1. What are the categories of practical style and what are their characteristics?

1. The basic characteristics of practical style:

(1) Practical style The writing content is the writer's confirmation of objective facts based on existing knowledge;

(2) The purpose of writing in practical style is to communicate information in an informative way.

2. Practical writing styles can be divided into four categories:

(1) Official documents (including official documents and business documents)------Official documents are statutory organs and organizations In official activities, written materials that are formed and used in a specific manner and through certain processing procedures are also called official documents. Our country's official documents have the characteristics of uniformity. Its format, type, writing rules, and processing are all unified across the country. They are generally in accordance with the regulations issued by the General Office of the State Council in February 1987, revised in November 1993, and effective from January 1, 1994. The "Measures for Handling Official Documents of State Administrative Agencies" implemented.

(2) Life and study application style (including letters, reading notes) ------ Letters are an application for conveying information to specific objects and exchanging thoughts and feelings. Documents, generally letters can be divided into five parts: title, body, end, signature, and date. Each part has a certain format; reading notes refer to the purpose of recording one's reading experience when reading or to organize the exciting parts of the text. The notes taken after writing are generally divided into excerpts, outlines, annotations, and insights. The format and writing method are not difficult. Reading the reflections in the insight notes is a bit troublesome, but as long as you understand the relationship between the three elements of argument, argument, and demonstration, you will be able to It's easy to win, because the review is nothing more than an argumentative essay.

(3) Applied literary styles for social activities (including speeches and applied compositions) ------Speeches are also called speeches. They are delivered at more solemn ceremonies and in certain public places. Speech script, like an argumentative essay, has clear arguments and strong logic, but it is not an ordinary argumentative essay. It is an applied style with propaganda and agitation, often using various rhetorical techniques and artistic techniques. Has strong infectious power.

(4) Introduction to other practical writing (including news writing, financial writing, and legal document writing) ------- Reporting is a style of news writing, which means that the writer uses declarative language, Directly and objectively tell readers the facts they have confirmed so that they can obtain relevant information; explanation is also a style of news writing, when the writer makes some confirmation of objective facts based on his or her own cognitive structure and informs them When giving it to readers, you not only need to describe your cognitive achievements in the form of a report, but also need to explain the cognitive content accordingly, so that readers can not only perceive, but also understand and accept the text ideas that the writer hopes to express. , this kind of explanation has two basic characteristics-knowledge and objectivity. 2. There are several types of writing styles

Including: narrative, expository, practical, argumentative essay

(1) Narrative: It uses narrative and description as the main expression methods, and uses A literary style whose main content is recording people, narrating, describing scenes, and depicting objects.

1. Classification of narratives

(1) According to content and expression:

① Simple narrative.

②Complex narrative.

(2) According to the different writing objects:

① Narratives that mainly write about people.

② Narratives that focus on narrative.

③Narratives mainly describing scenes.

④ Narratives that focus on objects.

(2) Expository text: A style of writing that uses explanation as the main mode of expression to introduce or explain the status, nature, structure, function, production method, development process, and causes, merits and demerits of things. .

1. Classification of expository texts

According to the description object (content):

① Explanatory text about physical things.

②Principal explanatory text.

③Science essay.

In terms of language expression:

①Plain expository text.

② Literary explanatory text.

2. Characteristics of expository writing:

(1) The content is highly scientific.

(2) The structure is clear and organized.

(3) Strict accuracy in language.

(3) Practical writing:

Practical writing is a practical style that meets the actual needs of daily life, work and study, has a certain format, is short, concise and popular.

1. Types of practical writing:

(1) Letters:

General letters, special letters (letters of thanks, letters of praise, letters of condolence, letters of introduction) , open letter, letter of certification, application, proposal, initiative,

letter of appointment), telegram, remittance.

(2) Notes:

Diary, reading notes.

(3) Official documents:

Thirteen types of documents: orders, decisions, announcements, notices, notices, notifications, motions, reports, requests for instructions, approvals, opinions, letters, meeting minutes, etc. .

(4) Publicity:

Advertisements, speeches, blackboard newspapers, news, communications, product manuals.

(5) Announcements:

Enlightenment, posters.

(6) Etiquette:

Invitations, greetings (congratulatory letters, congratulatory messages), condolence messages, and letters of condolence.

(7) Deed type:

Notes (receipts, IOUs, collar notes, IOUs, leave notes, message notes, etc.), contracts (agreement), and conventions.

