Lavender, a cultivation medium, likes loose neutral alkaline soil with good drainage. Garden soil can be used as culture soil; Coarse yellow sand; Peat; Organic fertilizer =4:3:2: 1, organic fertilizer must be decomposed. The prepared culture soil must be disinfected first. If possible, it can be fumigated with formalin or disinfected with steam. If the prepared culture soil is less, carbendazim powder can be added, which can also play a role in disinfection. Adjust the pH value to 7-7.5 with lime.
After watering the basin, water it once. The principle of watering after survival is "see dry and see wet". Pay attention when watering: don't pour water directly on the leaves, and don't splash soil on the branches and leaves to avoid diseases. You can also spread a layer of pebbles on the soil surface of the flowerpot, which is beautiful and can prevent diseases. If tap water is used, it is best to use it in the sun for two days.
Lavender doesn't need much fertilizer to fertilize. In the spring with rapid growth (March-May), the compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be applied monthly to make a solution for irrigation, and the concentration is 1%. Too much nitrogen fertilizer can easily lead to excessive growth.
After setting the flower, cut it off at the first node under the flower, and trim the plant into a hemisphere by the way. Usually, dry the branches at any time. In order to control plant height or obtain better plant type, it should be cut again in late summer and early autumn to promote the development of new branches.
There is little pest control. The disease is mainly root rot, and the incidence rate is the highest in high temperature and stagnant water environment. Control method: root irrigation with 800 times solution of carbendazim and chlorothalonil once a month, especially in June-65438+10. Pay attention to prevent water accumulation and keep the air dry.
Lavender is a long-day plant, and light plays an important role in its development and the formation of aromatic oil. Excessive shading will lead to excessive growth and easy to get sick. In the family, lavender should be placed on the sunny balcony.
Elaeagnus angustifolia can tolerate the absolute low temperature of -30℃ and the high temperature of 465 438 0℃, but the cool environment is the most suitable. French lavender likes warm environment and can tolerate low temperature of-10℃, so it can be planted in Shanghai.
Humidity Lavender likes dry environment, so it is forbidden to water regularly at home.
Lavender grows rapidly and needs to be changed once a year. In the first year, seedlings should use flowerpots with a pot diameter of 12- 16 cm, and in the second year, they should be replaced with flowerpots with a pot diameter of 20 cm.
The propagation mode is mainly cutting, layering or rooting can also be used. After 65438+ 10 in the middle of June every year in Beijing, the weather gets cold and the plants basically stop growing. At this time, the annual semi-lignified branches with vigorous growth were selected, and the cutting length was 10 ~ 12cm, and they were cut in the prepared seedbed, and the part buried in the soil accounted for about half of the total length. Always keep the soil moist and make the seedbed transparent. Family planting can be cutted in flowerpots, and cuttage can take root in the middle and late June of the following year. Planting in the field in autumn, the plant spacing is generally 100 cm× 70 cm or 100 cm× 100 cm. There are mainly methods such as sowing, cutting, layering and rooting. At present, cutting is mainly used in production, which can maintain the inherent excellent quality of the female parent.
Lavender has strong adaptability to cutting propagation, which can be carried out in spring and autumn. Even in summer, it is feasible to use softwood cutting, but it costs a lot of money. From the production point of view, cutting in spring is generally the best.
The selection and quality of cuttings directly affect the survival rate of cuttings. Cutting should be carried out on well-developed plants, with annual semi-lignified branches with short and thick pitch and no heading, and cutting at the top 8 ~ 10 cm as cutting. The cut of the cutting should be close to the stem node and smooth as far as possible to avoid breaking the phloem. Cuttings cut in autumn will be cut in winter.
The cutting method adopts plastic film cutting, and the border can be made according to the width of plastic film when preparing soil. Cover with plastic film after watering and cut immediately. The insertion depth is 5 ~ 8 cm and the row spacing is 20 ~ 25 cm.
Cutting seedlings can manage water properly, improve ground temperature and promote root development; Qin Ying timely pruned the protruding branches, removed spikes, promoted branching and cultivated strong seedlings.
The best planting time is in autumn, and it is generally best in the middle and late June of 10. The plant spacing is 60 cm, and the row spacing is 120 cm. Water immediately after planting. 165438+1At the beginning of October, cover the soil artificially to ensure the safe overwintering of seedlings.
Management from the growth period to the full flowering period For the newly planted lavender seedlings, water the roots well, water them 4-5 times a year, and plough and weed them in time. The buds appearing before June 20 of the seedlings should be artificially knocked out in time to promote the healthy growth and multi-branch of the plants and lay the foundation for high yield in the coming year. For the old seedling plot, there should be no weeds in the field, and the bud water should be watered in early May and the flowering water should be watered in June.
Precautions:
1. Requirements for soil and temperature Lavender does not have high requirements for soil, but fertile and loose loam should be used for seedling raising, which is suitable for slightly alkaline or neutral soil. Like sunshine, heat-resistant, drought-resistant, cold-resistant, barren-resistant, salt-tolerant, but if it is waterlogged for a long time, it will die. The optimum germination temperature is 65438 0.8℃ to 22℃, and it can grow at 5℃ to 30℃. When the temperature is higher than 38℃ to 40℃ for a long time, the top of stem and leaves are yellow.
2. The sowing date of sowing seedlings is generally better in spring, but it can also be sown in greenhouse in winter. Because of the long dormancy period of seeds, seeds should be soaked for 12 hours before sowing, and then soaked with 20 ppm ~ 50 ppm gibberellin for 2 hours before sowing. The sowing depth is 0.2-0.4 cm, and the seedbed should be moist, and the seedlings will emerge in about 15℃-25℃ and 10 days. It takes a month to germinate without gibberellin treatment.
3. Planting sunny plots with good drainage management can be transplanted after soil preparation. Transplanting seedlings with leaves, with row spacing of 20×30 cm, and managing according to the seedling situation after survival. Lack of fertilizer (pay attention to applying more potassium fertilizer), lack of water. In winter, you can overwinter in the north with a little plastic film. It should be noted that lavender has almost no pests and diseases and does not need to be sprayed with pesticides.