Transplanting is generally carried out in spring and autumn, and should be carried out before germination in spring. In autumn, when the leaves turn yellow, they should be pruned in advance to remove some or all branches. Bare root transplantation can also survive, but the root system cannot be torn, and it should be short and uniform. When transplanting, the root length is generally 6 ~ 8 times the diameter of the stem at the base of tung oil tree, and the survival rate is high. If conditions permit, the survival rate is higher.
After transplantation and pruning, those who have the conditions can apply paint or wax to the wound to prevent excessive water loss and be beneficial to survival.
Transplanting in autumn, the northern region needs to raise the soil in winter to prevent freezing.
After transplantation, support first, generally erect triangular columns, and then water them after fixation, otherwise they will fall down easily and seriously affect the survival rate.
Don't water the transplanted paulownia trees too often. For those transplanted in spring, water should be poured once after transplanting support, and water should be poured again the next day. After that, it is best to thoroughly water the topsoil instead of watering it.
Autumn transplanting is also watered after transplanting support, and watered again the next day, and then it will be decided according to the temperature drop, but the last watering should be done before the arrival of cold air, the frozen soil should be sealed, and then watered in spring.
Don't fertilize the roots within 2 months after transplanting in spring, and the transplanter needs to fertilize in autumn until the next summer.
1-2 years after planting, pruning can be carried out. After new buds germinate, useless lower branches and buds can be erased, mainly to control the growth position and plant type of branches.
Cultivation techniques of tung oil tree
First, the quality of tung oil seedlings: Tung oil seedlings are 2.5 meters high and 4 cm in diameter at breast height, and there should be more than 5 branches, and high-quality seedlings should also have 2 branches; The root system should have 2 ~ 3 branches, lateral roots and most fibrous roots, and be transplanted in the nursery at least once; The trunk of the seedling should be free from fracture and scar, overwintering eggs or parasite holes, light gray in color, with purple-brown and smooth buds, which will turn green when sprouting and then fall off. Tung trees with a diameter of 4 cm at breast height should be 2-3 years old, and the row spacing in the nursery should be 50×80 cm, which is a transplanted seedling.
When digging seedlings, the root cap should be at least 35 cm and the root depth should be more than 25 cm; Cut off the root system completely within this range until the root system splits and tears before pulling it out. After the seedlings are dug out, don't expose yourself to the sun in the open space for too long. Spray water for more than 2 hours to prevent the roots from drying, losing water and dying. Otherwise, don't shake off the soil at the root to keep moisture, and then shake it off when shipping. If the transportation distance of seedlings exceeds 2 hours, water should be sprayed on the roots of seedlings and covered with tarpaulin or film to keep the roots moist. Seedlings that cannot be planted within 3 hours should be planted immediately after being transported to the planting site.
2. Planting requirements: Before planting, check whether the quality of seedlings is qualified and whether the seedlings are damaged. If the roots are badly damaged, they should be abandoned. Root cap should meet the above requirements. If it is partially damaged or broken, the damaged part should be cut off and the incision should be smooth, so as to regenerate new roots as soon as possible. If there are too many side branches, cut off a part of the lower part, but not too much. Seedlings should be planted immediately after arrival, and should not be placed in the sun or wind for a long time to avoid root dehydration and reduce the survival rate.
Planting should not be too shallow or too deep, preferably slightly deeper than the original depth, not more than 3 cm. The roots should be completely spread out in the planting pit, and the roots should not be bent. Fill in the excavated topsoil first, then lift it gently by hand, straighten out the roots, and then step on it. When stepping, step on the edge of the pit before stepping on the lower part of the root neck. Be sure to step on it, then fill in the subsoil, and then step on it until it is compacted. After planting a batch, water it immediately. The interval between the first watering and the second watering is about 5 to 7 days, so it should be watered thoroughly. After about 10 days, the third thorough watering will be carried out. After watering for three times, loosen the soil to keep moisture when the ground is dry, and then water it according to the weather conditions. The water demand of seedlings increases after germination, and it must not be thought that watering will be stopped after germination.
Fertilization in nursery should be combined with soil preparation in autumn. Organic fertilizer should be fully decomposed, without big odor, and fresh manure should not be used (cow manure is cold manure, and fresh manure is less harmful); The application amount of chemical fertilizer must be controlled and watered. It is best not to fertilize seedlings immediately in spring, but to use them after they germinate and grow until the summer solstice. At this time, the temperature is high, the trees grow vigorously and consume a lot, and they need to differentiate to form overwintering buds. Newly planted seedlings are generally not fertilized, because the roots have many wounds and are very fragile.
Pruning technology of tung oil tree;
Plastic pruning in winter has an important influence on the growth and tree shape of tung oil tree. If winter pruning is not timely and reasonably carried out, the tree shape will be disordered, the main branches will be long, and the leaves will be few or low, which will greatly reduce its ornamental value and shading effect. Timely and reasonable pruning can make the tree majestic, tall and straight, beautiful, with dense and symmetrical branches and thick green leaves, and enhance the natural immunity of the tree in a short time.
The winter pruning of paulownia trees can be carried out before the leaves of paulownia trees fall off in autumn and winter, the soil freezes, and the tree sleeps until the sap flows out in the next spring. For newly planted young trees, when the trunk is 2. It is 5 to 3 meters high and is called "fixed stem". Pruning can be based on the overall observation of the whole tree and the decision of future cultivation direction. First, cut the upright branches and drooping branches, then cut the branches of diseases and pests, cross branches, weak branches, inward branches and branches that affect traffic facilities, and finally leave 3 ~ 4 strong main branches. The main branches should be conducive to plastic surgery in the future, grow strong and have moderate angles. After selecting the main branch, cut it short by 30-40 cm near the base, the incision should be smooth and not damage the bark, and the incision should be coated with protective agent to avoid pests and water transpiration. Healing wounds can also promote callus formation, which is beneficial to wound healing and prevent bacterial infection. The wound protection agent can be wax, white paint, tung oil or paint.
Young trees grow every 3-4 years and are cut once in winter. Generally, 3-4 main branches preserved for the first time can be basically unchanged, and then 1-2 robust branchlets can be retained on each main branch, and the length can be 20-30 cm when cut short. The lateral branches on the branchlets can be retained according to the specific situation. For example, when the communication line near the tree is not high, only 3 ~ 4 short main branches left during the first drying can be kept, which can reduce the height of the whole tree and increase the transparency of the branches without affecting their growth and keep the tree shape well.
For the formed tung oil trees, they should be fully pruned every winter. Pay attention to cultivating the advantages of main branches, and cut off pests and diseases, erect branches, overlapping branches, densely clustered branches and side branches. Retract the long main branches, stimulate the branches and leaves at the base of the main branches and side branches, prevent baldness and ensure a thick leaf curtain layer.
Tung oil tree has strong germination ability and is very resistant to pruning. If the pruning is reasonable, the beautiful shape of the tree can be maintained. If the pruning is unreasonable, it can also be made up in time in the next pruning to achieve its due tree-like effect.