(8) Biography:

Biography, local chronicles, family history (school history, village history).

(4) Argumentative essay:

Argumentative essay is a common style of writing that uses argumentation as the main method to directly express the author's views and opinions through facts and reasoning.

(1) Classification of argumentative papers:

According to content purpose:

①General political papers.

②Comments.

③Essays (essays, talks, notes).

④Reflections after reading.

According to the method of argumentation:

① Establish a thesis.

② Refute the thesis. 3. What are the writing styles?

The writing styles include: narrative, argumentative, expository, and practical.

Article genres include narrative, expository, argumentative, and applied writing. Style is divided into article genre and literary genre. Literary genres include poetry, novels, drama, and prose.

Style refers to an independent text genre (or style, system). It is the specification and model of text composition. It is a unique cultural phenomenon and the product of long-term accumulation of certain historical content. It reflects the overall characteristics of the text from content to form and belongs to the category of form. In addition, culture and sports are also the collective name of entertainment and sports.

Extended information:

Commonly used rhetorical methods in literary style:

1. Metaphor: vividly describes the characteristics of things; used in discussions The text can make abstract principles concrete and profound principles easy to understand.

2. Personification (making things have human expressions, movements, language, psychology, etc.): Its function is to make the written "things" bright in color, vivid in description, and rich in meaning.

3. Exaggeration: Reveal the essence of things, set off the atmosphere, strengthen the rendering power, and arouse strong excitement from readers.

4. Parallelism: It can enhance the momentum of language. Used to reason, it can explain the truth more closely and thoroughly;

Sogou Encyclopedia - Article Genre 4. The three basic types of articles are divided into several categories

There are no three basic types Dividing method.

Articles are divided into narrative, expository, argumentative and applied essays according to genre.

1. Narratives are mainly about recording people, narrating, describing scenes and objects, and describing the experiences of characters and the development and changes of things as the main content.

2. Expository text, through scientific explanation of physical things, explanation of objective things or interpretation of abstract matters, enables people to understand the form, structure, nature, type, cause, function and relationship of things. Or you can have a scientific understanding of the concepts, characteristics, origins, evolution, similarities, etc. of affairs, and thus obtain relevant knowledge.

3. Argumentative essays are different from narrative essays that indirectly express the author’s thoughts and feelings through vivid descriptions, and are also different from expository essays that focus on introducing or explaining the shape, nature, causes, functions, etc. of things. Argumentative essays are essays that convince people with reasons, while narrative essays and explanatory essays are essays that touch people with facts and teach people knowledge.

4. Practical writing, a customary format that is often used by state agencies, political parties, social groups, enterprises and institutions when dealing with various things in daily work and life. Style.

Extended information:

Classification of argumentative essays:

1. Thesis

Definition: Argumentation is the main form of expression, through An article style that presents facts, makes sense, and directly expresses one's views and opinions.

Requirements: Have a correct view of the issue being discussed; use sufficient and convincing arguments; be reasonable and logical.

2. Refute thesis

Definition: Argument is to refute the other party’s point of view, and explain one’s own point of view while refuting

Method: put forward arguments and prove Arguments, summarizing arguments.

The combination of refutation and argumentation: first point out the essence of the other party's error, then refute the pointed out erroneous arguments, and at the same time or after the refutation, put forward your own correct point of view to demonstrate.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Article Genre

Baidu Encyclopedia - Argumentative Paper 5. There are several types of practical writing

