Legend has it that during the human reproduction, the water god and the fire god Zhu Rong suddenly went to war. They hit the ground from the sky, causing trouble everywhere. As a result, Zhu Rong won and refused to work. In a rage, I ran into an island. No island cracked, the pillar between heaven and earth broke, the sky fell in half, and a big hole appeared. The ground was also sunk into a series of big cracks, the mountains were burned, floods poured out of the ground, and dragons, snakes and beasts also came out to devour the people. Mankind is facing an unprecedented disaster.
Nu Wa felt great pain when she witnessed such a bizarre disaster, so she decided to mend the sky and end the disaster. She selected all kinds of five-colored stones, put them on the fire and melted them into slurry, filled the incomplete hole in the sky with this slurry, and then cut off the four feet of a turtle as four pillars to support half the collapsed sky. Nu Wa also captured and killed the black dragon who killed the people, and stopped the arrogance of the dragon and snake. Finally, in order to prevent floods, Nuwa also collected a large number of reeds, burned them into ashes and buried them in the floods that spread everywhere.
Through the efforts of Nu Wa, the sky was finally filled up, the ground was filled up, the water stopped, the dragons, snakes and beasts disappeared, and the people lived a happy life again. But after all, this catastrophic disaster left its mark. Since then, the sky is still tilted to the northwest, so the sun, the moon and the stars naturally turn to the west, and because the earth is tilted to the southeast, all the rivers gather there.
The historical secret hidden in myth: the goddess of mending the sky
"said nuwa, refining the sky-filling stone, and chiseling it into a stone twelve feet square and twenty-four feet square on the big barren hills and cliffs, with 36,501 pieces. The emperor only spent 36,500 yuan, only one piece was useless and was abandoned at the foot of the ridge. "
This is the origin of the first story told at the beginning of A Dream of Red Mansions. Jia Baoyu is a stone abandoned at the foot of Geng Qingshan and cannot be used to mend the sky.
one
The legend of Nu Wa's refining stones to make up the sky has a long history, and it is recorded in Liezi Year, Huainanzi Year, Lunheng Year and Ji Year.
As Liezi Tang asked, "Heaven and earth are also things. When things were insufficient, Nu Wa used five-color stone refining to make up for her own shortcomings. The broken rock is enough to make four poles. * * * After contending with Zhuan Xu for the emperor, Gong was furious and lost Tianzhu and Jedi dimension, so the sky turned to the northwest and the sun, moon and stars were in the horizon. Dissatisfied with the southeast, there are hundreds of rivers. "
PS: Liezi, whose real name is Kou, also known as Yukou, was born in the early Warring States period, between Laozi and Zhuangzi, and was regarded as a real person in Taoism.
Year: The four poles in ancient times were abandoned, Kyushu was split, the sky was not covered, and the ground was not contained. The fire was burning, but it didn't go out. The water is boundless, and the sea is boundless. Beasts prey on people, and birds prey on the old and the weak. So nuwa refined five-color stones to make up the sky, broke four pillars, killed the black dragon to help Jizhou, and accumulated reed ash to stop lewd water. Heaven makes up, four poles are positive, dirty water dries up, Jizhou is flat, cunning insects die, and people's livelihood is destroyed.
In the year of Huainanzi's visit to ghost training, after The goddess patching the sky, there was another incident of * * * workers' anger, and Liezinian also had this story.
Years: "In the past, I competed with Zhuan Xu for the son of heaven. In a rage, it was unlucky to touch the mountain and the sky was broken. " The sky leans to the northwest, so the sun, the moon and the stars move; Dissatisfied with the southwest, the water is muddy and dusty. "
Huainanzi and Huainanzi are the same in astronomical training, but slightly different. Liezi said, "The sky is northwest, and the sky is northwest."
By comparison, we can see that the so-called "Tianzhu Fold, the earth is unique" is actually that innate gossip evolved into the acquired gossip, and the acquired gossip should have been produced in the period of * * * and Zhuan Xu.
Are you dissatisfied with the southeast or southwest? According to the gossip the day after tomorrow, the record in Huainanzi Southwest Year is correct.
It should be noted that some scholars believe that the anger of * * * workers is the antecedent of the goddess of mending heaven, but from the above quotation, we can know that * * * workers appeared after Nu Wa in Liezi Year, and these are two unrelated stories in Huainan Zi Year.
However, the two stories of Huainanzi, The Sky is not Full, The Earth is not Full and the Sky is Broken, and The Earth is Boundless, look very similar, so someone put them together.
The so-called "* * * public anger can't climb the mountain", first of all, there is a goddess to fill the sky, which is the Lang Lang match of Wang Chong in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Years: "* * * workers and Zhuan Xu fought for the emperor in an invincible position. In a rage, they touched a failed mountain, and the sky would fall. Nuwa refined five-color stones to fill the sky, and the gravel was enough to make four poles. There are few days in the northwest, the sun, the moon and the stars move, there are few places in the southeast, and rivers are rivers.
In the Tang Dynasty, Sima Cheng also thought that * * * workers were ahead of Nu Wa, but * * * workers did not compete with Zhuan Xu, but with Zhu Rong.
