Lizitu
Liezi, according to legend, was originally written by Liezi, with 20 articles. According to textual research, Liezi is not an original work, but was compiled by Zhang Zhan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty with annotations. The book is divided into eight chapters, namely Tian Rui, Huangdi, Zhou Muwang, Zhong Ni, Tang Wen, Li Ming, Yang Zhu and Fu Shuo. The rest of the chapters have been lost. Every article left behind has many philosophical fables, which teach people a lot about being a man. In the Tang Dynasty, Liezi was named Xu Chong Zhen Jing and Liezi himself was named Xu Chong Zhen Jing. Liezi is a Taoist classic, and its writing style is similar to that of Zhuangzi, which contains many fables, folk stories, myths and legends. Many of them depict the wonders of the fairy world and supernatural stories of god and man. Such fairy tales provide material for Taoism, which advocates cultivating immortals. Among them, "Liezi? Teller ","Liezi? " "Example, Tang Wen? The emperor, etc. Teach people to persevere, grasp the law, teach people to study hard and be positive. Their thoughts have influenced generations.
In fact, there are many versions of Liezi, and the writing process of Liezi probably has three stages: first, Liezi and his disciples wrote it according to Liezi's words and deeds. Second, the history of Hanshu. Yi Wen Zhi was written in the Han Dynasty. Third, according to the information, Zhang Zhan sorted out the fragmentary books. And according to the records of Hanshu, Liezi was compiled today, in which you can see many words and thoughts of Wei and Jin Dynasties.
In ancient times, in order to show respect for thinkers, people used to add "Zi" after them, such as Zhuangzi and Mencius. Liezi studied under Guan Yinzi, Hu Qiuzi and Zhi Bo Gaozi. He is another representative figure of Taoist thought besides Laozi and Zhuangzi.
Liezi statue
Liezi is a low-key person and concentrates on learning knowledge in Zheng State. As the saying goes, "Liezi lived in Zhengpu, and people were ignorant for forty years". Liezi, compiled by him, is the representative work of the early Huang family, including Two Children Fighting for Japan, A Fool Moves a Mountain, Ji Chang Learning Shooting, etc., all of which are well-known fables. Two of the children's debate days are listed in the primary school textbooks, so it can be said that everyone knows. Many people are familiar with Liezi's fables, but they are not familiar with Liezi. His real name "Lieyukou" is not even known.
There are few stories about Liezi in history, just because he really abandoned the secular world and devoted himself to learning Taoism. Few thinkers have such principles. He is a scholar who really deserves people's respect and love. His own famous deeds have two points, one is that the rich and the poor are motionless, and the other is flying against the wind. Liezi is knowledgeable, has a high standard of life and is noble in thought and morality. Liezi was poor all his life, often hungry and cold, and his body was thin. Others explained Liezi's situation to Prime Minister Ziyang, and Yiyang of Zheng sent someone to send him food, but Liezi refused. Ziyang was killed soon, and Liezi would have been implicated if he had accepted food at that time. And Liezi learned to fly against the wind from Huqiuzi, which was a sensation at that time.
Liezi's famous saying is: "Therefore, wisdom is precious, and saving me is precious;" Force is cheap, aggression is cheap. However, my body is not my own, I want to be born, so I want to eat. " "I am sad, I am happy. "Can't go in name, also can't go to the guest. However, the wicked husband saved his life and was tired. Being tired of keeping your name, putting your T-shirt in danger and not saving it, is it just between joy and sadness? " "The sky is short and the earth is strong, and saints sometimes block it, and things sometimes go smoothly."
Liezi was a nationality of Zheng in the Warring States Period, and was also named in the Jade Mouth. According to historical records, Liezi lived in seclusion for forty years in Zheng, and devoted himself to studying Taoism, regardless of his career and vanity, and completed his masterpiece Liezi, which was more than 100,000 words long. Liezi left a glorious stroke for the long river of China's thought and culture, and his thoughts influenced countless talents.
Warring States map
Zheng was one of the vassal states in the early Warring States. In 806 BC, he was named Zheng Henggong. Zhengdi originally belonged to Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province, and later changed to Shaanxi Huahua, and moved to Xinzheng, Henan Province during the Zhou Pingwang period.
In 77 1 BC, Zheng Henggong was killed by a dog Rong, and then moved to Xinzheng, where the three places meet. During the period of Zheng Zhuanggong, Zheng had reached a powerful position. When Zhou saw Zheng's growing power, he wanted to break it, which led to Zheng Zhuanggong's dissatisfaction. So there was a conflict with Zhou, and Zheng was defeated one after another in the Battle of Gezhi. Then it was several times that of other vassal States, making Zheng the most powerful vassal state at that time. After his death, his son competed for the throne, and Zheng began to fall into chaos. Since then, Zheng has turned from prosperity to decline. In 375 BC, South Korea captured Zheng and Zheng perished. Zheng has a history of 432 years and has had 20 monarchs.
