1. The cultivated land area and crop planting area have been significantly reduced.

In recent years, my country's agriculture has seen a significant decrease in the area of ??cultivated land and planting area of ??crops. To sum up, there are mainly three reasons: First, in recent years, in order to protect the ecology, the Chinese government Environmentally friendly policies such as returning farmland to forests and returning farmland to grassland have led to a significant reduction in the planting area of ??crops in some areas of our country; secondly, due to the development of our country's national economy and people's living needs, new construction land has occupied a large amount of cultivated land Thirdly, due to the meager benefits that can be obtained from agricultural production at present, it has affected the enthusiasm of some farmers to engage in agricultural production. Some farmers in relatively wealthy areas of our country have voluntarily withdrawn from the agricultural production field, resulting in a lot of cultivated land being abandoned and reducing the number of agricultural products. Crop planting area.

2. It is difficult to make a big breakthrough in crop yields in the short term.

The yield of crops will be affected by soil conditions, fertilizer quality, irrigation conditions, seed quality, field management, climate conditions, agricultural production technology and natural disasters.

At present, there is an obvious shortage of farmyard fertilizers in most rural areas of my country. The long-term use of chemical fertilizers has caused large areas of land to become hardened and soil conditions have deteriorated, which is not conducive to crop growth.

Many farmland water conservancy facilities and farmland water conservancy infrastructure projects built by collective efforts during the People's Commune period of our country have been neglected for many years, and their functions have been weakened or even disappeared, making it difficult to be used in current agricultural production. play an important role in. Farmers are the main body of agricultural production in my country and the main organizational form of agricultural production in my country. Farmers of each household lack the ability to independently build large-scale water conservancy facilities. Therefore, agricultural irrigation conditions in some areas of our country have deteriorated and will not be improved in the short term.

In my country's relatively affluent southeastern coastal areas, agricultural income accounts for an increasingly smaller proportion of the entire family income. Agricultural income is no longer the main source of income for local farmers. Some farmers are not interested in crops. Field management is no longer as meticulous as before, which has had a certain negative impact on crop yields.

At present, agricultural production technology in most areas of our country has been relatively stable, and it is difficult to make major breakthroughs in the short term. In addition, many obstacles will be encountered when promoting new technologies. Therefore, in the short term, crop yields depend on agricultural production. Technology can hardly make a big difference.

Due to the influence of the El Ni?o phenomenon and the greenhouse effect, the number of disastrous weather events in our country has increased in recent years. Our country’s current loose, household-based agricultural organization has reduced the disaster prevention ability of our country’s agriculture to a certain extent. Disaster relief capabilities.

Therefore, we can believe that in the short term, it is difficult for my country's agricultural crop yields to make a major breakthrough.

3. The total output of agricultural products has a gradually decreasing trend.

Due to the substantial reduction in cultivated land area and crop planting area, it is difficult for my country's crop yields to make a major breakthrough in the short term, so the total output of my country's agricultural products will gradually decrease. According to statistics from relevant Chinese government departments, since 1999, my country's total grain output has generally shown a downward trend. Grain production decreased in 2000, continued to decrease in 2001, rebounded slightly in 2002, and then decreased again in 2003.

4. The prices of agricultural products will remain low for a long time.

Since the late 1990s, due to the continuous impact of the supply and demand relationship of agricultural products, the prices of my country's main agricultural products have continued to be depressed for a long time. In particular, the price of grain has dropped by 30% since 1997. As mentioned above, it was not until the second half of 2003 that the prices of some agricultural products rebounded. However, the current prices of major agricultural products have still not reached the price levels at the end of the last century.

5. The price and quality problems of agricultural production materials have become increasingly prominent.

Currently, the agricultural production materials used by farmers in my country mainly include seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, diesel, agricultural films, agricultural machinery, and irrigation water and electricity. In recent years, the prices of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, diesel and agricultural machinery have generally risen in my country's agricultural input market, increasing the direct production costs of agricultural products.

In recent years, the quality of major agricultural production materials such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural machinery has been worrying. Incidents of inferior and counterfeit agricultural production materials that defraud farmers are common, seriously disrupting my country's normal agricultural production. Order has a very bad impact on farmers' production and life.

6. The tax burden on farmers is heavy in most areas.

At present, the types of taxes that farmers in our country should pay include agricultural taxes, agricultural specialty taxes, slaughter taxes and "three mentions and five unifications". The "three mentions" are "provident fund, public welfare fund, and management fees"; the "five unifications" refer to the "five overall arrangements", including education surcharges, family planning fees, militia training fees, civil affairs preferential treatment fees, and private transportation fees. The three types of taxes, agricultural tax, agricultural specialty tax and slaughter tax, do not account for a large proportion of the total amount of taxes and fees that farmers should pay, and their collection in various places is relatively standardized.

