1, rectangular planting: row spacing is greater than plant spacing. Its advantages are good ventilation and light transmission, convenient operation and favorable intercropping, and it is the most common application in production at present.
2. Square planting: the spacing between plants is equal. Thus, the light distribution is uniform, which is beneficial to the development of crown and convenient for vertical and horizontal farming in peach orchard. The disadvantage is that it is easy to be crowded in the case of dense planting and the yield is not good in the early stage of sparse planting.
3. Triangular planting: two adjacent rows of plants are arranged in a triangle. This kind of planting and using land is more economical. Disadvantages are inconvenient operation, poor illumination and dense crown.
4. Contour planting: mostly used in mountains, terraces and ditches. That is to say, peach trees are not necessarily arranged in a straight line, but planted along contour lines, and adjacent two rows are not on the same horizontal plane, but the original distance in the rows should be kept equal.
Plain area is different from hilly area, people choose different planting methods according to planting area and variety's preference for light, and planting method is the primary condition for high yield of peach.
Second, the planting density of peach
Depending on the soil, shaping methods and varieties. Peach trees like light, and their nature is suitable for proper sparse planting. However, at present, many new crown control techniques are in use, which requires that the density of early fruit should be increased, mostly 3× 4m or 2× 4m, under the condition of high yield. However, after planting for 4 ~ 5 years, the fruit quality was affected due to the high density. In order to improve the early yield, quality and easy operation, it is suggested to change it to 2×5 meters or 2×6 meters in the future. This method has been widely used abroad. Before high-density cultivation of peach trees, we should do a good job in seed selection, follow the principle of adjusting measures to local conditions, and select high-quality and high-yield peach varieties with strong stress resistance and pest resistance in combination with local climate, temperature and humidity, rainfall, market demand and other factors, and at the same time meet the requirements of high fruit setting rate and rapid tree growth.
Thirdly, the land selection and preparation of peach trees.
Selecting land and preparing soil is a very important work before peach cultivation. Fruit farmers should attach great importance to land selection and choose land with high terrain, flat, loose and breathable, and rich in organic matter. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that there are no tall trees around to block the light, and the soil pH value is 6~6.5. If the soil pH value of the selected plot is not suitable, plant ash should be used to improve the soil. In addition, in order to ensure the convenience of water supply and drainage and transportation of the selected plots, the most important thing is to ensure sufficient light, ensure the normal photosynthesis of peach trees and meet the needs of fruit growth. After land selection, soil preparation should be carried out, and the soil should be deeply turned and aired to kill germs and eggs in the soil and clean up weeds and litter in the field. When preparing soil, sole fertilizer should be applied, and the base fertilizer should be fully decomposed and fermented farm organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. Under normal circumstances, 37 tons of fully decomposed fermented organic fertilizer and 750 kilograms of compound fertilizer can be applied per hectare to improve soil fertility and lay a good foundation for high-density cultivation and growth of peach trees.
Fourth, the peach planting period.
Spring and autumn are the seasons for planting trees every year. There are two main types of peach tree planting. One is spring seed, which can be planted after the soil is thawed and before germination. The other is autumn planting, which can be carried out after the peach leaves fall and before the soil freezes. Autumn planting method is suitable for bud seedlings, and can be planted in spring or autumn. No matter whether spring planting method or autumn planting method is adopted, the planting density should be strictly controlled.
Five, peach planting method
First, dig the planting hole, the size of the planting hole is 80cm3, which can be appropriately increased to 100cm3 in sandy wasteland. When digging a pit, the topsoil and subsoil should be separated, and the pit should be straight and cylindrical, with the same size from top to bottom, not the bottom of the pot. Before planting, the topsoil is filled into the pit, and then 25-35 kilograms of organic fertilizer is filled, mixed with the soil, evenly stirred and compacted to make steamed bread. When planting seedlings, the roots should be stretched and the joints should face the windward direction to prevent wind folding.
It is best to face the windward side when planting, so that the wind is not easy to break the new buds. The planting depth should be at the level of root neck (that is, the junction of seedling root system and ground in nursery) and ground. Seedlings with low grafting position, especially sprouts, must make the grafted buds 5 cm above the ground. If they are planted too deep, they will be buried in the soil, which will affect their survival.
The mating interface of seedlings should be higher than the ground, and the planting depth is too deep, which affects the growth of trees and delays the fruiting; Too shallow planting, exposed roots, affecting survival. When planting seedlings, first straighten the seedlings, then cover the soil, cover half of the soil, raise the seedlings, make the roots fully fit the soil without gaps, and then seal the soil. After planting, cultivate the soil around the seedlings into tree trays, and immediately water the roots to soak them thoroughly. When the water seeps down, cover it with soil, flush with the ground. After planting irrigation, loosen the soil in time to ensure survival.
VI. Functional Requirements of Peach Tree Planting Area for Previous Crops
Peach trees are very sensitive to continuous cropping. After continuous cropping, it is often manifested as weak growth, gummosis, short life span, low yield, and even sudden death after several years of growth. If the previous crops in the garden were stone fruit trees such as peaches, apricots, plums and cherries. It is easy to cause the lack of soil nutrients, the accumulation of soil pests and diseases, and the hydrocyanic acid produced by the decomposition of root residues such as amygdalin poisons the peach root system and causes death. Therefore, the newly-built Taoyuan should avoid planting stone fruit trees as much as possible.