There is a couplet of 180 in Daguanlou, Dianchi Lake, Kunming, Yunnan, which was written by a poor scholar, Sun Zu, during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. It is called "the first couplet in the world". Its exquisite writing and profound artistic conception are comparable to Su Dongpo's Red Cliff Nostalgia. In the second part, I quoted an allusion of "the Yuan Dynasty passed the purse", which not only described the feat of Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, leading 65,438+ten thousand troops to cross the Jinsha River and recover Dali, but also revealed Kublai Khan's great achievements in unifying China with great ambitions.
In A.D. 1253, Kublai Khan personally led 65,438+10,000 troops to Yunnan. After arriving at the west bank of the choppy Jinsha River, Kublai Khan ordered soldiers to slaughter cattle and sheep, made rafts out of intact cattle and sheep skins, successfully crossed the Jinsha River and entered Lijiang, thus unifying China. Later generations called this military action of lightning entering Yunnan and recovering Dali "Yuan Guobao".
? Kublai Khan is the grandson of Genghis Khan, the fourth son of Yuan and the younger brother of Meng (Xianzong). He lived in the most glorious golden age of the Mongolian Empire. When he was young, he thought that "there is much to be done in the world" and was keen on learning China culture. He was able to enlist good warfare, annihilate the Southern Song Dynasty, attack Japan, Annan, Zhancheng, Java and other countries, realize the unification of the world, establish a vast multi-ethnic unified country with Dadu as its capital, and take the meaning of "Great Gan Yuan" in the Book of Changes as the founding capital.
Kublai Khan is not only a national hero of Mongolian nationality, but also a famous emperor who has made great achievements in the history of China. He initially laid the scale of China's territory and ended the history of China's division since the late Tang Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty he founded was the first dynasty in China history in which ethnic minorities ruled the whole country.
During his 35 years in office, he not only retained the institutions and all administrative officials of the Song Dynasty, but also took a series of measures to quickly restore and develop the social economy, such as establishing provinces and strengthening centralization, which initiated the end of China's provincial system; Pay attention to selecting talents, reuse Han Confucian scholars, and ask Confucianism to govern the Tao; Adopt Chinese law to rectify official management; Persuade agriculture and mulberry, build water conservancy and develop production.
In order to strengthen the management of border areas, he opened up Chinese and foreign transportation and established post stations in various places; He restored and opened the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, connecting five major water systems: Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River. In order to guard against famine, the national grain control policy was restored; He promulgated laws and organized public relief, and he also took the lead in helping the poor, such as scholars, orphans and patients. He called for the construction of hospitals, the promulgation of laws to calculate the value of major commodities with paper money, and the introduction of paper money into the circulation field, and so on.
However, due to negative factors such as Kublai Khan's conservatism, patriotism and militarism, Sino-French reform came to a standstill. But Kublai Khan, like his grandfather Genghis Khan, is the two most prominent Mongolians in Mongolian national history. Song Lian in the Ming Dynasty commented in the History of the Yuan Dynasty: "The ancestors had a large number, knew people well, trusted Confucianism, and changed the foreign summer into Chen Ji, so they were the masters of a generation and had a large scale." Kyle Poirot commented that Kublai Khan was "the most powerful monarch who ruled people, land and wealth since Adam's time".