There are many types of practical writing, which can be divided into the following three types Category: General practical writing. Some people think that this type of practical writing should include the following types: letters, announcements, meeting minutes, reading notes, instructions, etc. Official practical writing is in the name of party and state agencies, social groups, enterprises and institutions. Documentary application documents issued, such as notices, notices, approvals, instructions, decisions, orders, requests for instructions, official letters, etc. Such application documents are often solemn and serious and suitable for specific occasions. Transactional application documents generally include invitations and investigation reports. , rules and regulations, various appraisals, etc., this is a kind of practical writing used when dealing with daily affairs. In order to unify the style of this book, and based on the characteristics of various daily practical writings, daily practical writings are divided into the following categories. . (1) Social Etiquette This is a type of practical writing suitable for social situations. It exists entirely to promote the development of the relationship between the two parties. At the same time, it is also a manifestation of people's civilized communication. The closeness and distance between people. Differentiation, order of elders and younger ones, etiquette is to grasp the sense of propriety in social interactions, and properly grasp the relationship between the two parties. Etiquette-type practical writing is a kind of daily practical writing that people form on the basis of mutual equality and mutual respect. Etiquette-type daily practical writing It mainly includes the following commonly used styles: invitations, welcome words, congratulations, farewell words, invitation letters, inscriptions, letters of condolences, letters of praise, letters of thanks, congratulatory letters, congratulatory messages, complimentary words, etc. (2) Daily application texts of posters and announcements. It refers to a type of transactional application text that can be posted publicly in public places or publicly broadcast or published through the media. This type of application text is widely used by people in almost all public places such as streets, alleys, factories, and schools. , you can see them all. Daily practical articles such as poster announcements generally include call for papers, marriage notices, subscription notices, marriage notices, business opening notices, missing person notices, missing object notices, recruitment notices, enrollment notices, posters and other practical writing styles. (3) Notes and deeds. This is a common application document issued by both parties to each other during transaction exchanges as a voucher or to explain certain issues. This type of application document is short and concise and can be used at any time. Application documents of the note and deed category can generally be divided into The following types: IOU, IOU, receipt, collar note, leave request note, note, reminder note, reminder note, gift note, message note, etc. With the promotion and use of various formal notes, this type of practical writing form will Will gradually decrease. (4) Family letters and love letters Among people’s various interactions, letters between people should be the most frequent way of communication. From ancient times to the present, whether friends exchange greetings, express concern, or lovers Letters are used to communicate with each other and express love. Letters from home and love letters of great people and celebrities often provide a lot of inspiration and help to others or future generations. Therefore, this type of letters has left us with a rich cultural heritage, and some of them are also worthy of mention. It is called a model of literary works. Therefore, we classify family letters and love letters into one category for the benefit of readers. This type of letters mainly includes the following types: letters to elders, letters to younger generations, and letters to brothers and sisters. , letters to relatives and friends, first love letters, courtship letters, passionate love letters, etc. (5) Special letters. Special letters are a type of practical letters that have the format of a letter and have a specific target or purpose. Generally speaking, , this type of letters can be divided into many types, such as consultation letters, letters of introduction, letters of certification, letters of recommendation, cover letters, letters of appointment, resumes, instructions, letters of success, letters of guarantee, letters of initiative, letters of recommendation, letters of regret, etc. (6) Application Application writing should be a branch of the special correspondence category. However, because its use is relatively special and has its own very prominent characteristics, that is, petitioning, it is specially classified as a category here. Daily application writing in the application category can generally be Including applications for admission, applications for party membership, housing applications, hardship subsidy applications, resignation applications, etc. (7) Couplets Couplets are used by people at weddings, funerals, birthdays, and seasonal changes. A practical writing style with a strong cultural and traditional flavor. It has relatively strict writing requirements. Generally speaking, it is not suitable for common people to use. However, it is necessary for every necessary occasion. It is indispensable, so we also introduce the couplet category. Commonly used couplet categories include six types: festival couplets, birthday couplets, wedding couplets, happy couplets, elegiac couplets, and famous place couplets. (8) Obituary and eulogy categories are related to condolences. A type of daily practical writing based on the deceased. Some of these styles are only suitable for special people and specific occasions, while others are widely used among the people. It is also necessary to understand the basic format of their writing. Generally speaking, this type of practical writing can include Six types: obituaries, condolences, memorial services, funeral lists, eulogies, inscriptions, etc. (9) English With the deepening of reform and opening up, various international exchanges have strengthened, and commonly used English letters have also penetrated into our daily lives. . Therefore, this book specially selects some of the most practical types of daily English writing for a brief introduction. Although it misses a lot, it is also hoped that it will be slightly helpful to readers. The English practical writings introduced here mainly include cover letters, letters of introduction, and admissions. There are five types of applications, invitation letters, and resumes as attachments.

6. Generally speaking, people divide practical styles into two categories according to their functions

Refers to personal resumes, investigation reports, internship reports, ideological reports, and work summaries that are often used in daily life or work. , job search speeches, contract samples, application letters, etc. The characteristics of this style are policy, authoritative, normative, and timely: 1. Practical style has a high degree of policy.

(1) Generally speaking, practical writing, especially official writing, is the product of the implementation of the party and the country's policies, laws and regulations. 2. Practical style has legal authority.