"Nuwa surname is feng. At the end of his reign, Gong Shi, a warlord, punished him with wisdom and took hegemony as king. Carrying wood with water is to fight Zhu Rong, but I can't touch the island. Collapse, Tianzhu fold, lack of land. Nuwa refined five-color stones to make up the sky, broken stones to set up four pillars, and collected reed ash to help Jizhou in deep water. "
Aside from the details, the core of these records about Nu Wa's refining stones and mending the sky is the same:
One is to refine five-color stones to make up the sky,
Second, breaking Ao Bai is enough to make quadrupole.
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As we know, a year has 365 days. To be precise, there are 365.422 days in a year.
Of course, the data of the ancients were not so accurate, but the calendar was used at the latest in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, with 365 1/4 days a year, named after this season.
In other words, a quarter calendar year has 365.25 days, which is 0.0075 days away from our modern accurate calculation value, that is, one year 10.8 minutes. Is it accurate?
Ten minutes a year sounds trivial. In other words, is a penny negligible? Say a penny, 35 cents is often erased, so are buyers and sellers.
Okay, say a penny. According to the estimated data of the United Nations Population Fund, 20 1 1, 10, 3 1, the global population reaches 7 billion; According to the data of the World Bank, the global population will reach 7.26 billion in 20 14. Let's call it 7 billion. If a person gives you a penny, you will have 70 million in an instant.
Similarly, ten minutes a year, one hour every six years, 144 a day, 1440 ten days.
Confucius was born in 55 1 year BC, and it has been 2568 years now. If we still follow the quarter calendar of Confucius at that time, our time will be 18 days slower than the standard year, which is reflected in the solar terms. We thought it was the summer solstice, but in fact it has surpassed the heat.
The summer solstice is the longest day in a year. Therefore, some people have nothing to watch the sunrise and sunset every day, and they will find out how the sun leaves work early.
What does this have to do with me?
Well, it's nothing, but you know, there are countless descendants. 14000, a difference of 100 days, and 2000, a difference of 6 months. At that time, the Spring Festival will be celebrated under the scorching sun.
Well, it still seems none of my business. I will live for a hundred years, after ten thousand years, hehe.
So, what if this phenomenon is shortened to forty or fifty years?
For example, there were 365.2422 days in the previous year, and now our calendar stipulates that there are 360 days in a year. So, if you remove the score, there are still five days left in a year.
It's already halfway through.
Mobile phone is fine, almanac is fine, eyes are fine. There must be something wrong with the sky.
From the visual and artistic point of view, it is-the sky will fall.
The so-called mending the sky is to modify the calendar and adjust the 360 days in a year to 365 days in a year.
Nu Wa was refined into a five-color stone to fill the sky, and the image of the five-color stone came from five days.
So Fuxi painted eight diagrams to make a nail calendar, which was about 360 days at that time. If this calendar took at most 40 years, it would be a big mistake, and then it was observed by Nu Wa that it increased by 5 days on the original basis.
360 days a year, it only takes 40 years at most to reverse the hot and cold. Therefore, if Fuxi and Nuwa are not synonymous with tribes but two specific people, then they must live in the same era.
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In "Goddess of Mending Heaven", the sky was adjusted to 365 days a year later, which was almost the same as the actual length of 365.2422 days in the tropical year. However, as mentioned above, a slight difference will become a big problem after being amplified in the accumulation of time.
There are 365 days in a year, which is 0.2422 days less than the actual return, nearly one day less than four years, 100 days less than four hundred years, and 200 days less than eight hundred years. A strange phenomenon will appear. You can skate in summer and spend the summer in winter.
What should I do? Just like the goddess mending the sky, the calendar has to be adjusted again.
According to Huai Nan Zi Nian, why was he appointed? He is like the sky, the sun, the moon and the stars. When he paid tribute to others, the emperor said, "I'm sorry!" Xihe River gathers rivers. There are six days in 360 days, and four o'clock in leap month is a mature year. I have done a lot of work in Xianxi and have achieved great results. "
When Yao was young, he arranged and observed the constellations of the sun, moon and stars, and made a calendar. "There are six days in 360 days", and there are 366 days in a year, not 366 days in a year. Because "leap month is set at four o'clock", there has been a method to set leap since then, which has been used ever since.
PS: Ancient years and years are two concepts. To avoid complexity, it is best to understand them by year.
Of course, with the continuous improvement of observation technology and accuracy, this adjustment will not wait until the real winter and summer inversion occurs, otherwise the so-called goddess will appear in history.
There are 365 days in a year, and 400 years will be nearly less than the return 100 days. The actual phenology and solar terms in the calendar have obviously deviated, and this abnormal change is enough to make the ancients realize that the calendar needs to be adjusted again. So the time from the goddess to Yaochi should be 3500 years apart.
As for how to calculate the 366-day leap year in Yao dynasty, it is still unknown, but it is certain that the more accurate calendar adjusted this time can take longer, and any adjustment will be fine-tuned afterwards. By the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the calendar had been accurate to 365 and 1/4 days. Later, in the Yuan Dynasty, Guo Shoujing calculated that a year was 365.2425 days, which was almost the same as the modern accurate value of 365.2422 days.