First, blackberries.
Blackberry, also known as Rubus, originated in North America and is a perennial vine of Rubus in Rosaceae. It has been recognized as the third generation special fruit by FAO of the United Nations, and also praised as "fruit of life" and "black diamond" by European and American countries. From 65438 to 0986, the Institute of Botany of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China Academy of Sciences, after several years of cultivation research, finally successfully introduced and planted in Lishui Town, Nanjing. Blackberry is extremely difficult to store, so it must be cleaned, disinfected and frozen within 4 hours after picking, otherwise it will lose a lot of nutrients and ferment. At present, blackberries produced in China are mainly processed into frozen products and exported to Europe, America, Australia and other places, so blackberries have become the only fruit in the market that is difficult to buy fresh fruits!
Second, the nutritional value
Blackberry is rich in proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, SOD, selenium, ellagic acid, flavonoids and other highly effective antioxidant active substances, 20 kinds of amino acids and trace elements. At present, there are more than 40 kinds of nutrients found, among which proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, SOD, amino acids, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium and vitamins are several times or even hundreds of times that of well-known blueberries, so they are praised as "fruits of life" and "black diamonds" by European and American countries.
Blackberry belongs to Chinese medicine "raspberry", which tastes sweet and sour, warm in nature, and enters the meridian: liver, kidney and bladder. Materia Medica Xuan Tong: "Raspberry, sweet in taste and flat in the kidney, can raise yang to treat flaccidity, and can strengthen the kidney instead of dryness and heat, and it is also a good product.
Third, cultivation techniques.
Land selection: loam or sandy loam is the most suitable soil texture for blackberry orchard, and the soil pH value is 5.0 ~ 8.0, but 6.0 ~ 6.5 is the best. The soil salt content should be < 0. 1%, the soil thickness should be > > 50cm, and the groundwater level should be > > 100cm. The lowest temperature of most blackberry varieties in winter should be higher than-15℃, and the lowest temperature below 7.2℃ in winter should be above 700 ~ 750 hours.
Variety selection: Hull, Chester, Boijsen, Yang, Triple Crown, Navajo, Blazouez and other varieties are performing well in Nanjing at present, so the corresponding varieties should be selected according to their uses.
Selection of seedlings: 1 year cuttings are the best, requiring more roots, Miao Zhuang, and no pests and diseases. If you use the top rooted seedlings of that year, you should choose the plants with good roots in Miao Zhuang. The seedlings should be of the same size and planted separately. Seedling thickness: > > 0.5cm (ground diameter); Seedling length: 20 ~ 30 cm.
Scaffolding: scaffold materials and specifications: cement piles or wooden stakes. The specifications of cement piles vary with varieties, specifically Hull, Chester, Blazouez and Triple Crown: 7 cm× 9 cm× 230 ~ 250 cm; Boijsen and Navajo: 6 cm× 8 cm× 210 ~ 230 cm; : Young: 6cm× 7cm×190 ~ 210cm. The stake is 6 ~ 8cm thick and 200 ~ 250cm long. Wire number 12 ~ 14.
Topdressing:
Depending on the situation of seedlings, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are the main topdressing, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the fields with poor growth.
The fertilizer is mainly quick-acting fertilizer, which is usually carried out three times a year.
Pruning and pruning:
Picking in summer: Generally, in early summer, when sprouting occurs and grows rapidly, when the height of sprouting reaches 1.0 ~ 1.2m, the core is picked. After the core is removed, the sprouted branches should be fixed on the wire.
Removing dead branches and vines after fruit: Generally in July and August (different varieties have differences), the sprouting branches and lateral branches of the previous year should be removed from the roots, and the blackberry orchard should be cleaned after the dead branches are cut off.
Winter plastic trimming: 12 from early February to early February. The key points of pruning are as follows: (1), pruning dead branches and branches damaged by pests and diseases; (2), sparse branches and too dense branches; (3) cutting the remaining robust branches; (4) Tie the pruned branches evenly on the wire. Generally, each plant has 8 ~ 12 stout branches with an average length of 100 ~ 120 cm.
Kidnapping: Tie the branches to the wire immediately after plastic surgery and pruning. Each branch should be dispersed, and multiple branches should not be tied together.