1. Acid-loving soil: Soil, water and fertilizer contain alkali, which prevents plants from absorbing iron, thus affecting the formation of chlorophyll, making branches wither, leaves scorch and even die. Rich, loose and well-drained acid soil should be selected. If pine sawdust is fully mixed into the soil, the use effect is also very good.
2. Like cool: avoid exposure to the hot sun, but some people often mistakenly think that gardenia needs full shade, leading to cultivation mistakes. In fact, while paying attention to cultivating its cool environment, it is necessary to keep 60% light all day to meet its growth needs.
3. Humidity: If the air humidity is lower than 70%, it will directly affect the differentiation and growth of flower buds, but if it is too humid, it will lead to root rot, branches wither and leaves fall off. In addition to normal watering, the leaves and nearby ground should be sprayed with clear water frequently to appropriately increase the air humidity.
4. Fertilizer-loving: Fertilizers such as cooked bean cake, sesame sauce residue and peanut bran should be applied, which can be acidic after fermentation and decomposition, but they must be applied thinly, avoid thick fertilizer and raw fertilizer, and do not apply fertilizer during hibernation. It is forbidden to use human excrement if it has been planted for less than three years. Too much nitrogen fertilizer will cause thick branches, large leaves and dark green, but it will not bloom. When phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are lacking, there will be no flowering or bud withering and falling off.
5. High temperature: growth period 18 ~ 22℃, overwintering period 5 ~ 10℃. If it is lower than-10℃, it will be easily frozen.
6. Timely pruning: Gardenia has strong germination, easy overlapping of branches, dense ventilation and scattered nutrition. In orthomorphism, three main branches should be selected according to the tree shape, and other branches sprouting from roots should be cut off at any time. After the flowers wither, the branches should be cut short in time to promote the germination of the cut new branches. After the new branches grow for three days, the core should be removed to avoid blind growth.
Gardenia planting method
1, planting and intertillage
Clear the garden of plants. 1 ~ 3a young forest weeding and loosening soil twice a year. The first time/kloc-0 is from April to June, and the second time is from August to September, combined with fertilization. Pay attention to the shallowness near and the depth far when loosening the soil. The depth inside the crown is 10 ~ 12 cm, and the depth outside the crown is greater than 15cm. Dwarf crops such as peanuts and beans can also be interplanted before the first fruit in the garden, which can not only increase the short-term income of the garden, but also achieve the purpose of raising young trees. After the gardenia garden enters the fruiting period, it will be loosened and weeded 1 ~ 2 times a year.
2. Fertilizer management
* * *1* * young trees: apply 20-25 kg /666.7 m2 of compound fertilizer every winter or before February of the following year. You can also apply decomposed farmyard manure or decomposed compost1000 ~1500kg/666.7m2.. Applying 10 ~ 15g compound fertilizer to each plant in spring and summer can provide nutritional conditions for young trees to produce new branches and promote young trees to form a reasonable tree structure.
***2*** Fruit tree: acupoint application is adopted from the end of March to April every year, and urea or ammonium carbonate 15g or fully decomposed human and animal manure 1200kg/666.7m2 is applied to each plant to promote branching and budding. From May to June, when gardenia blossoms, spraying 0. 15% borax and 0.20% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves. Choosing cloudy day or evening is conducive to the full absorption of gardenia tree and improving the flowering and fruiting rate of plants. June ~ 10 is the expansion and development period of gardenia fruit, and July ~ September is the vigorous flowering period of gardenia branches. In late June and early August, 250g/ plant of NPK compound fertilizer/kloc-0 should be applied to promote fruit development and flower bud differentiation. After fruit picking, 2000kg/666.7 square meters of decomposed farmer base fertilizer was applied, and boron phosphate fertilizer * * * calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.50% borax *** 100kg were added to promote tree vigor recovery and enhance cold resistance in winter.
3. Water management
During the growth period of young trees, if there is a long-term drought in summer and the garden soil is very dry, it should be watered at least 2 ~ 3 times to ensure the physiological demand of young trees for water. Results Before flowering, after flowering and during fruit development, in addition to fertilization, 1 ~ 2 times irrigation should be paid attention to when summer drought is serious to ensure high quality and high yield of Gardenia.