Liezi There are many fables in Liezi written by Zheng, such as Worrying about the Heaven, The Fool Moves the Mountain, Chasing the Sun, etc. These stories are household names, and Liezi is also the pride of the people in his hometown. Liezi was buried in Zheng after his death. Although it has changed for thousands of years, Liezi's present cemetery is still located in the fief of Zheng State, and Liezi himself is considered to have returned to his hometown.
Liezi's works include Liezi, named Xu Chongzhen Mirror because of the appearance of Taoism in Han Dynasty. It is a book of Taoist wisdom, and Liezi himself was named "Xu Chong Zhen Jing" when he was in Emperor Taizong. This book carries forward Huang Lao's Taoist thought, which can enlighten people and give them enlightenment and wisdom.
Liezishu
This book is rich in content, including fables, philosophical essays and fairy tales. There are only eight books left. But at the beginning of the book, there are 20 articles100000 words. These eight articles were collected by * * *, and the rest have been lost in the long river of history. These eight articles are: Tian Rui, Zhong Ni, Tang Wen, Yang Zhu, Fu Shuo, Huangdi, Zhou Muwang and Mo Lifeng.
Liezi's works promote Huang Lao's thoughts. He lived in seclusion for 40 years and finished Liezi all his life. Liezi's decades in Zheng during this period were not well-known and secular, which made many people wonder who Liezi was. So there are not many stories about Liezi, and he also exists like a god. In Zhuangzi, there are many legends about Liezi.
Liezi contains many works that educate the people and preach the truth, such as Xueshe in Liezi, Xueshe in Chang, Xuexie in Xue Tan, which admonishes people not only to know why, but also to know why. We should study hard, practice hard and strive for perfection. We should not only know superficial knowledge, but also learn endlessly. Gong Yu Yishan warned us to be persistent and never give up halfway. When you encounter difficulties, you should face them, overcome them and don't run away. In addition, there are many reasons, such as crossing the road to death, worrying for nothing, two children fighting for the sun, and Kuafu chasing the sun, which all contain great truth, are spiritual wealth that people should cherish and indispensable spiritual food for people.
Liezi Hypothesis Liezi Hypothesis is written by Nan. He explained Liezi's stories in reverse order, and then expounded his understanding of Taoist knowledge and concepts, which reflected his different understanding of things, his different views on life and the world, and his own academic theory, which promoted the history and culture of our country.
For example, Mr. Nan Huai Jin
This book was published by Oriental Publishing House 20 10. It is divided into three volumes: volume one, volume two and volume three. Liezi is an important Taoist book. Nan, the author of Liezi, doesn't study the characters of Liezi or the time when Liezi was written like previous scholars. He attached importance to the profound stories described in Liezi, so that modern people can have a deeper understanding of Liezi. Let people know Liezi again, so as to be infatuated with the thoughts of China ancients, develop people's knowledge connotation of traditional culture, and improve people's attention to traditional culture.
Mr. Nan is a famous cultural master at home and abroad. He devoted his life to the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and believed that the true meaning of China culture was kindness and sympathy. He loves China culture and preaches it attentively. He constantly seeks for excellent culture that can be understood and accepted by modern people from China traditional culture. Mr. Nan was born in a scholarly family for generations, and he was fond of reading poetry books, which laid a solid foundation for his literary creation. He has been engaged in various undertakings all his life, and these experiences have enriched his experience and made him have a deep understanding of Chinese studies and strive for perfection. He is accomplished in Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism in traditional culture, and he is also good at health care medicine. He founded schools in various places to promote the traditional culture of China. His patriotic feelings are really admirable.
Liezi Tang asked Liezi? The author of Tang Wen is Rain Lee Kou. The content of this book is myths and legends. This book has made up fifteen fairy tales, each of which is presented in the form of a question and answer. These absurd stories are not the author's mystifying, but tell people that the world is full of wonders, and people's thoughts should not be imprisoned by stubborn and traditional thinking, thus opening people's minds.
Liezi relief
The first story is "Tang Yin asked Xia Ge", which made Xia Ge answer Tang Yin's understanding of the universe, the infinity of the universe and the infinity of heaven and earth with scientific thinking. Let Tang Yin have a more specific understanding of the universe and feel the magic of everything, in which the metaphor shows people's infinite imagination.
The second and third stories, "A Mountain with a Foolish Duke" and "Kuafu Chasing the Sun", warn people to have the persistent spirit of a Mountain with a Foolish Duke, and not to have the wrong idea that Kuafu is eager for quick success and instant benefit every day.
Stories such as "Dayu lost his way" and "Children arguing about Japan" show that no matter how powerful a saint is, he has problems that are difficult for them. Faced with some problems, they are also helpless, which enhances people's confidence in facing difficulties.
Wang Mu's Journey to the West shows a "robot", which is really more imaginative than modern people and destined to be unusual.
"Lu and Zhao" is about the heart-changing technology of modern medical level. There are many stories that teach people how to be a man. They should have the spirit of learning endlessly, working hard and striving for perfection, and not be self-righteous, arrogant and eager for quick success, which will only bind themselves. Everything is complicated and changeable. People should break through themselves, get rid of shallow common sense and talk about the infinity of time and space.