundreds of micro-carving works by Chang, a master of Chinese intangible cultural heritage, were exhibited in Guanyuan Jewelry City, showing the infinite charm of China micro-carving art to enthusiasts and insiders, especially carving portraits and figures on a thin hair, which is the first time in China. Lincoln, Lu Xun and Journey to the West, 308 words engraved on a hair, are an eye-opener.
On March 25th, 2006, the BBC reported that in a work displayed by Jin Yinhua, a Chinese-American micro-sculpture artist, a lifelike image of a giant panda was carved on a hair. It is reported that the artist spent 10 days creating this miniature masterpiece with a rabbit hair brush.
Visitors to Chinese painting galleries need a microscope with a magnification of 50,000 times to appreciate this work.
Other micro-sculpture artists include Russian artist De Vuoria Novo. He once created celebrity oil paintings on poppy seeds and rice grains. De Vuoria's greatest work so far is that in 2003, he drew a picture of the Titanic cruise ship on a piece of mineral wool with a diameter of 2mm.
In 2002, Wigan, a micro-sculpture artist, spent several months designing, carving and drawing a micro-sculpture figure, that is, boxing champion Ali Boxing liston.
His collection also includes Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Tower Bridge in London and Jesus. The volume of each work can pass through a needle.
Shoushan stone micro carving
The micro-carving of Shoushan stone is to carve exquisite pictures or words on a small Shoushan stone. The history of Shoushan stone micro-carving began in the late Qing Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, fine print was carved on Shoushan stone carving patterns, and Lin Chang, a master of western learning, carved his name and production date in the grass seam of the carving works with extremely fine strokes. Later, some people carved ancient poems around the square column of the seal with extremely fine words as the border.
In the 1980s, Chen Zhongsen made further progress in small areas? Micro sculpture? Art. Since the 1960s, Chen Zhongsen has been devoted to the art of micro-sculpture, striving for perfection in micro-sculpture. Micro? You need a magnifying glass to see clearly. He can not only express the truth, grass, official characters, figures, landscapes, flowers and birds, and even abstract paintings with colored ink in micro-carving, but also the carved words, dots, pens and frames are extremely beautiful, and his brandishing stone is full of charm. The contribution of calligraphers? Iron pen? Title. For example, the full text of Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Orchid Pavilion can be completely engraved on a plane of 1 cubic centimeter, which is bigger than soybean, so he said yes? Is art at the micro level? .
Shoushan stone micro-carving calligraphy and Chinese painting are first of all very particular about the creative materials, and the carved stone should be absolutely pure without any sand and cracks. Secondly, you should have a thin and sharp knife. Third, sculptors are required to be proficient in calligraphy and Chinese painting. Sometimes my eyesight is not enough, so I have to rely on it. Ideas? And the trend of pen movement to engraving. The creator should enter the superb artistic realm, concentrate, hold his breath and pour the well-trained aesthetic feeling into the sword. Fourth, we must have solid basic skills. Micro-carving knife strives for stability, accuracy and firmness. Micro-carving knife is a pen, and its skill is insufficient. Because of a little out of control, the knife is not satisfactory. Fifth, we should grasp the artistic effect of line changes produced by tools and stones. In addition, there are emblem carving, stone carving and wood carving.
The carving art of micro-carving
Micro sculpture art? Is art at the micro level? , the more subtle, the more refined kung fu, the higher the value. Micro-sculpture is also an art that pays great attention to pictures and composition. so this is it？ It means nothing? . The sculptor of micro-carving must first have a good knowledge of painting and calligraphy. Although the micro sculpture is too subtle to be recognized by the naked eye, it is still very beautiful under a magnifying glass, like a large calligraphy masterpiece. In addition to micro-engraving calligraphy, Chen Zhongsen also created new varieties? Micro sculpture painting. He took advantage of the rich colors and textures of Shoushan Stone. His micro-sculpture works? Map of Bear Paradise? In America? World Art Center? The only one who won the third Golden Rooster Award? Special gold award? , a sensation.
Up to now, Fuzhou has organized a micro-sculpture research society with more than 65,438+00 members, among which Li Yiming's micro-sculpture calligraphy works have won prizes in Japanese related competitions? Special award? In addition, Chen Mingde, Zhang Ping, Liu Yongji, Lin et al. all of them have made great achievements.
Micro-carving pays attention to the selection of materials, and its stone is absolutely pure, and it can't tolerate any sand grid and half a crack, because it is possible to carve Chinese characters above 10 with half a sand spot. Second, the micro-carving tool is also a special fine knife, which should be sharp and sharp. Third, you must have a specialized knowledge of calligraphy and Chinese painting, and you can only do it when carving? Meaning lettering? . Fourth, hold your breath on the spot, concentrate, and do it in one go.
Fifth, the knife should be steady, accurate and firm. Only in this way can calligraphy and knife-cutting achieve perfect unity. In the 1990 s, you jiarui opened it? The cliff carving on the desk? A new variety of shoushan stone calligraphy micro-carving. The table cliff of Shoushan Stone is small and exquisite, with various shapes, and the art of micro-engraving calligraphy is even more enjoyable, so everyone loves it.
Since 2005, Mr. Shan Shan Tse, a micro-carving artist from the motherland, has demonstrated his micro-carving skills in new york and won the love of the American people and overseas Chinese.