Generally speaking, grapefruit often contains a special bitter taste, but its flesh is as sweet as honey and has a strong fragrance, so it has always been loved by many people. So now share the cultivation methods and conservation knowledge of grapefruit.
Cultivation method and maintenance knowledge alias of grapefruit 1;
Classification: shrub flowers
In the plant kingdom, angiosperms, dicotyledonous plants, rutaceae, rutaceae, citrus.
Flowering: April to May.
You Xiang, as its name implies, has a delicious taste and smell. Jiangyong You Xiang (Jiangyong Worker) is the most famous grapefruit. You Xiang is produced in Jiangyong County, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province. It is sweet in taste, fragrant in smell, excellent in variety and has a long history. It was used as a tribute in ancient times. This is due to the unique sandy soil, warm and humid climate, suitable natural environment, hard work of local people and the unique taste of rich pomelo.
Brief introduction of grapefruit
You Xiang, as its name implies, has a delicious taste and smell. Jiangyong You Xiang (Jiangyong Worker) is the most famous grapefruit. You Xiang is produced in Jiangyong County, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province. It is sweet in taste, fragrant in smell, excellent in variety and has a long history. It was used as a tribute in ancient times. This is due to the unique sandy soil, warm and humid climate, suitable natural environment, hard work of local people and the unique taste of rich pomelo.
Morphological characteristics of grapefruit
Wang Changling, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, left a famous sentence here: "Biejiang Building is drunk with oranges and pomelo". Tongzhi's "Records of Qianyang County" said that "the reality is complicated but the taste is different, and it is not comparable to other cities, so the old people contend for it." Its fruit is oval, yellow, thin and easy to peel, and the meat is multi-core. The valve is long kidney-shaped, 1 1- 15 valve, accompanied by sweet crystal granules. Juice is crisp and tender, sweet and slightly sour, clearing spleen and removing fire, which is the best in pomelo.
Rutaceae, with huge fruit, single fruit weight1kg ~1.5 kg; The fruit is shaped like a gourd or pear; Light yellow skin color and bright luster; There is a ring with the size of 1 copper coin in the center of the top of the fruit, which is called "money flower". Pomelo pulp is crystal clear as jade, the juice is crisp and tender, sweet and delicious, and rich in nutrition. It is naturally rich in selenium, and vitamin C and soluble solids rank first in grapefruit. Storage resistance, long-term maintenance of color and fragrance unchanged. It is regarded as a treasure in fruits and enjoys the reputation of "natural canned food".
Grapefruit distribution area
China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang and Sichuan are all cultivated, but Jiangyong County, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, China is the most famous.
Cultivation techniques of grapefruit
It is required that the soil layer is deep (60㎝) and fertile; The ph value of the soil is 5.5-7.0; The slope of the orchard is less than 25 degrees. When planning a garden, there should be necessary roads, irrigation and drainage, water storage and ancillary building facilities. In terms of specific planning, we should concentrate on one place as much as possible and build gardens in places with good traffic and water conditions.
time
Generally, it is planted after the autumn bamboo shoots mature in September-165438+10 or before the spring bamboo shoots germinate in February-March.
density
The planting density is 3m× 4m, and 55-60 plants are planted per mu.
Planting technique
Digging planting holes in the soil: pulling wires at regular intervals, digging planting holes with a depth of 80cm and a width of 80cm, then pressing green manure with a depth of 50cm, and backfilling the soil with a height of 40cm for planting; Ridge planting: 8 meters, 60-80㎝ wide and 40-60cm deep, with 2 ridges per grid (width 1.5m, center distance 4m, height 20-30cm).
When planting, the roots of seedlings should be trimmed appropriately, placed in the center of the planting hole, stretched and righted, and the seedlings should be gently lifted upward while filling the soil, so that the roots are closely connected with the soil. Water the roots, make a 1m tree tray around the seedlings, and cover it with chaff.
soil management
It is necessary to dig holes and solidify soil, prohibit planting tall plants such as corn and wheat in the garden, and do a good job in rational intercropping and intertillage weeding in the orchard.
Plastic trimming
The principle of adjusting measures to local conditions, pruning trees, proper promotion and suppression, ventilation and transparency, and three-dimensional results.
Do plastic surgery
The trunk is 20-40cm high, and the trunk branches (3-4 branches) are scattered on the trunk. The branching angle of the main branch is 30-50 degrees, and 2-3 auxiliary main branches are left on each main branch. Generally, after the third main branch is formed, the central trunk of this kind is cut off and twisted to one side to form a fruiting branch group.
decrease
(1) Young trees: mainly light pruning. After selecting the extension branches of the class center and the main branches and the extension branches of the auxiliary main branches, moderate or even severe pruning is carried out, and the growth balance among the main branches is adjusted according to the pruning degree and the direction of cutting buds. In addition to properly thinning the dense branches, the inner cavity branches and the weak branches in the middle and lower part of the crown should generally be retained.
(2) Initial fruiting stage: continue to select short cutting to treat the trunk extension branches at all levels, erase the summer shoots, and promote the autumn shoots to be robust. In autumn, measures such as ring cutting, root cutting and water control are taken to promote the flowering of Wangshu. (3) Full-fruiting period: the fruiting branches, falling branches and declining branches are retracted in time, and the light-blocking branches, dead branches and insect branches are cut off.
