〔 2005-06-02 1 1:32:07 〕
Zhengzhou is a city with many bridges, and the number of bridges is reminiscent of southern cities in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. According to the data of urban construction department, there are about 45 bridges in this city, such as Xiong 'er River Bridge, Jinshuihe Dashiqiao Bridge, Songshan Bridge and Zijingshan Bridge, and there are four steel bridges on the Yellow River in the suburbs, such as Kuhe Bridge, Shuanghe Railway Bridge, Weihe Bridge, Chaohe Bridge, Chahe Bridge, Qilihe Bridge and Jia Luhe Bridge. These bridges not only connect one side, but also prove the history of Zhengzhou, especially the four steel bridges on the ancient Yellow River, 28 kilometers away from Zhengzhou city, which connect the history of the city for nearly a hundred years and accompany the wind and rain of the city. It reminds us of the present and the past, and we are full of emotions. We can see the history through the bridge, know the present through the bridge and see the future of Zhengzhou through the bridge.
1896, the Qing court approved the railway to supervise Sheng Xuanhuai to build the Luhan Railway, and it was urgent to build the Yellow River Bridge north of Zhengzhou. At that time, the Qing court entrusted a Belgian company to build Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge, and the technical director was Shado. 1900, the Qing court invited experts from Germany, America and Italy to make a field trip and select the bridge site. From Qinhe River to the bridge site, the north bank of the bridge is protected by a dam, and the south bank of Mangzhongtou is the natural barrier of the river. The design starts from 190 1 to 1902. Because the river channel is divided into north and south troughs with a sand in the middle, a total of 25 through steel plate beams of 3 1.5m on both banks are designed. All piers are 103, and each pier consists of 8 pipe piles; Between the truss beam and the plate beam are two piers, each pier is composed of 14 pipe piles, and the deck is straight. It took four years for the bridge site survey and drawing design, but the Qing court was still not at ease, and it was delayed for another three years. When the Belgian company started to build the first iron bridge on the Yellow River, it was 1 September 9031. After the official start of construction, the materials and machinery needed for bridge construction will be transported to the construction site by carriage, ox cart and rickshaw through Hankou. Who knows, the foundation construction is carried out on the beach. The buried depth of the pipe pile is13-16m, and it is filled with cement mortar. As a result, 38 piers were washed away by the flood overnight. After that, the method of riprap cage was adopted to ensure the firmness of the pier. The bridge is finally finished. The train from Hankou to Beijing stopped in Zhengzhou, headed north for Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge, and roared all the way to Beijing.
The Yellow River Railway Bridge in Zhengzhou, which took foreigners nearly 10 years to build, has been in operation for 10 years. Because of the engineering quality problems, the bridge itself began to age. A news that shocked China and foreign countries and humiliated foreigners for the first time spread on the railway line: Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge was not built because of design problems.
The heavy burden caused two buses to fall into the river, killing more than 300 people. This day is 1925 65438+ 10/2. The second is the destruction during the war. Zhengzhou Yellow River Bridge is the throat of the north-south passage and the fortress of war. 10 in the zhifeng war in the spring of 927, Zhang Xueliang attacked Wu's subordinates guarding the bridge and blew up the10 girder of the bridge. 1930, Jiang Yan fought with Feng, and Feng blew up the bridge 16 beam. 1938, the national government forces bombed some docks and transported 42-hole steel beams at the southern end to Gui Xiang and Guizhou-Guangxi railway for use. 1948101On October 22nd, the Liu Deng army liberated Zhengzhou and took the lead in cutting off the Yellow River Bridge on General Zheng's way northward. Under the bridge, gunfire roared, killing people like hemp, and the bridge became the battlefield between the two armies. Kuomintang troops also destroyed the bridge. The battle to liberate Zhengzhou Outer Bridge has ended, and the bridge has entered a state of maintenance.
The first steel bridge on the Yellow River in Zhengzhou has gone through a history of 45 years.
