-It is best to choose loose sandy loam or sandy soil with convenient transportation, abundant sunshine, sufficient water, moderate rainfall, slightly high humidity and good ventilation, or hilly and mountainous areas with loose soil and rich humus as the construction garden. After the site is determined, roads, irrigation and drainage systems, fertilizer management rooms, etc. All of them are planned first, and then the ventilation culvert in the planting area is planned. The main scaffolding methods used in kiwifruit planting are: T-frame, hedge frame, tripod, large shed frame and so on. Large flat-topped scaffolding is often used, and the original small-diameter trees can be used as live piles on the spot, and some replaceable bamboo and wood soil can be added, and concrete piles can be used in key parts. The height of the local frame is 1.8m, and the wires of 10- 12 are criss-crossed, forming a "well"-shaped network, and the distance between wires is about 60cm. 2. Fertilization amount depends on kiwifruit variety, planned yield and soil fertility. Before planting, 2.5 kilograms of fruit-bearing wood fertilizer can be applied to each plant in the pit, and a small amount of fertilizer can be applied to young trees. After that, fertilization is generally carried out three times a year, with fertilization 1 time and topdressing twice. After the fruits are harvested, apply the base fertilizer, that is, winter fertilizer, 20kg organic fertilizer per plant, and mixed application of phosphate fertilizer 1.5kg. After germination, apply 1 time topdressing, and apply 2kg compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to each plant to enrich spring shoots and fruiting trees. The second time, before the vigorous growth period, fruit and wood fertilizer or compound fertilizer can be applied. Because the root of kiwifruit is fleshy, we should dig a shallow ditch a little far from the root, apply chemical fertilizer, seal the soil and avoid burning the root. Irrigation must be given after fertilization in dry season. Third, the pruning and drying of branches depends on the scaffolding method. It is necessary to make full use of the scaffolding surface to make the branches evenly distributed, so as to achieve the goal of high yield and high quality. Kiwifruit is divided into winter scissors, summer scissors and male scissors before pruning. Pruning in winter is carried out during the period from defoliation to germination in early spring 1 month, with thinning as the main method and proper cutting. Keep more main vines and fruiting branches and cut off dense branches. Twigs, cross branches and pest branches. Summer pruning is mainly carried out from mid-May to early July, such as sprouting, coring, thinning and binding, and timely erasing the buds on the trunk to arrange space for the branches and vines. Male plants are pruned after flowering in May-June. Leave 3-4 branches per plant, and each branch has 4-6 buds. When the new branch length is 1 m, pick the core. Generally, fruit is thinned in the field 1 month after flowering. Leave intermediate fruit and thinning fruit, reaching 1 fruit every 4-5 leaves. Generally, there are 1-2 fruits per 20 cm branch, and 5-6 fruits per 20-25 cm weak branch. 50 kg per plant, leaving 500-600 fruits. Fourth, pest control harms kiwifruit. The main diseases are anthracnose, root-knot nematode, damping-off, damping-off, root rot and fruit soft rot. Among them, anthracnose not only harms stems and leaves, but also harms fruits. Spraying 800 times carbendazim for 2-3 times in germination period can prevent and control it. The management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened, and methyl isofenphos or 30% carbofuran toxic soil should be used to control root-knot nematode disease. The main pests of kiwifruit are mulberry Bai Dun scale, Penang comb scale, cutworm, scarab, leafhopper, fruit sucking moth and so on. The overwintering insects of scale insects are controlled by omethoate or 1500-2000 times killing liquid; Stir-fried bran for underground pests and carbofuran are mixed and