Control of grapefruit diseases
Strengthen the cultivation and management of anthracnose to prevent partial application of nitrogen fertilizer; In spring and summer, before new shoots germinate and fruits mature, mancozeb, cupric acid, zineb and chlorothalonil can be sprayed on the crown every 15 days for 3-4 times continuously.
root rot
Timely drainage, improve the lighting and ventilation conditions in the park, and strengthen the prevention and control of trunk pests such as longicorn beetles; Selecting disease-resistant rootstocks such as Fructus Aurantii, Fructus Aurantii Orange and tangerine, and replacing infected plants with disease-resistant rootstocks. Drug prevention: apply drugs after scraping the diseased spots. Commonly used drugs are carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl.
balance
Arrow scale, red wax scale, cotton scale. The key period of drug control: the first generation nymph stage of scale insects, the damage stage of a large number of terminal branches in the larval stage of scale insects (usually from early May to mid-June), and the peak period of scale insects. Commonly used drugs include buprofezin, methidathion, matrine+nicotine, levobuprofezin, oil emulsion and so on. Pay attention to improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the park; Protect and utilize natural enemies such as Japanese square beetles, red-lipped ladybugs, lacewings, golden aphids, Australian ladybugs and red ladybugs.
aphid
The killing rate of new shoots is 25%, and it should be sprayed immediately. Commonly used pesticides include chlordimeform, dimethoate and butachlor. Attention should be paid to the protection of ladybugs, Chrysopa grandis, Syrphidae, Aphididae, etc. Cut off the overwintering eggs and reduce the number of pests.
Leaf miner
The key period of control is the emergence of bamboo shoots in summer and autumn (mid-July). Wipe off the scattered new shoots in summer and autumn in time, and combine fertilizer and water management to promote the healthy and tidy new shoots of plants. Chemical control: spray new shoots every 7- 1-2cm for 2-3 times continuously. Commonly used pesticides are avermectin, cartap and cypermethrin.
Cerambycidae
From May to August, the adults of Anoplophora glabripennis and Anoplophora glabripennis were killed artificially at noon on sunny days, and the adults of Anoplophora glabripennis were killed in the evening; Remove eggs and newly hatched larvae in time and cut off damaged branches; Soak pesticides such as dimethoate in cotton or cotton yarn, then block the wormhole, and then seal the wormhole with soil to poison the larvae.
Bud maggot
When budding, methyl chloride powder, diazinon granules, etc. After selection, it is mixed with fine soil and sprinkled on the soil surface of the tree tray once every 7 days for 2-3 consecutive times; When the diameter of the bud is 2-3mm (white), spraying phosphorus and trichlorfon on the crown; Remove the damaged flower buds as soon as possible, and concentrate or boil them deeply; Deep digging in the garden soil in winter can kill some overwintering pests pupae.
Therapeutic or medicinal value of grapefruit
Hu Hua medical information and health diet information. Com is for reference only and cannot be used as a basis for diagnosis and medical treatment. Any health problems should be consulted by professional medical staff, and any diseases should be treated according to the doctor's advice. The ultimate flower protection task: love yourself, proceed from reality and follow the doctor's advice. For the disease, don't be careless, don't delay, don't give up hope, face it bravely, warm the silent world with love, and care for the inner flower field with your heart.
Cultivation methods and conservation knowledge of pomelo 2. Protection method
1. Substrate selection: Its root system is developed, and its requirements for soil are relatively high. The soil should be fertile, with good air permeability and water retention capacity, and it is not easy to accumulate water and waterlogging, and the humus content should reach more than 3%. Appropriate amount of bone meal can be applied as base fertilizer before planting, which is beneficial to its vigorous growth.
2, lighting management: it likes light, and it is best to breed in an environment with sufficient light. If planted in a bright room, it may only blossom and not bear fruit.
3. Nutrient management: In the young tree stage before fruiting, the root system of the plant is shallow and the ability to absorb nutrients is not strong. At this time, water and fertilizer management should be strengthened and thin fertilizer should be applied frequently. Spring bamboo shoot fertilizer in March, summer bamboo shoot fertilizer in May and winter fertilizer 1 1 month are all essential. It is best to give priority to applying organic nitrogen fertilizer to promote its vigorous growth, flowering and fruiting.
4. Temperature management: it is relatively cold-resistant, and the average temperature of origin is 17.5℃. If the ambient temperature is low in winter, it is necessary to take warm and cold-proof measures to help them spend the winter safely.
Second, feeding skills
1. Propagation method: Seeding or grafting can be used for propagation, in which grafting is the main method, preferably in March-June every year. After grafting, the soil should be kept moist as much as possible, and topdressing can be carried out after the scion draws out new leaves.
2. Pruning method: Its pruning can keep the leaves as much as possible. After flowering, the quantity should be properly controlled, and abnormal or dense flowers should be cut off in time, which can promote plant fruiting.
Third, the problem diagnosis and treatment
1, long spot: bacteria are easy to cause canker, which leads to rough plant surface and ulcer spots with a diameter of about three to five millimeters. Once found, the diseased branches and leaves should be cut off in time, the diseased fruits should be cleaned and burned on the spot, and the sulfur mixture should be sprayed reasonably according to the requirements of the instructions to eliminate the source of the disease.
2. Pests: Common pests include malignant leaf worms, red spiders and leafminers. , thus hurting the leaves. Attention should be paid to prevention and control during bamboo shoot picking, and pesticides should be used for spraying in time.
Four. Other issues
1. Location: It likes light, so it's best to cultivate it outdoors with plenty of sunshine. If you put it indoors, it may only bloom and not bear fruit.
2. Toxicity: non-toxic, its peel and leaves can be used as medicine, and can also be used to prepare aromatic essential oil, which has high practical value.