(1) Cut a knife above the bud or leaf cluster and reach the xylem to promote the growth of branches. Bud carving is mostly carried out before germination. The function of bud carving is to improve the germination quality of lateral buds or foliage branches and increase the proportion of medium and long branches, which is beneficial to the whole and prevents baldness. Bud carving is limited to young trees and strong branches. In order to meet the needs of plastic surgery, only lateral buds or branches with good bud quality are selected for budding. Buds are carved early and deeply, and branches are generally thick; If the bud is carved late and lightly, the branches will be weak, which can be determined as needed. In addition, the cutting part should be above 0.5 cm, so that the opening angle of the extracted branches is large, otherwise it is easy to extract the branches with skin. (2) Branching, that is, opening the branch or the bottom corner of the main branch, is conducive to weakening the top advantage, relieving the tree potential or branch potential, increasing the number of short branches and promoting the formation of flower buds. In addition, it improves the lighting conditions in the crown cavity and prevents the bearing parts from moving outward. Because sweet cherry saplings grow vigorously, the bottom angle of the main branches is small, and the branches are upright, so it is necessary to pull the branches and open the corners.
Branching early is conducive to the early formation of fruiting branches, early fruiting and early harvest, and early branch opening should be carried out at the young tree stage. The pruning period is usually carried out after the sap begins to flow in spring or after the cherry is harvested. Because the branch angle of sweet cherry is small, it is easy to split when pulling branches, causing damage, and glue flows on the branches. Before pulling out the branches, shake the base of the big branches by hand to make them soft, avoid splitting, and make them easy to open. When pulling branches, attention should be paid to adjusting the position of main branches in crown space to make them evenly distributed, and auxiliary branches should be pulled to prevent overlapping and make rational use of tree space. (3) Core removal is to remove or cut off the tips of new shoots before lignification. Tapping is mainly used for increasing the number of branches or shaping of young trees or flourishing trees. By removing the core, we can control the vigorous growth of new shoots, increase the number of branches and branches, accelerate the expansion of crown, promote the transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, promote the growth of flower buds, help young trees bear fruit early and reduce the amount of pruning in winter.
Picking can be divided into early picking and growing picking. Early coring is usually carried out 7 ~ 8 days after flowering. Keep the shoots about 10 cm and take them out. After core removal, all buds except the top 1 middle branch can form short branches and axillary flower buds, which are mainly used for crown control and small fruit branches cultivation. Early pit removal can reduce the competition for nutrients between young fruit development and new shoot growth, and improve the fruit setting rate. Picking in the peak growth period is generally carried out from late May to late July. Leave 30 ~ 35 cm of vigorous branches, remove the rest and increase the number of branches. Continuous coring of young flourishing trees can promote the formation of short branches and early fruiting. When the tree is flourishing, it can be continuously cored, and after the end of July, the new branches are not full, which is easy to freeze or drain. (4) Twisting the new shoots. When the new shoots are semi-lignified, gently twist them by 90 degrees at the base of 4 ~ 5 leaves, which will damage the xylem and make the new shoots droop or grow horizontally. Mainly used in the doctrine of the mean and flourishing branches. The twisting time can be carried out from the end of May to the beginning of June. Twisting the shoot hindered the downward transportation of photosynthetic products and the upward transportation of water and inorganic nutrients, reduced the growth of the top of the branch, relatively enhanced the advantages of the lower part of the branch, made the lower part rich in nutrients, and was conducive to the formation of flower buds. Master the twisting time, twist the tip too early, and the new tip is tender and easy to break; Twisting the tip too late, the new tip has been lignified, hard and brittle, not easy to twist, too much force is easy to break. (5) Holding the tip by hand and stroking it gradually from the base to the top, so as not to break the xylem. The general picking time is from harvesting to the end of July. Its function is to slow down the growth of shoots, increase the number of branches and leaves, promote the formation of flower buds, and adjust the direction and angle of trunk branches of two-to three-year-old young trees.