Some of the authority of practical style comes from the authority of its issuing agency, because documents or articles represent and convey the decisions and opinions of the issuing agency or organization on a certain issue or work. ; At the same time, authority also comes from the effectiveness of practical styles, many of which have legal effect. 3. Practical style is strictly normative.

Practical style has strict regulations and specific requirements in terms of name, type, format, relationship between writing, scope of application, terminology, style, etc. 4. Practical style has a strong sense of time.

Practical writing is written to deal with things or solve problems, which requires time guarantees. Personal resume Format of personal resume 1. Before creating a resume, determine in advance who will be the reader.

Then create a resume based on the defined audience. For example, resumes for advertising companies are different from resumes for other companies.

2. The five main parts of a resume are: header, introduction, work experience, educational background, and other (other) miscellaneous items. The miscellaneous section includes military service, publications, speaking engagements, membership in societies, awards and recognitions, computer skills, patents, language skills, licenses and qualifications, and personal interests.

3. Format selection The chronological resume format describes your work experience in reverse chronological order, starting with your most recent position and then working backwards, emphasizing responsibilities and outstanding achievements. This format is suitable if you have an impeccable work history.

The functional resume format emphasizes your special achievements and extraordinary qualifications at the beginning of your resume but does not tie them to a specific employer. Use this format when you are changing careers, have gaps in your employment record, or have other issues where the time series format is inappropriate.

The comprehensive format draws on and combines the advantages of the functional format and the sequential format at the same time. It is (1) a powerful writing format. Introduce your value, credentials, and qualifications at the beginning of your resume (the functional section), and provide supporting content in the subsequent work experience section (the chronological section).

The vast majority of users of the resume format are professional and technical personnel or those applying for positions that only need to list the credentials that can demonstrate the value of the job seeker. For example, actors, singers or musicians, surgeons, and lawyers or certified public accountants may use this type.

4. Do not include salary history and treatment requirements on your resume. If you are asked to provide this information, include it in a cover letter.

(Resume (1) must have a cover letter.) 5. The resume should be unique, courageous and exciting.

A boring resume leads to a boring job. Package your resume in a new, unique and exciting way.

6. Mainly focus on recent work experience. (1) Generally speaking, employers are only interested in work experience within 10 years. A good resume looks like an inverted pyramid. The most recent experience is the most detailed and takes up the most space. Other early work experiences are only briefly mentioned.

7. Unless there are special requirements, computer printing can be used, either laser or inkjet. Paper (1) generally uses white, light gray or beige A4 paper. If you have the original, you can copy it without printing it all ((you) are writing your resume in text, not paper).

If you are a recent graduate or have not worked for a while, you must make special efforts to demonstrate your emotional intelligence, potential, motivation and energy. effort. Emphasize quantifiable factors and your leadership role in the community, school, or other location(s).

Your message to the recruiter shows that you will be a resourceful, innovative and contributing team player. Investigation report The investigation report format (1) is generally as follows: (1) Concepts and characteristics An investigation report is a systematic review of the materials collected during the investigation after an in-depth and detailed investigation of a certain work, a certain event, or a certain problem. (1) A document that organizes, analyzes and studies, and reports the investigation status to the organization and leadership in written form.

Investigation reports have the following characteristics: ((1)) Realism. The investigation report is based on a large amount of realistic and historical data, and uses narrative language to reflect a certain (one) objective thing truthfully.

A full understanding of the facts and a comprehensive grasp of authentic and reliable materials are the basis for writing a good investigation report. (2) Pertinence.

The investigation report (1) generally has a relatively clear intention, and the relevant investigation and evidence collection are aimed at and centered around a certain (1) comprehensive or thematic issue. Therefore, the issues reflected in the investigation report are concentrated and in-depth.

(3) Logic. Investigation reports are inseparable from conclusive facts, but they are not a mechanical stacking of materials, but a rigorous logical argumentation of verified data and facts, to explore the reasons for the development and changes of things, predict the trends of development and changes of things, and reveal the essential nature and regular things to draw scientific conclusions.

2. Classification The main types of investigation reports are as follows: ((1)) Situation investigation report. It is a type of investigation report that more systematically reflects the basic situation of the region and unit.

This kind of survey report square root is to clarify the situation and be used by decision-makers. (2) Typical experience investigation report.