However, my country's current urban and rural tax systems are very different. Compared with workers, farmers have a heavier tax burden. Workers only begin to pay personal income tax when their wage income exceeds 800 yuan. The threshold is relatively high, while the threshold for agricultural taxes is zero. , Unless farmers encounter major natural disasters and agricultural products have a serious harvest failure, the government will implement agricultural tax reduction and exemption policies. Under normal circumstances, farmers must pay taxes in accordance with the provisions of tax laws. The cost of the "three mentions and five unifications" is relatively high, accounting for a large proportion of the total amount of taxes and fees that farmers should pay, and their implementation is not standardized in various places. Local governments and village committees in some areas have seriously violated relevant national policies and regulations, created clever names, and assessed fees to farmers without authorization, infringing on farmers' legitimate rights and interests and increasing their burdens. Although the central government has repeatedly issued orders requiring local governments to strengthen management and strictly prohibit arbitrary assessments and charges from farmers, arbitrary charges occur from time to time and are repeatedly banned. No wonder some farmers use the phrase "the first tax is light, the second tax is heavy, and assessment is a bottomless pit" to describe my country's current situation. The tax situation in rural areas. In some areas, the collection of taxes and fees was very irregular in the past. In order to facilitate their own collection and management, the slaughter tax was allocated based on the head of the farmer's family. There is a farmer in the author's hometown who has never married a wife because of his poor conditions. He has to pay family planning fees and education surcharges to the village committee even if he is alone, which sounds very unreasonable.

7. The production cost of agricultural products has increased.

In recent years, due to the increase in prices of major agricultural production materials, farmers' tax burden has increased, resulting in an increase in the production cost of agricultural products.

8. Farmers’ agricultural income has generally decreased.

In recent years, as the prices of major agricultural products have been sluggish, the total output of agricultural products has decreased, the prices of major agricultural production materials have increased, and the tax burden on farmers has increased. Generally speaking, most areas of our country have Farmers' agricultural income has generally decreased.

9. It is difficult for farmers’ non-agricultural income to increase significantly in the short term if they rely on their own strength.

For most farmers in most areas of our country, farmers' non-agricultural income mainly includes forestry income, animal husbandry income, sideline income, fishery income, savings income and wages of family members working outside the home. income.

Under the current economic and technical conditions of our country, the development of forestry, animal husbandry, sideline industry or fishery production in many areas of our country will be affected by a series of factors such as local natural conditions, climate, capital, technology and marketing environment. restrictions, relatively large results may be achieved in the short term in some areas with conditions. But for most farmers in most areas of our country, it is difficult to make a big breakthrough in the short term.

The income of most farmers in most areas of our country is very meager. In recent years, the cost of housing, children's education and medical care has been very high. The deposit base of farmers in banks is relatively small. In addition, in recent years, banks have The interest rate on deposits is very low, and interest tax is still required. The savings income of ordinary farmers' families is very low.

Compared with the early days of reform and opening up, the conditions for farmers in my country to work in cities have deteriorated. First, it is difficult to find jobs, second, wages are low, and third, it is difficult to get money. It is impossible for farmers' families to significantly increase their family income through family members going out to work under current social conditions.

From the above analysis, it is not difficult to see that for most farmers in most areas of our country, it is difficult for farmers' non-agricultural income to increase significantly in the short term by relying on their own strength.

10. The income of farmers is low, and the income gap between urban and rural areas is widening.

According to statistics from my country's authoritative departments, the urban-rural per capita income ratio was 2.72:1 in 1995, 2.92:1 in 2001, 3.1:1 in 2002, and 3.2:1 in 2002. From 1997 to the present, the per capita net income of farmers has grown at an average annual rate of less than 4%, but during this period the disposable income of urban residents has grown at an average annual rate of 8%. Taking into account the various benefits enjoyed by urban residents, This is a welfare factor. The income gap between urban and rural areas is too large. Farmers' labor efforts are not proportional to their income. Most farmers, who account for 63% of my country's population, together with laid-off people, unemployed people and retired workers in cities and towns, have become the mainstay of our country's current society. vulnerable groups.

11. The income gap between farmers in different regions is gradually widening.

Due to the multiple influences of natural conditions, resource conditions, government policies, industrial structure, product structure, capital funds, production technology, market conditions, commercial agriculture, contract agriculture, township enterprises and ideas, my country’s current Farmers in the southeastern coastal areas and areas surrounding cities are generally wealthier than farmers in the central and western regions, and the income gap between farmers in different regions is gradually widening.

