Key points of winter management of potted flowers in nursery When winter comes, people move potted flowers indoors one after another in order to spend the winter safely. In order to make potted flowers flourish in winter, special attention should be paid to the following aspects in management: light is a necessary condition for the survival of flowers in potted flower nurseries. The placement of flowers after entering the room should take into account the characteristics of various flowers. Flowers that usually bloom in winter and spring (such as crab claw orchid, cyclamen, chrysanthemum, poinsettia, camellia, etc. ) and grass flowers planted in autumn (such as carnation and snapdragon). ) and flowers that like light and warmth (such as Milan, Jasmine, Prynne and Fusang). ) should be placed on the windowsill or in the sunny place near the windowsill; Some flowers (such as Clivia, upside-down golden bell, etc. It's half cloudy in summer, and it needs to be placed in sunny places when there is light in winter; Flowers (such as asparagus, begonia, rhododendron, etc. ) that kind of warm semi-light can be placed near the window sill; Evergreen flowers and trees that like sunshine but are resistant to low temperature or dormant flowers (such as osmanthus and citrus) can be placed in a cool place with scattered light (above 0℃). Attention should be paid to ventilation indoors, which can not only reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, but also help the healthy growth of flowers. Watering should pay attention to improper watering of potted flowers in winter, which often leads to poor growth or rotten roots. Indoor potted flowers are generally watered 2 ~ 3 times a week, and each time they should be thoroughly watered to prevent "half waist water". Before using the water for watering flowers, it must be dried to a temperature close to room temperature (the difference between soil temperature and air temperature cannot exceed 5℃). The watering time is mostly around noon. If watering at night is cold at night, the roots of flowers are easy to freeze. In winter, indoor air is dry. Besides watering, you can also spray water properly. For foliage plants, such as Dendrocalamus giganteus, asparagus, cycads, rubber trees, etc. Always spray water on the leaves to remove dust, clean the leaves and carry out photosynthesis. Fertilization should be flexible. In winter, fertilization should be stopped for flowers that are dormant or semi-dormant, such as pomegranate, rose, cactus, variable leaf wood and Guangdong evergreen. However, these flowers and trees must be replaced in early winter or early spring to facilitate the growth, flowering and fruiting of the following year. Leaf-watching plants such as Dendrocalamus, Asparagus, Spring Feather, Eupatorium odoratum, etc. , can be used in combination with proper amount of compound fertilizer and ferrous sulfate once a month. Flowers such as cyclamen, camellia, Chimonanthus praecox, calceolaria and Clivia. Appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be added to make the flowers colorful and fragrant. A certain amount of potash fertilizer can prevent cold and lodging. This flower can be added with granular potassium dihydrogen phosphate or calcium superphosphate along the wall of the pot, and the fertilization time is appropriate in the bud growth period. Phosphate fertilizers such as Jingui, Jindou, bergamot and pyracantha should be added to watch the fruit. The method is to apply a small amount of solid phosphate fertilizer from the edge of the flowerpot until the fruit is close to maturity, and then stop topdressing. Edge trimming should seize the opportunity "seven points depend on management, three points depend on cutting". Through pruning, the flowers are neat in shape, graceful in posture and fruitful. Winter is the best time to trim flowers. Suitable for the pile heads of elm, brome, maple, heather and banyan. All dense branches, pest branches, long branches and weak branches can be pruned, and other branches can be appropriately shrunk to keep the pile head clear and the branches fresh. For flowering tree species such as Chimonanthus praecox, Prunus mume, Spring Festival, Chinese Rose, Fusang, Poinsettia, Hibiscus hibiscus, Chinese Rose, etc., the annual branches can be cut off from the base 2 ~ 3 cm after the flowers have fallen, so as to promote the germination of the remaining basal buds and grow more new branches, thus ensuring the flourishing flowers in the coming year. In addition, most potted flowers can be trimmed by changing pots in early spring. For deciduous flowers, the pots must be changed before the new buds germinate, otherwise the water budget will be unbalanced, resulting in poor growth or dead plants. Winter maintenance of foliage plants In order to keep foliage plants native to tropical and subtropical areas green and full of vitality in winter, the following points should be done: 1 Keep warm and freeze. Different foliage plants have different requirements for the minimum wintering temperature, and their cold resistance is obviously different. Therefore, according to different regions, plant species and varieties, indoor wintering should be carried out in batches and categories. Keeping warm and freezing is an important maintenance work for foliage plants to survive the winter safely. According to the different requirements of foliage plants for overwintering temperature, the author thinks that they can be divided into four categories, and different warm and antifreeze measures can be taken. One is foliage plants whose overwintering temperature cannot be lower than 5℃, such as asparagus, ivy leaves, autumn goose web, octagonal golden plate, ruyi leaves, taro, cold spray, mallow and so on. These plants have certain cold resistance, which can safely overwinter in general cold-proof facilities, and can also enter single-layer plastic greenhouses or general greenhouses. Second, foliage plants whose wintering temperature cannot be lower than 8℃, such as Pteris multifida and Saxifraga saxifraga. There is a certain degree of cold resistance, but in the coldest time, a plastic film should be covered in the greenhouse or indoors. The third category is foliage plants that cannot be lower than 10oC, such as asparagus, chlorophytum, watercress green, cauliflower taro, red-feathered arrowroot, green radish, dragon's blood tree, Phoebe bournei, Fu Guizhu and so on. In winter, it should be placed in a two-story plastic shed or a shed covered with plastic film. The fourth category is foliage plants that cannot be lower than 15oC, such as Solanum nigrum, Alternanthera alternifolia, Urtica alba, Facai tree, Boston fern, etc. Overwintering temperature requirements are relatively high, and it is best to put it in a greenhouse with heating equipment. If there is no heating, you can put it in the plastic shed on the second floor. For southern conservation, the top of foliage plants should be covered with a plastic film between 3 pm and 9 am the next day, and then uncovered after 9 am the next day. Second, after proper watering in winter, the growth of foliage plants basically stagnated. Some plants enter dormancy, and their water absorption capacity is greatly reduced. It is not advisable to water too much or too much. Water should be poured at one time before entering the shed or the house, and the basin soil in the shed should be kept as dry as possible to facilitate the foliage plants to overwinter. When the basin soil is found to be too dry, it should be watered in the morning 1 1 on sunny and warm days, and it is forbidden to water it too much or in the morning and evening. The water temperature should be similar to the room temperature, and the temperature difference should not be too big. Leaf-watching plants are usually watered once every half month in winter. Too much water can easily cause root rot. The indoor air is dry in winter in the north, and plants such as peacock and taro need to spray their leaves with cold water during the day to improve the indoor humidity and maintain their beautiful leaf color. During the overwintering period of Alocasia esculenta, warm water is sprayed every 3-5 days to keep the leaf color dark green; Evergreen leaves are needed every winter.