applied to the ground according to the ratio of10:1. For scarabs, trichlorfon or malathion 1000 times solution is sprayed in the evening from late March to early April, or pyrethroid insecticides are used. Use 50% phoxim EC or 1000 times cartap to control cicada. Fruit-sucking moths occur in September when the sugar content of the fruit begins to increase, and they come out at night to harm the fruit, causing the fruit to fall or the damaged part to form lumps. Bagging, dark light or sweet and sour solution (1: 1) can be used for trapping and killing, or mirex can be sprayed 65438 times every 10- 15 days. After picking the fruits, clean up the orchard, cut off the branches and dead branches of pests and diseases, and burn them centrally to reduce the source of infection of pests and diseases. 5. Harvest maturity has a great influence on the storage life and quality of kiwifruit harvested in time. Early or late harvesting of kiwifruit will affect the quality and flavor of the fruit, and it must go through the quality formation period to fully mature. According to the development period of the fruit, when the content of soluble solids in the fruit is 6%-7%, it is suitable for harvesting, while the fruit that needs long-term storage is required to reach 7%- 10%. Early harvest, bad taste. Harvesting should be carried out in sunny days without wind, not in rainy days, after rain and in the morning when dew is still wet. The best picking time is that the temperature does not rise before 10 am. When harvesting, light mining, light release and careful shipment are required to avoid bumping and piling, and it is best to pack and put in storage with the mining. Containers for peaches, such as boxes and baskets, should be padded with soft country materials at the bottom. Take care of them, don't sprain the pedicel or scratch the peel. The fruit after the first harvest is hard and astringent, and it must take 7- 10 days to eat. Ripe fruits should not be stored and should be sold in time.
[Edit this paragraph] Nutritional analysis
The skin of kiwifruit is rich in pectin, which can lower blood cholesterol and contain 80% of the nutrients in kiwifruit, so eating its skin is the best choice. One-third of the fiber contained in kiwifruit is pectin, especially the part where the peel and pulp contact. Pectin can reduce the concentration of cholesterol in blood and prevent cardiovascular diseases. Kiwifruit is nutritious and delicious. The sugar content in the fruit is about 13%, and the acid content is about 2%. Every100g of pulp also contains 400 mg of vitamins, which is nearly 9 times higher than that of citrus. Fresh fruit is sweet and sour, fragrant and refreshing. Call it "super fruit", worthy of the name. According to research, kiwifruit is considered as the fruit with the highest nutritional density. Eating two kiwis a day can supplement calcium in the body, enhance the body's absorption of food and improve the quality of sleep. The slight acid in kiwifruit can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, reduce flatulence and improve sleep state. Kiwifruit is rich in vitamin C, one kiwifruit contains 87 mg of vitamin C, and the black particles in the pulp are rich in vitamin E, which can prevent macular diseases. Kiwi is a fruit with low fat and calories, and it is also rich in folic acid, dietary fiber, low sodium and high potassium. The arginine contained in kiwifruit can help the wound heal and has the effect of treating impotence. Kiwi contains a variety of amino acids, such as glutamic acid and arginine, which can be used as nerve conduction substances in the brain to promote the secretion of growth hormone. Kiwifruit is a kind of fruit with high nutritional value, and its soluble solid content is 14? 