4, shaping and pruning
* * *1* * young tree shaping: young tree shaping should be carried out in10 ~1* * autumn and winter afforestation * * or spring afforestation in February-March * * the following year. After young trees survive, cuttings should be carried out at a place 20-25 cm away from the ground. Zhixia shoots germinate, and each plant chooses 3 ~ 4 thick and fat branches as the main branches, paying attention to make them evenly distributed as far as possible. In the second year, summer shoots sprout, and 3-4 secondary branches are cultivated on each main branch to form evenly distributed branches, and the crown is gradually cultivated into a round head shape. Within two years of afforestation, in order to promote the growth of young trees and cultivate the crown, the trunk and main branches should be sprouted, the lower tillers should be cut off and the flower buds should be removed. In the third year, you can leave the fruit appropriately. Gardenia can still bloom in autumn, but the later flowers can't form mature fruits, so the buds should be removed from September to 10. In order to facilitate harvesting, the height of gardenia tree should be controlled at1.5 ~1.6m. ..
***2*** Pruning of fruiting trees: thinning is mainly for fruiting trees, and it will be carried out 20 days before germination in winter or next spring. When pruning, the buds above the roots, trunk and main branches should be erased first, and then the dead branches, pests and diseases, crossing, overlapping, dense, drooping, aging and collapsed branches in the crown should be neglected to be pruned, so that the branches in the crown are evenly distributed, sparse inside and dense outside, which is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission, reducing pests and diseases and improving fruit setting rate.
Eliminate pests and diseases
If gardenia is properly managed in the growth period, pests and diseases rarely occur. If pests and diseases are found, biological control should be given priority to, supplemented by chemical control. Pesticides with low toxicity and residue should be selected for chemical control, and pesticides should not be applied 30 days before fruit harvesting. This paper introduces several main pest control methods:
*** 1*** Brown streak: This disease harms leaves and fruits. When the disease is serious, the leaves of plants lose their green, turn yellow or brown, which leads to leaf shedding and early fruit drop, which seriously affects the yield. Prevention and control methods: first, strengthen pruning and burning diseased plants and leaves to prevent the spread and spread of diseases; Second, before the onset of the disease in late May and early August, spray 1: 100 bordeaux solution or 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000 ~ 1500 times every 0 days for 2 ~ 3 times.
***2*** Gardenia leaf roller moth: larvae harm spring, summer and autumn shoots. In case of the peak of insect population density, the flower bud germination decreased and the yield decreased significantly in the second year after the injury. When pests occur, spray with 1000 billion live spores/Bacillus sp. solution or 90% trichlorfon 10 solution.
***3*** Acacia gardenia moth: larvae destroy the root bark, causing rot, and in severe cases, the whole plant dies. When pests occur, 50% phoxim emulsion can be used to fill 50L of water per 100mL of liquid medicine, and 0.5kg can be poured into each hole.
***4*** Coffee wing moth: larvae damage leaves and buds. Control methods: First, reclaim Gardenia Garden 1 time in winter, so that pupae are exposed to topsoil and eaten by natural enemies or killed artificially. The second is to spray biological pesticides with avermectin 500-800 times solution and each gram of Bacillus thuringiensis 1000 billion live spores. It can also be sprayed with 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution.
***5*** Scale insects and aphids: This insect harms branches, leaves and trunks. When pests occur, dimethoate EC 1000 ~ 1500 times should be sprayed.
Gardenia picking and processing
1 Gardenia picking
The yellow pigment contained in gardenia fruit is formed during the growth and development of the tree, and will hardly increase after harvesting. Therefore, the picking time of gardenia should not be too early. Otherwise, the fruit is not fully mature, not only the fruit is small and the pulp is not full, which affects the yield, but also the content of yellow pigment in the fruit is low. Gardenia is picked late, the fruit is too mature, it is not easy to dry, and it is easy to mildew and discolor after processing, which reduces the utilization value and price, which is not conducive to the nutrient accumulation of the tree and the safe wintering of the tree. Generally, the picking time of gardenia fruits is from the middle of June 65438+1 October to June 65438+1October, and1batch should be picked at maturity, and the best picking time is that the peel turns from green to red and from red to Huang Shi. Fruit picking should be carried out on sunny days or after the dew dries in the afternoon.
2 Gardenia processing
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is harvested and processed in batches. The method is as follows: pour the fresh fruit without seeds and impurities into a self-made steam boiler for fumigation for 3 minutes, then put the gardenia in a clean threshing field for 2-3 days, dry it to 60% or 70%, pile it in a cool and ventilated place for about 3 days, and then dry it in the sun. Fresh fruit can also be dried. In the process of drying, pay attention to turning it gently, so as not to damage the peel and prevent external moisture or internal scorching. Whether the fresh fruit is dried or baked, the pulp should be hard and dry.