First, adjust measures to local conditions, select excellent varieties according to weather and natural environment standards, and select varieties with dark green color, tight and lasting bamboo shoots, good tender stems, strong insect resistance, high quality and high yield, such as Mary Washington 500W, California 157, etc.
2. Sow in time, cultivate strong seedlings 1, and prepare 400 kilograms of nutrient soil, 400 kilograms of compost fine farmyard manure, 7 kilograms of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and 2.5 kilograms of organic compound fertilizer per mu. After being fully stirred and precipitated for 7 days, it was packed into nutrition bags, and 3000 nutrition bags were packed in 1 mu.
2. Seed treatment Because asparagus seeds are hard, they need to be soaked in 300C warm water for 2 days before sowing, and the water in each fish tank should be changed once in the morning, noon and evening. After the seeds are completely hygroscopic and swollen, remove and drain the water, wrap them with wet emery cloth, treat them with ultra-low temperature cold water of 0-50C for 2 days, and then place them at 25-300C to promote tooth growth. When 50%-60% of the seeds leak white.
3. When the local soil temperature reaches 5cm and reaches 10℃, sow in time. In order to improve the quality of seedlings and increase the growth period of open cultivation, pre-seedlings can be planted in maintenance equipment from the middle and late February to the middle and early March. Before sowing, the nutrient soil in the nutrient bag must be watered permeable before sowing, and two bud seeds are sown in each nutrient bag.
4. Seedling management Immediately after sowing, cover the plastic shed with plastic film to keep warm, and water it once in the morning and evening to keep the soil moist and promote germination. The environmental temperature in the shed is always kept at about 200 C. If it is higher than 300C, it should be covered with film to cool down immediately to avoid burning seedlings at high temperature. At the same time, due to the high temperature in the shed, weeds grow very fast and should be cleaned up immediately. After germination 10 days, spray it once with clean manure mixed with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and transplant the seedlings to the street immediately when they grow to 10cm.
3. Soil preparation, field planting and transplanting: 1. Soil preparation: 20 days before transplanting, cut the green manure or rape straw of the previous crop into small pieces with the length of 12cm as street base fertilizer, and the dosage of 1 mu is more than 3500kg. Turn over the soil and rake it carefully, and plow it according to 150cm, with a width of 30cm, a depth of 30cm and a width of 120cm. When ditching the border, a concave ditch with a width of 70cm should be dug in the middle of the border, and green manure or rape straw should be buried in the ditch, and then the border should be ditched and leveled.
2. Transplant in time to ensure the planting density. When transplanting, dig a planting ditch in the middle of the ridge surface with a width of 40-50 cm and a depth of 30 cm. Farmhouse manure 1500-2000 kg was applied in furrow, and 75 kg of organic compound fertilizer special for vegetables was used as base fertilizer. Mix fertile soil, water it, and then transplant asparagus with rope. Plant 2000-2300 plants per mu, with a spacing of 20-25 cm. When planting asparagus, asparagus should not be planted on chemical fertilizer, and seedlings should be avoided from falling or burning due to drought and water shortage. When planting, the roots should be stretched, the soil should be filled with 5-6cm thickness, the soil should be compacted, watered with fixed root water, and the soil should be cultivated in batches after the seedlings survive, and the garbage should be buried in the planting ditch.
4. Field management 1, fertilizer and water management after survival. Every 20-30 days, 1 mu of topdressing and manure cleaning water is 700-800kg, or 7-8kg of organic chemical ternary compound fertilizer is added with 750kg of water for deep application or acupoint application. Pay attention to watering during drought, and drain the pipeline immediately during rainy season. The planting ditch is cultivated by combining soil cultivation and weeding, so that the vertical stem is buried under the border 15cm. Topdressing again in August, 1 mu topdressing 1000kg clean manure water or 10- 12kg urea solution, 30kg phosphate fertilizer and 15-20kg sodium chloride. From February 65438 to February of the following year, the withered and residual plants were pulled out, the branches were cleaned, and the harm was concentrated and the germs were eliminated.
From the middle and late March to the beginning of April, when the daily average temperature exceeds 10℃, the high ridge with the height of 10cm is cultivated by combining fertilization and soil cultivation in stages. Topdressing organic chemical ternary compound fertilizer 30-50 kg/mu in spring, summer and autumn, topdressing organic chemical organic fertilizer in autumn and winter is 1 500-2000 kg respectively. At the same time, ensure that the soil is cultivated and weeded on time after the rain, and water frequently during drought, especially during harvest. In autumn, when the new stem grows to 1.0- 1.2m, the top will be removed, and too many weak and diseased branches will be removed.
2. Plant shaping (1) There is a growth period after bamboo shoots are picked before and after the aerial stems are drained. Due to good rain and heat standards and vigorous vegetative growth, it is very easy to produce lush stems and branches. In this case, some aboveground stems should be drained as soon as possible to reduce assimilation and control plant growth and development. However, thinning should be stopped when the temperature is high in July and August, otherwise problems will easily occur.
(2) When the mother stems are topped, the long stems on the ground should be cut short at a distance of 80 cm from the road surface to prevent seedlings from falling due to wind and rain, alleviate vegetative growth, improve natural ventilation and light transmission, and control the growth and development of plants.
(3) When the pruning temperature is high in hot summer, it is not allowed to prune the mother stem. However, due to the lush foliage in the field, the middle leaves are easy to turn yellow, which is not conducive to natural ventilation and light transmission and pest control. Therefore, the branches should be pruned or shortened.
(4) After the scaffolding and soil-cultivating plants grow, wood (bamboo) piles with a height of 1.2m are driven every 2m, and the stems on the ground between the two piles are hung with plastic ropes, but the branches can still be carried out naturally.
5. Strengthen the prevention and control of asparagus stem blight, brown spot, brown spot and other pests and diseases. To control stem blight and brown spot, 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 times solution, 50% triadimefon 600-800 times solution or 70% mancozeb 600-700 times solution can be sprayed to control pests and diseases; Root irrigation with 3000 times solution of 15% Hugenbao or 500 times solution of 40% green milk copper was used to control brown spot. Pests and diseases include cotton aphid, whitefly, Spodoptera litura and so on. Control with 80% 800- 1000 times solution and 10% imidacloprid 2000-3000 times solution. Use phoxim mixed rodenticide to control pests such as cutworms and crickets.
Sixth, timely harvesting asparagus is a product with tender stems like vegetables. It can be harvested moderately in the second year after planting and can be harvested continuously 10- 15 years. The spring harvest is in April-June, and the autumn harvest is in September-65438+10. In early spring, the temperature is low and the young stems grow slowly. They harvest every 2-3 days, and harvesting usually takes place at noon, so we should keep more and harvest less. The temperature is high in autumn and winter, the average daily temperature is above 200C, and bamboo shoots grow above 10cm every day. Bamboo shoots are abundant and can be harvested once every morning. When picking bamboo shoots, cut the tender stems with a knife from 0.5- 1.5cm underground, and the tender stems are 2 1-24cm long. After digging, cut off the hard stems.
After harvesting in this way, the stubble will be lignified in a short time, with less runoff, which can reduce the loss of body fluids, produce more new tender stems, grow quickly and have high yield. If picked manually, the tender shoots on the ground will leave high stubble, which will cause a lot of runoff and affect the germination of underground scales. Sometimes, the residual piles will send out side branches, which will inhibit the germination of underground scales and reduce the yield.