195265438+1October 3 1 day, Mao Zedong visited Zhengzhou. When he was walking on the Yellow River railway bridge built by the Belgians, he said to the accompanying Minister of Railways Teng Dai Yuan: We must build our own bridge. However, the new China has just been established, and everything needs to be done. We haven't the economic strength to build such a steel bridge. The people's government can only build the yellow river railway bridge that runs through the north and south many times. The major repair is 1956, and the manpower and material resources used are also huge. On August 5th this year, Zhou Enlai personally inspected the restored Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge. After the bridge was reopened to traffic for more than a year, it experienced the flood peak of the Yellow River. On July 1958, a rare flood peak appeared at the Huayuankou of the Yellow River, with a flow of 22,300 cubic meters per second, and five piers were in danger. The pier of Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge 1 1 was washed away by the flood, and two adjacent bridges collapsed into the water. The next day, Zhou Enlai came to the south bank of the Yellow River to inspect the danger of the Yellow River and give encouragement to the 300,000 flood fighting troops along the Yellow River. After 15 days and nights of fighting, the Yellow River levee was saved. In August 1, the bridge was reopened to traffic. Ten thousand people in the provincial capital gathered to celebrate the reopening of Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge.
From 1948 to 1958, this yellow river railway bridge has undergone 10 years of maintenance and "packaging" by the people's government.
After maintenance and packaging, Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge has been in service for 10 years. 1969 10, this 64-year-old bridge continues to exert its residual heat and undertake the task of receiving cars. In this year, firstly, the bridge deck was reformed and reinforced concrete slabs were added for cars to pass directly from south to north. 1986 Zhengzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge completed. In the second year, the State Council approved the demolition of Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge, with five holes at the southern end160m, and preserved it as a historical relic. Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge has been open to traffic for 84 years and has become a historical relic. This time, Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge has really become a historical relic on the Yellow River.
In the history of bridge construction in Zhengzhou Yellow River section, there are still two unfinished things that have to be mentioned. Although the construction of these two bridges only stays in contracts and design drawings, they are of record value, which gives us a glimpse of the corruption and incompetence of the Kuomintang government. 19 19 Beiyang government plans to build Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge (New Bridge) for public bidding. French and Belgian companies that originally built the old bridge won the bid, but they stopped working because of the fall of Beiyang government. 10 years later, the national government began to build bridges again. During 1929, Sun Ke, Minister of Railways of the National Government, asked Wadi, an American bridge expert, to design a new railway bridge. His assistant Waie went to the site to test the pile. The 20-meter-long pile broke before it was buried underground. Waddee didn't put forward any plans and drawings, and Weir left halfway and never met again. 1947, the national government brought up the old story again, and once again asked the engineering planning team of the Executive Yuan to sign a contract with mommsen Company of the United States for cooperative design, but it was suspended due to the increasing civil war. The matter ran aground and no one mentioned it again. The bridge construction plan of Beiyang government and Kuomintang government, after 28 years, involved by the three countries, designed by foreign experts and cooperated by large foreign companies, ended in vain.
The real implementation of the new railway bridge construction on the Yellow River was after the founding of New China. 1In February 1954, the Bridge Design Office of the Ministry of Railways conducted a preliminary survey.1In April 1958, the State Planning Commission approved the plan to build a 2,890-meter double-track bridge with an estimated capital of 40.24 million yuan. The new Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge is located in the downstream and south bank of the old bridge.
500 meters away from the old bridge, and the north bank is 375 meters away from the old bridge. The bridge type is a top-supported multi-web steel truss beam with a span of 40m 1 hole. The whole bridge project was built by the First Bridge Engineering Department of the Bridge Engineering Bureau of the Ministry of Railways in the form of investment contracting operation, which was officially started on May 1958 and completed two years later. The total length of the new bridge is 2,899.54 meters.
M, double-track 7 1 hole steel meter-bearing beam, the center of the bridge is located at K648+623 of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, with an investment of 49.25 million yuan. Track laying of the main line is 3.8km, and 142 single-hole girder erection is completed. 1960 April 18, the downlink was officially opened to traffic, and on the 20th, the uplink was officially opened to traffic, and the new double-track bridge was officially put into operation. This is in Zhengzhou.
The second railway bridge across the Yellow River.
