Take planting two plants in each hole as an example to illustrate the specific process.
1. The first year (that is, the year of sowing)
When the seedlings are planted, the cuttings are carried out at a distance of 10cm from the root neck. In June of that year, each plant can send out 2~3 new shoots and 2 ***4~6 new shoots from the remaining 10cm branches.
2. The second year
There are 4~6 biennial branches in the plant cluster, among which 3 stout branches are selected to be chopped about 1/4, and the rest branches are not chopped, which can bear a small amount of fruits. More than a dozen basal branches can be sent out at the base of the cluster, and the weak basal branches are cut off in summer, leaving most of them, about 10.
3. The third year
There are 4~6 three-year-old branches in the cluster, which begin to bear a lot of fruits. In addition, the biennial branches are about 10, and 7-8 branches are selected for spring cutting, of which 3-5 branches are short 1/4. When pruning in summer, select about 10 branches from a large number of basic branches. This plant cluster can produce 1 ~ 2.5 kg of fruit under good management.
4. The fourth year
There are 4~6 four-year branches and 7~8 three-year branches in the cluster. When pruning in spring, select 6~7 basic branches from 10 branches left in the previous year. At this time, a cluster with high yield has been formed, and the fruit is 2.5~5kg under normal circumstances. Summer pruning repeats the practice of the third year.
5. The fifth year
When the cluster branches enter the full fruit stage, except for thinning the five-year-old branches in spring, the other pruning methods are exactly the same as those in the fourth year. In this way, year after year, the number, proportion and structure of branches of different ages are naturally fixed, and on this basis, diseased branches, weak branches and fruiting branches can be well treated.
Strip close planting is a single plant planting. Within two years of planting, the branches will be cultivated into clusters, and the strong branches in the clusters will be kept as backbone branches as much as possible, and the slender branches will be cut off. In the third year, plants are connected with each other. At this time, it is necessary to cultivate about 0/5 branches per square meter/kloc-0 on the belt, that is, leave a large backbone branch every 20~25cm and sparse the rest.
(2) Pruning
After plastic surgery, it still needs to be pruned every year, and the following principles should be followed: ① Cultivate and maintain 15~20 big trunk branches of different ages in the plant cluster, keep good lighting conditions in the plant cluster, and loosen the branches that are too dense; (2) In order to cultivate long-lived and strong backbone branches, it is necessary to control the basic branches at the base, cut them off when pruning, or erase the basic buds when wiping out buds, and keep them updated; (3) The aged backbone branches should be updated in time, and they should be turned to the strong branches in the middle and lower parts by shrinkage cutting, and the branches should be pruned and drained from the base; (4) For the part with diseases and insect pests, the injured or weak unfruitful branches should be removed as soon as possible, and new base branches should be left for supplement.
Prune in spring (dormant period) and sprout after the cold is released in April. Mainly to remove branches damaged by pests and diseases, weak branches and branches buried in the ground for cold protection. The delicate parts at the top of the cluster branches should be cut short, and the fruiting branches on the perennial branches should also be thinned and retracted.
Summer pruning can be carried out from late May to July. In late May, when the basal branches grow to about 20cm, 7-8 robust basal branches are selected from each cluster, and a large number of other basal branches are cut off. The rest of the basal branches should be evenly distributed among the plants. Moderate pruning of basic branches (1/3 or 1/4) can promote its branches in the current year, thus cultivating backbone branches.