12. The existing distribution method of farmland is not conducive to the development of agricultural production.

When allocating land to farmers in many areas of our country, in order to be as fair, just and reasonable as possible and reduce farmers’ opinions, the village committee divided neat farmland into pieces based on the quality and location of the farmland. It is evenly distributed into many strips, resulting in a situation where the total area of ??farmland owned by farmers is not large, but is too scattered, and each farmland is very small, which is not conducive to farming and field management. The use of large agricultural machinery The role cannot be effectively played.

13. It is very difficult to promote advanced agricultural production technology in rural areas.

At present, it is very difficult to promote advanced agricultural production technology in rural areas of our country. This can be summed up mainly for the following four reasons. One is that farmers in most rural areas of our country still use the methods passed down by their ancestors. Traditional methods are used in agricultural production, and the promotion of advanced agricultural production technology is affected by the force of habit. Secondly, most farmers in our country have relatively low education, poor cultural quality, and weak ability to accept new things. When engaged in agricultural production, People are accustomed to imitating others and following the crowd on a series of issues such as what to plant, how much to plant, and how to plant. It is difficult to make scientific decisions. Thirdly, there is currently an acute shortage of rural agricultural technicians in most areas of our country, which has a great impact on farmers' daily agricultural work. Production activities lack necessary technical assistance and guidance, and farmers lack systematic agricultural production knowledge training; finally, the agricultural production cycle is relatively long, and the results of agricultural production are affected by many factors. The promotion of any advanced agricultural production technology The time required is relatively long, and its benefits are difficult to clearly show in the short term, which creates obstacles to the promotion of advanced agricultural production technologies.

14. There are few non-agricultural employment opportunities for farmers, and it is difficult to effectively transfer the surplus rural labor force on a large scale.

At present, there are four main ways for my country’s rural surplus labor force to transfer to non-agricultural fields: going to college, joining the army, working in cities, and working in township and village enterprises.

After all, the children of farmers who can go to college or join the army and stay in the army for long-term work are only a minority, and they will not play a big role in the transfer of the rural surplus labor force to non-agricultural fields.

Many cities in my country currently have many discriminatory restrictions on farmers moving to cities to work. Although our government has begun to pay attention to and address the issue of migrant workers, it is difficult to compare the conditions for farmers moving to cities to work in the short term. Big improvement. It is difficult for farmers to find jobs and make money when they go to cities to work. Objectively, many women from good rural families provide escort services in the entertainment and service industries in cities, which affects social customs and the construction of spiritual civilization.

The sudden emergence of township and village enterprises in many areas along the southeastern coast and central my country has provided good employment opportunities for many farmers and their children, and promoted the transfer of surplus agricultural labor. However, in the western region of my country and remote and underdeveloped areas, due to limitations of capital, technology or ideas, township and village enterprises are very underdeveloped, making it difficult to arrange employment for most of the rural surplus labor force.

From the above analysis, we can easily see that there are few non-agricultural employment opportunities for farmers, and it is difficult to effectively transfer the surplus rural labor force on a large scale.

15. The quality of village cadres in some areas is relatively poor, and the relationship between cadres and the masses is relatively tense.

According to the provisions of the Organic Law of Villagers’ Committees in my country, rural villagers’ committees in my country are directly elected by all villagers with the right to vote, which improves the ability of farmers to participate in and discuss politics and provides a certain institutional guarantee for the quality of village cadres. . However, due to various reasons in some areas, the quality of village cadres is relatively low, their policy concepts are very poor, they lack appeal, they lack awareness of service to villagers, their work style is simple and crude, and they often conflict with farmers on family planning and tax collection issues. Some even infringed on the legitimate rights and interests of farmers, and the relationship between cadres and the masses was tense, which affected the government's good image among farmers.

16. The further development of township enterprises has encountered severe challenges in capital, technology and management.

In the 1990s, my country's township enterprises and other non-public enterprises in rural areas emerged suddenly. The comparative advantages of price and system greatly promoted the rapid development of township enterprises. At present, with the gradual expansion of the scale of foreign investment introduced into our country, the gradual establishment of foreign capital and Sino-foreign joint ventures, and the deepening of the modern enterprise system reform of state-owned enterprises, township and village enterprises have encountered severe challenges in terms of capital scale, advanced production technology, and modern management concepts. Some township and village enterprises are lingering in the same place, unable to become bigger and better, and find it difficult to seek further development.

17. Rural infrastructure construction needs to be strengthened urgently.

Due to historical reasons, my country's rural areas have provided large-scale primitive accumulation funds for the development of my country's industrialization, promoted the improvement of urban infrastructure, and promoted the process of my country's industrialization. However, my country's rural infrastructure construction is different from that of cities. Seriously lagging behind in comparison, public service facilities such as transportation, communications, electricity, water supply, heating, radio and television, culture and entertainment, education, medical care, and sanitation are far from being able to meet the material and cultural needs of the vast number of rural residents. The development of rural economy and the improvement of farmers' living standards have had considerable negative impacts.