With the development of national economy, highway transportation is becoming more and more busy, and the traffic between the north and south of the Yellow River is very urgent. From 1966 to 1969, it took three years to transform a two-lane railway bridge into a one-way Yellow River highway bridge. The rebuilt Yellow River Highway Bridge connects the north and the south.
Traffic has played an important role. However, because there is only one bridge on the north-south highway of the Yellow River, and the traffic volume is increasing day by day, the north and south cannot be released at the same time. Sometimes the traffic between north and south has to wait for an hour or two, or even longer, and the traffic jam is very serious. Therefore, in 1983, the people's government of Henan Province decided that the original double-track railway bridge was still open to trains and a new Yellow River highway bridge was built. This is the third bridge on the Yellow River in Zhengzhou-Zhengzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge.
Zhengzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge 1984 broke ground. This highway bridge starts from Huayuankou, a suburb of Zhengzhou in the south and ends at Liu An Village, Yuanyang County, Henan Province in the north. It's the throat bridge on National Highway 107. 1 986 65438+1October1,Zhengzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge was completed and opened to traffic. The total length of the bridge is 5449.86 meters.
*** 137 hole is the longest highway bridge on the Yellow River in China, ranking first in Asia and seventh in the world.
I once interviewed Zhang Jinghui, the chief designer and construction commander of Zhengzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge and deputy director of bureau of henan province. This 72-year-old chief engineer is short, sincere and frank, and speaks very fast. He has built dozens of bridges in and out of the province in his life. At the age of 50, he took over the task of Zhengzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge. Bridge experts know that this bridge is not only the need of Henan's economic development, but also the main highway traffic channel parallel to Beijing-Guangzhou railway, which has important strategic significance. Yang Xizong, then secretary of the provincial party committee, personally appointed him as the leader of the leading group of the bridge project. After the news of the construction of the Yellow River Highway Bridge came out, some unknown workers and farmers came to visit Mr. Zhang, hoping that he could build the bridge, lead a good team as an honest official and do a good job in design and control. Zhang Jinghui lived up to the trust of the leaders and the masses. He told us that in the past, building roads and bridges was a courageous act, but now it is the money of ordinary people. From capital investment to design and construction, he strictly controls the project. It was originally planned to start from1July 5, 1984 to1June 1988, and the bridge was completed on1September 7, 1986, which was 2 1 month ahead of the original plan. Only the construction period was advanced, which could increase the social benefits by 60 million yuan.
Zhengzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge, which was built 2 1 month ahead of schedule, has a simple and continuous deck with mature prestressed concrete simply supported structure on the upper part. Every140-250m, an expansion joint is set, with 25 joints as the dividing line, and the lower foundation is large-diameter long pile1.5-2.2m..
Bored cast-in-place pile, double-column pier, frame abutment, total 137 holes. Bridge width 18.5m, carriageway 16m, sidewalks on both sides1m. The maximum design load can reach 570 tons. The bearing capacity of 959 prestressed concrete "T" beams in the whole bridge has exceeded the design requirements after sampling and pressure test. The scouring depth of the Yellow River is 28 meters, and the depth of the 288 foundation piles of the bridge is 60 meters. Zhang Jinghui visited Zhengzhou Yellow River Railway Bridge built by Belgians at 1903. The pile depth is only 28 meters, and some of them are only 10 meter. After ultrasonic impact test, the good pile rate reaches 99.3%, and the unqualified pile reaches 100%. The axis of the bridge runs through, and the error of bridge length is only 9 mm, which is higher than some famous bridges abroad.
The Zhengzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge, which runs through the north and south, fundamentally solves the problem of poor traffic between the north and south. The total investment is10.75 billion yuan, and the annual toll income is10.80 billion yuan. 10 Over the years, more than a dozen such Yellow River highway bridges have been rebuilt, which has met the requirements of the provincial party committee and government to build a bridge with good quality, quick effect and economy. After the national acceptance, this bridge was rated as a national high-quality project and won a silver award for high-quality project (this award is a hardware award, and no bridge in China has won a silver award since then). At the end of 1986, the state awarded Zhang Jinghui the title of bridge expert. The news media in the United States, Britain, France and other countries reported on Zhengzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge, marveling at its good quality, high speed, low investment and high practical value.
