strabismus refers to the situation that the visual axes of both eyes are not straight, and they are tilted inward, outward or up and down. Normal people's eyes should be positive and parallel. When looking at an object, the image of the object falls on the fovea of the macula of the retina of both eyes respectively, and then the images seen by both eyes are combined through the image fusion ability of the brain. Because the strabismus patient's eye position is not correct, when he pays attention to an object, the image of the object falls on the fovea of retina in normal eyes, and the strabismus eye falls outside the fovea, so that diplopia will occur. The image of one eye is suppressed, losing the single visual function and three-dimensional sense of both eyes, and some will lead to poor vision and amblyopia. Therefore, strabismus is not only an aesthetic problem, but more importantly, if it is not treated in time, it will often cause irreparable visual dysfunction and amblyopia. Strabismus can generally be divided into esotropia, exotropia and strabismus. (1) esotropia: commonly known as cross-eyed. The eye position is deviated inward. Clinically, it can be divided into congenital and acquired strabismus. Congenital esotropia occurs from birth to birth. The deflection angle is usually large. Acquired esotropia can be divided into accommodative and non-accommodative. Accommodative esotropia often occurs around 2-3 years old, usually accompanied by moderate and high hyperopia, or abnormal accommodation cohesion and accommodation ratio; Non-accommodative esotropia has nothing to do with accommodation and refractive state. (2) exotropia: that is, the deviation of eye position, which can be generally divided into intermittent and persistent exotropia. Intermittent exotropia is due to the patient's good image fusion ability. Most of the time, the eye position can be maintained in a normal position by the image fusion ability, and only occasionally when it is in the sun or when it is tired and careless, will the exotropia appear. Some children often close one eye in the sun to avoid diplopia caused by exotropia. Intermittent exotropia often develops into persistent exotropia, while occasional exotropia becomes persistent exotropia. (3) Up and down strabismus: that is, the eye position is tilted up or down, which is generally rare. Up and down strabismus is often accompanied by head skew. The treatment of strabismus varies according to the types of strabismus, and can generally be divided into surgical treatment and non-surgical treatment. (1) Surgical treatment is to adjust the strength of the external eye muscle and the position of the attachment point by surgery, so that the eye position tends to be normal. Congenital esotropia and up-and-down strabismus mostly need surgical treatment, and unadjusted strabismus with large inclination usually needs surgical correction. (2) Non-surgical treatment: Not all strabismus requires surgical treatment. If it is accommodative esotropia, it can be corrected by wearing appropriate hyperopia glasses or binoculars. If there are moderate and high refractive errors, glasses are often needed to correct them. In addition, axial correction training can be used to help the recovery of monocular vision and increase the ability of image fusion. For example, training with a visual axis correction training machine, or wearing prism lenses, etc. If there is amblyopia, amblyopia training is also an indispensable treatment.

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