It is a type of investigation report that guides and promotes a certain aspect of work by analyzing typical cases and summarizing new experiences that emerge at work. (3) Problem investigation report.

It is to conduct a special investigation on a certain (one) aspect of the problem, clarify the truth, determine the cause and nature of the problem, determine the harm caused, and put forward ways and suggestions to solve the problem, so as to provide the final solution to the problem. An investigation report that provides a basis for processing and also provides reference and reference for other relevant parties. 7. Compositions are generally divided into several genres

Narratives, argumentative essays, expository essays, essays, and practical essays

1. Narratives refer to articles that record people, narrate, describe scenes, and describe objects. It is mainly narrative, often using description, lyricism, discussion and other techniques. Ancient records and biographies and modern news, communications, biographies, travel notes, etc. all belong to the category of narratives. It is necessary to master the different characteristics of different narrative styles.

2. Argumentative essays refer to articles that mainly focus on argumentation and reasoning. An argumentative essay includes three elements: argument, argument, and demonstration. Ancient literary styles such as treatises, explanations, explanations, and originals all belong to the category of argumentative essays. Master the three elements of argumentative writing, argumentation methods (argumentation and refutation), and argumentation methods (induction, deduction, comparison, etc.). Master the methods of refuting arguments (refute points, refute arguments, refute arguments).

3. Expository writing is mainly used to introduce and explain the characteristics, nature, shape, occurrence, development, category, and function of things or events, and has the characteristics of knowledge and objectivity. Modern instructions and explanations are all expository texts.

4. Prose poetry has the characteristics of both prose and poetry and is a literary genre. Popular in Europe and America in the mid-19th century. Its first characteristic is that it is short in length, has no lines or rhymes, but is rich in lyricism, full of poetic artistic conception, and has inherent musical beauty and rhythm. The second feature is the jumping nature of the content, which uses concise language to create a poetic and picturesque atmosphere. The third feature is the use of symbols, hints and other techniques to expand content and capacity.

5. Practical writing is a variety of practical writing styles in life, as long as it can be expressed clearly.

In addition, writing novels is sometimes required in exams. The three elements of a novel: characters, plot, and environment. The plot of a novel generally includes beginning, development, climax and ending. The environment of the novel includes the natural environment, social environment, and the specific environment of the characters' activities. The novel should create typical characters in typical environments.

Poetry, lyrics, qu (sanqu), and fu all belong to the category of poetry. Understand that poetry has the following characteristics: it reflects life with rich emotions; it makes a highly concentrated summary of life; its language is concise and full of imagery; it is full of rhythm and rhythmic beauty. Understanding words is different from metrical poetry. The words have word tags, and writing words must be limited by the changes in the rhythm of the words, music, and music. The sentence patterns are long and short sentences, the rhymes are more flexible than teaching, and they are not as broad and diverse as poetry in reflecting the content of life. Understand that ballads are generally divided into small orders and sets. The sentences in the Sanqu rhyme, and the whole poem only uses the same rhyme. Understanding Fu is a special literary style formed in the Han Dynasty. It is characterized by its emphasis on literary style, antithesis, rhythm and narrative. It generally adopts a structure of question and answer, suppressing the guest and extending the subject. 8. What three categories can records be divided into?

This genre appeared very early and became popular in the Tang and Song Dynasties.

It can record people and events, mountains and scenic spots, and utensils and buildings, so it is also called "miscellaneous notes". In terms of writing style, most of them are mainly descriptive but also have argumentative and lyrical elements.

"Record" is a genre of prose, which can be used to narrate, describe scenes, or describe objects (record people, events, objects). The purpose of recording scenes is often to express the author's feelings and ambitions (emotions and claims), expounding some of the author's views. The literal meaning of "ji" is to remember. Based on this meaning, "ji" gradually acquired its stylistic meaning and became an article style dedicated to recording in classics and history.

As a kind of In terms of literary style, "ji" gained literary life in the Six Dynasties, entered the literary field in the Tang Dynasty, and expanded its content in the Song Dynasty, becoming more subjective and mature in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

According to historical records, it was named. The number of bibliographies and the total literary concentration of the changes in the content of the chronicle style and the increase and decrease in categories can provide a more objective understanding of the changes in the connotation of "note" as a literary style. An ancient prose style that can narrate, describe scenes, and describe situations. Objects express *** ambitions and elaborate certain views.