In the interview, Mr. Zhang said angrily, I built the bridge, which is worthy of the government and the people. However, in just a few years, the bridge managers have embezzled millions of yuan, which is outrageous. This is a pollution to the river and a crime to the people. According to media reports, Chongqing Qijiang Rainbow Bridge collapsed in only 14 days, which was a "tofu residue" project caused by corruption. In 2000, the news media reported the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, saying that the bridge completed in 1957 could be used for another 50 years. I asked manager Zhang, how many years can Zhengzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge last? Teacher Zhang said confidently, besides the foundation of the bridge, its engineering environment is a factor, and the influence of climate should also be taken into account. Cement structure is afraid of freezing. Therefore, I said that Zhengzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge will be used for another 50 years.
2 1 century, the fourth bridge is being built on the Yellow River in Zhengzhou, which is an expressway bridge. When completed, this bridge is an important part of the Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, with eight lanes and a width of 42 meters, which is the highest of its kind in China. Because it is the Yellow River Highway Bridge, the construction unit called it Zhengzhou Second Yellow River Bridge, which is now open to traffic. After the Second Yellow River Bridge is opened to traffic, China's north-south highway artery will be smoother, and the highway hub will also be in Zhengzhou.
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Top Ten Famous Bridges in China
Shang Daiqing
Lugou Bridge is located at the southwest of Guang 'anmen in Beijing 10 km. Built in 1 189, it is a multi-arch stone bridge, about 265 meters long, with 24 1 watchposts, each of which is carved with lions.
Guangji Bridge is located outside the East Gate of Chaozhou City, Guangdong Province. It is a comprehensive traffic and commercial bridge in ancient China and the first large stone bridge with movable switch in the world. Known as "one mile long bridge and one mile city".
Wu Ting Bridge is located in Yangzhou Slender West Lake. The abutment is 12 bluestones of different sizes; The bridge is arched and coiled, and it is composed of three different coiled holes, *** 15 hole, which are connected with each other, and the pavilion is connected with the corridor between pavilions.
Anping Bridge is located in Anhai Town, Jinjiang, Fujian. The bridge deck is paved with seven large stone slabs, and there is a six-corner five-story brick Song Tower at the bridge head. It is the largest beam-type stone bridge in ancient China, and has the reputation of "the longest bridge in the world".
Zhao Zhouqiao, located on the Zhaoxian River in Hebei Province, is a single-hole stone arch bridge with a deck width of 10 meter, and 42 imitation boards on both sides are engraved with dragon and beast reliefs.
Crossbridge is located in Jinci, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. This bridge is cross-shaped. The whole bridge is supported by 34 pieces of iron-gray octagonal stones, and the top of the column is connected with the longitudinal and transverse beams by cypress arches, paving a cross deck.
Yufeng Bridge is located on Linxi River near Chengyang Village, Sanjiang County, Guangxi. It is a stone pier and shingle roof structure. Five tower-shaped pavilions were built on the bridge to avoid the wind and rain. The whole bridge is exquisite and strong, without a nail.
Tiesuo Bridge is located on the Dadu River in Luding County, Sichuan Province. Total length136m, width 3m. Tied to the cliffs on both sides by 13 bowls of thick chains. Among them, 9 chains are lined with wooden boards, which are the bridge deck, and the other 2 chains are on both sides of the bridge deck, which are handrails. Each chain weighs about 2000 kilograms.
Wuyin Bridge is located on the Shinto of Xiaoling in the emperor shunzhi, Dongling, Hebei. There are 126 calcite fences on both sides of the bridge deck, which can make a wonderful sound when knocking.
Dai Yuqiao is located in the Summer Palace in Beijing. Built with white stone, the arch ring is egg-pointed, and the bridge surface bends in two directions. The bridge is carved with white marble, with beautifully carved white railings and watchtowers on both sides. It has the reputation of "Fairy Island on the Sea".
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