20%, which contains more than ten kinds of amino acids such as leucine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, tyrosine, valine and alanine, and is rich in minerals. Every 100g pulp contains 27 mg of calcium, 26 mg of phosphorus, 0/.2mg of iron, carotene and various vitamins, among which the content of vitamin C is 100g (per100g). Because kiwifruit is full of nutrition and contains some important substances indispensable to human body, it plays an important role in maintaining human health and preventing diseases. Eating more kiwi fruit can prevent osteoporosis in the elderly; Inhibit the deposition of cholesterol on the inner wall of arteries, so as to prevent and treat arteriosclerosis; It can improve myocardial function and prevent and treat heart disease. In anti-cancer, it can inhibit the mutagenic effect of nitrosamines in the intestine on tissues. After eating kiwi fruit, some cancer patients can reduce anorexia and cachexia, and also reduce the side effects or toxic reactions caused by X-ray irradiation and chemotherapy. Eating more kiwi fruit can also prevent the excessive production of peroxide in the body, prevent the formation of senile plaques and delay the aging of the human body. Among the top 26 fruits with the largest consumption in the world, kiwifruit is the most abundant and comprehensive. The content of Vc, Mg and trace elements in kiwifruit is the highest, and it is an important nutritional component to maintain cardiovascular health. Among the top three fruits with low sodium and high potassium, kiwifruit ranks first because it is more fragrant and citrus has higher potassium content. The Vc content and edible cellulose content of kiwifruit have reached excellent standards. At the same time, the contents of Ve and Vk in kiwifruit are considered to be excellent, and kiwifruit has low fat content and no cholesterol. Different from other fruits, kiwifruit contains many nutrients. Most fruits are rich in one or two nutrients, but each kiwifruit can provide 8%DV folic acid, 8%DV copper, 8% pantothenic acid, 6%DV calcium and fresh, 4%DV iron and vitamin B, 6,2% DV phosphorus and Va, and other vitamins and minerals. Kiwi fruit juice can inhibit the occurrence of melanoma and skin cancer; Kiwi fruit contains arginine. Cardiologists have found that arginine can improve blood flow and prevent thrombosis in arterial blood. The content of natural antioxidants in kiwifruit ranks fourth; Lutein is an important phytochemical component in kiwifruit, which is related to the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer and lung cancer. Kiwifruit is one of the rare fruits that contain chlorophyll when it is ripe. Tropism of nature and taste: fruit: sour, sweet and cold. Roots and bark: bitter, astringent and cold. [Indications] Fruit: regulating qi, promoting fluid production and moistening dryness, relieving fever and relieving annoyance. It can be eaten raw or peeled and boiled with honey. Used for dyspepsia, loss of appetite, vomiting, burns and scalds. You can use this product to squeeze juice and add ginger juice. Root and root bark: clearing away heat and toxic materials, promoting blood circulation to reduce swelling, expelling wind and promoting diuresis. Can be used for treating rheumatoid arthritis, traumatic injury, filariasis, hepatitis, dysentery, scrofula, furuncle virus, and cancer. Usage and dosage: 0.5 ~ 2 Liang; Appropriate amount of fruit, fresh or juiced. Not suitable for people with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold. Remarks: (1) Actinidia arguta (Sieb. Etzucc。 ) Planck. Roots and fruits are used as medicine. The curative effect is similar to the former one. Excerpt: The National Collection of Chinese Herbal Medicine recorded kiwifruit in the Book of Songs as early as BC. Li Shizhen described the shape and color of kiwifruit in Compendium of Materia Medica, saying: "Its shape is like pear, its color is like peach, and macaques like to eat, so it has various names." Tang Shen is saying in Zheng Ben Cao: Sweet and sour, born in the valley, vine-born, round and hairy leaves, fruit as big as duck eggs and goose eggs, brown skin, sweet and edible after frost. "This sweet, fragrant and nutritious fruit has been sleeping for thousands of years, and it has only been more than one hundred years since humans really understood and used it. It has long been the monkey's "fairy fruit" food.
