According to peach trees, they like light, their roots need high oxygen and their water resistance is poor. Peach vertical roots can penetrate deep into the soil, have certain drought tolerance characteristics, and like neutral and slightly acidic soil. It should be planted on sandy loam with loose soil and smooth drainage. Too sticky and fertile soil is easy to plant white trees, and gummosis and neck rot are more serious. At the same time, it is necessary to choose places with leeward and abundant sunshine, suburbs with no tall shade around, convenient drainage and irrigation, and convenient transportation. It is forbidden to build gardens in low-lying areas, places with high groundwater level and old Taoyuan. Mild saline-alkali land and clay land need to be improved before gardens can be built and trees planted. When building a shed on hills and slopes, it should be on the south slope facing the sun, and the width of terraced fields (shed room span) should be more than 6 meters. The back wall of solar greenhouse can rely on the back wall of terraced fields or the back edge of slopes. Before planting peach seedlings, soil can be improved before planting. Combined with deep tillage, 3000 kg of fully decomposed chicken manure or 4000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 100 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer were applied to each greenhouse, and the soil and fertilizer were mixed evenly.
(2) Planting density
Cultivation of peach trees in protected land with fixed planting density requires scientific use of land in limited space, so that peach trees can bear fruit and yield early and achieve high economic benefits. In protected cultivation, if the planting density is too small, the amount of technology in the early stage is small, the ground coverage is low and the yield is low, which will affect the economic benefits. If the planting density is too high, although there are many branches, high ground coverage and high yield in the early stage, the canopy is densely crowded and cannot grow in the later stage, which leads to serious lack of light and difficult management. At present, most peach trees are cultivated in high density in protected areas, and the early yield is increased by density. Common densities are 1m× 1m or 1m× 1.5m ... Wide row spacing: wide row 1m× 2m, narrow row1m×/m. High-density garden construction is the most effective way to increase the yield of the year. However, in the next few years, with the growth and formation of trees, how to prevent trees from being squeezed and having a lot of branches and leaves is a key problem. At present, two schemes are generally adopted: one is to plan close planting and thinning; The second is permanent close planting, with dense plants and branches. Either way, on the basis of strengthening fertilizer and water management, we should strengthen the management over summer, strengthen pruning during the growing period, and make it ventilated and transparent.
(3) Configuration of pollination trees
Most of the varieties selected for protected cultivation are self-pollination and self-pollination, and there is no need to configure pollination trees in theory. However, some varieties cultivated in the open air have higher self-pollination rate, and once cultivated in greenhouse, the self-pollination rate will be greatly reduced. In addition, some varieties have low self-pollination ability. Even if it is completely self-pollinated, the fruit setting rate can be greatly improved after cross-pollination. Production practice has proved that rational allocation of pollination trees is the best way to cultivate peach trees in greenhouse. Generally speaking, two or three varieties can be planted in each shed to prevent single varieties.
(4) Planting
Fixed-point trenching: according to the requirements of row spacing, a fixed planting ditch is dug after marking, generally the ditch is 60 cm deep and 80 cm wide. When excavating, the topsoil and subsoil are placed separately. When backfilling, the trench depth is 1/3 with the bottom, and then the topsoil and base fertilizer are mixed to fill the trench. After filling the ditch, pour water and sink.
Ridge cultivation: In order to control the excessive growth of trees and promote early flowering and high yield, the ridge cultivation system can be tried out in production. That is, after the topsoil and organic fertilizer are mixed evenly, the ridge direction is consistent with the row direction, the ridge height is 30 ~ 40 cm, and the ridge width is 40 ~ 50 cm. After ridging, peach seedlings are directly planted on high ridges.
Taoyuan can choose mature seedlings with full buds, thick branches and well-developed roots, or choose bud seedlings with well-developed roots (semi-mature seedlings). Practice has proved that peach trees can be easily shaped and remolded in gardens. On the basis of strengthening fertilizer and water management, through measures to promote flowers, not only trees were formed in that year, but also a large number of flower buds were formed, and higher yield and income could be obtained after the shed was closed in winter. After selecting seedlings, soak the roots for 24 hours before planting, then soak the roots with 0.3% copper sulfate 1 hour or spray the whole plant with 3 Baume lime-sulfur mixture, and wait for planting after disinfection.
The best planting period is the end of March and the beginning of April after the ground temperature rises in spring. Planting in autumn is not recommended. If you sow from the nursery in autumn, you should cover it with wet sand. When planting, plant the seedlings on the planned plot where the shed will be built or the open space in the shed. As for the growth of vegetables and other crops in greenhouse, nursery techniques can be used to build gardens, that is, peach seedlings can grow and develop in nutrient bags. After harvesting vegetable crops, immediately dig ditches (holes), and then transplant peach seedlings in nutrient bags into greenhouses or directly transfer them with bags. Pay attention to the transplanting time not later than the middle of June, otherwise it will affect the growth and development of seedlings and the formation of flower buds. When planting, dig a small hole (the size of the small hole is 30cm× 30cm× 30cm) in the established planting ditch, put the seedlings, keep the root system stretched, and water them after planting. Immediately after planting, it is aired and covered with plastic film to improve the survival rate.