Dear friend, do you want to "turn stone into gold"? Sure, it would be great if even the Midas touch can turn it into gold! People don’t have to work so hard to earn money, and they can still enjoy glory and wealth. So, today I will teach you how to turn stone into gold.
People have discovered graphite and carbon in meteorites a long time ago. Natural diamonds are also mixed with graphite and carbon. This means that diamonds are transformed from graphite and carbon under different conditions. So, how do you turn graphite and carbon into diamond? This requires strong pressure.
A chemist named Moissan used various methods to pressurize graphite and carbon. However, no matter how hard you squeeze or hit carbon and graphite, it won't work. Finally, he finally thought of using the method of "thermal expansion and cold contraction" to pressurize it, and this trick really worked. So he designed a special device to mix a small amount of carbon into the molten iron to mix the carbon and the molten iron. Then he poured the red-hot molten iron into cold water, and the water immediately produced a strong reaction. There was a roaring sound, and clouds of water vapor rose rapidly. At this time, the molten iron immediately turned into a solid, and at the same time, a very strong pressure was generated inside and outside, which turned the carbon in the metallic iron into small, shiny crystals. This crystal is the earliest artificial diamond in human history.
However, artificial diamond is not as shiny as natural diamond. It is slightly darker, but its hardness is greater than ordinary substances. Synthetic diamond has superhard properties and excellent physical and chemical properties. Therefore, artificial diamond has been increasingly widely used and valued in the national economy and people's daily lives, and the annual consumption is also rising sharply.
We know that diamond can be processed into priceless jewelry, but it also has extremely wide applications in industry. Due to its high hardness and good wear resistance, diamond is widely used in cutting, grinding, and drilling; it has high thermal conductivity and good electrical insulation, and can be used as a heat sink for semiconductor devices; in addition, it has excellent light transmittance and corrosion resistance, and are also widely used in the electronics industry. At the end of the 18th century, people discovered that the valuable diamond was actually an allotrope of carbon. Since then, artificial diamond has become the glory and dream of many scientists.
Everyone desires to own diamonds, because diamonds are the aristocrat of jewelry. Diamonds are processed and polished from diamonds. They are transparent and exude a cool and noble brilliance, and have the temperament of "coming out of the mud but not stained". The formation and discovery of natural diamond is extremely difficult. It is transformed from carbon after hundreds of millions of years of "hard work" under the special conditions of high temperature and pressure deep in the earth. Due to the movement of the earth's crust, diamonds came to the surface from the depths of the earth and were contained in kimberlite, where they were discovered and mined by humans.
Diamonds are a symbol of nobility. As human society's demand for jewelry diamonds gradually increases, artificial diamonds and other counterfeit diamonds continue to expand the market, and even some jewelry operators cannot tell the difference. The following methods can help you identify the authenticity of diamonds.
First of all, the single refractive index of diamonds
The single refractive index of diamonds is determined by its essential characteristics. Most of the other natural gemstones or artificial gemstones are birefringent, and when the counterfeit diamond is observed with a 10x magnifying glass, from a slightly oblique angle from the front, it is easy to see that the angular lines have overlapping images and present two bottom lights at the same time. . In addition, images with a small difference in birefringence, such as zircon, can also be seen with overlapping background light. Therefore, when identifying diamonds, you should look at the single refractive index of the diamond.
Secondly, the adsorption property of diamonds
Generally speaking, diamonds have a certain affinity for grease and dirt, which means that diamonds can easily absorb grease and dirt. Therefore, when you run your fingers over the diamond, you will feel sticky and your fingers will seem to have a sticky feeling. This property is not found in any gemstone. This approach requires training to master the subtle differences.
Third, the characteristic of straight lines
The surface polishing of diamonds is very smooth. Use a pen dipped in ink and scratch it on the diamond. If it is a real diamond, what will be left on the surface is a smooth and continuous line, which is characterized by a straight line. What the counterfeit products leave behind are lines composed of small dots. This method requires the use of a magnifying glass to easily identify its authenticity.
Fourth, the unique diamond luster
Under 100-degree incandescent light, if you compare real diamonds with counterfeit ones, it is easy to see which one has the diamond luster. This method is not suitable for use under too dark or too strong lights.
Fifth, based on the specific gravity (density) detection of diamond
From a chemical point of view, the density of diamond is about 3.5 g/cm3, and the density of other similar diamonds is generally About 3.25 g/cm3. If it is soaked in diiodomethane liquid with a density of 3.35 grams, those diamond-like objects will float on it, while the diamonds will sink.