[Edit this paragraph] Purpose
Kiwifruit tastes sweet but cold, and has the effects of relieving fever, quenching thirst, relieving stranguria and strengthening stomach. It can be used for treating diseases such as heat annoyance, thirst, jaundice, vomiting, diarrhea, stranguria, joint pain, and has anti-aging effect. According to Chen Zangqi, a medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty, the efficacy of kiwifruit is to "adjust the middle qi and lower qi, control the bone wind, slow down but not follow, and have white hair all year round". Modern medical research shows that kiwifruit contains sugar, and protein is rich in amino acids, including 12 protease, vitamin B 1, C, carotene, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chlorine and pigment. Its vitamin C content is five to six times that of the same amount of citrus. In recent years, it has been reported that kiwifruit can block the active components of nitrosamine synthesis, and the blocking rate is 98%, which has the effect of inhibiting cancer cells. So kiwifruit is a good fruit for nourishing and strengthening the body. In addition, its branches, leaves, roots and vines are all good Chinese herbal medicines. For the treatment of loss of appetite and indigestion, 60 ~100g of dried kiwifruit can be decocted in water and taken every morning and evening. People with urinary calculi should eat 6 to 10 kiwifruit every day, and take it two or three times. For those with high fever, excessive drinking, abdominal distension and tightness, eat 2-3 kiwi fruit every time, three or four times a day. Eating kiwi fruit regularly can also play an auxiliary therapeutic role in hemiplegia and muscle numbness. At the same time, kiwifruit is slippery, people with constipation can eat more, while patients with spleen and stomach weakness, frequent urination, menorrhagia and threatened abortion should avoid eating it. Kiwifruit can be used to treat internal and external diseases and gynecological diseases, and can also be used for health care and anti-aging. It is like a natural medicine storehouse dedicated to human beings. Professor Fei Xiaotong, a famous scholar in China, once called for vigorously developing kiwifruit resources and making contributions to people's health care and longevity. Medicinal efficacy of kiwifruit Eating barbecue food often increases the incidence of cancer, because barbecue food will be nitrated in the body and produce carcinogens. As an antioxidant, vitamin C rich in kiwifruit can effectively inhibit this nitration reaction and prevent cancer. So if you can't help being confused by delicious food, or have to "bake" a meal because of social intercourse, then I suggest you eat a kiwi fruit after dinner. The latest medical research shows that adult depression has a physiological basis, which is related to the lack of neurotransmitters in the brain. The serum accelerant contained in kiwifruit has the function of stabilizing mood and calming mood. In addition, its natural inositol contributes to brain activity, so it can help depressed patients get out of the emotional trough. Kiwi contains good dietary fiber, which can not only reduce cholesterol and promote heart health, but also help digestion, prevent constipation, and quickly remove and prevent harmful metabolites accumulated in the body. The medical profession believes that kiwifruit is sweet and cold, which can clear away heat, relieve annoyance, quench thirst and induce diuresis. Kiwi contains excellent dietary fiber and rich antioxidant substances, which can clear away heat and reduce fire, moisten dryness and relieve constipation, and can effectively prevent constipation and hemorrhoids. Kiwi contains glutathione, an antimutagenic component, which is beneficial to inhibit the mutation of oncogenes and has a certain inhibitory effect on cancer cells such as liver cancer, lung cancer, skin cancer and prostate cancer. Kiwifruit is rich in arginine, which can effectively improve blood flow and prevent thrombosis, and has special effects on reducing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction and arteriosclerosis, and treating impotence. Kiwi contains a lot of inositol, which is a natural sugar alcohol. It can effectively regulate sugar metabolism, intracellular hormones and nerve conduction, and has a unique effect on preventing diabetes and depression. Kiwi contains vitamins C, E, K, etc. It is a low-fat food rich in nutrition and dietary fiber, and has unique effects on weight loss, bodybuilding and beauty. Kiwifruit is rich in folic acid, which is one of the essential substances to build a healthy body and can prevent neural tube defects in embryonic development. It is also rich in lutein, and the accumulation of lutein on the retina can prevent spots from getting worse. Kiwifruit contains antioxidant substances, which can enhance the body's autoimmune function. Eating barbecue food often will increase the incidence of cancer, because after eating barbecue food, it will be nitrated in the body and produce carcinogens. As an antioxidant, vitamin C rich in kiwifruit can effectively inhibit this nitration reaction and prevent cancer. The latest medical research shows that adult depression has a physiological basis, which is related to the lack of neurotransmitters in the brain. The serum accelerant contained in kiwifruit has the function of stabilizing mood and calming mood. In addition, its natural inositol contributes to brain activity, so it can help depressed patients get out of the emotional trough. Kiwi contains good dietary fiber, which can not only reduce cholesterol and promote heart health, but also help digestion, prevent constipation, and quickly remove and prevent harmful metabolites accumulated in the body.