(2) Muscle removal: Cut the abdominal skin with scissors, and be careful not to cut the xiphoid cartilage. Then cut it to both sides and pull down the skin in all directions of the front, back and limbs respectively. Be careful not to break your fingers and toes. Cut the body wall and take out all the internal organs. The muscles of the left and right upper scapula were stripped from the transverse processes of the second and third vertebrae, and the left and right forelimbs and shoulder straps were connected by ligaments. When removing the muscles of the forelimb, clamp the forelimb with tweezers and put it in boiling water to make the muscles tighten and harden, which is beneficial to removal. But the time should be short to avoid bone and joint separation. Especially the phalanx, just dip it in boiling water, otherwise the ligament will contract and the phalanx will bend, which will bring difficulties to plastic surgery. When removing the phalanx muscle, you can also put the phalanx on the glass slide first, tie it tightly with thin thread and put it in boiling water to prevent it from curling or falling off. The hindlimb was taken from the joint of femur and waistband, and the muscle was removed according to the forelimb treatment method. Scald the head and spine slightly with boiling water, and then remove the tendons. Take out the eyeball, take out the brain marrow at the foramen magnum with tweezers, and rinse it with clear water. On bones, small broken muscles that are not easy to eliminate can be brushed with a brush until they are clean. For the thin hyoid bone, the muscle should be carefully removed, then sandwiched between two slides, wrapped tightly with thread and naturally dried.
(3) Degreasing: Soak the bone in 0.5% ~ 0.8% sodium hydroxide solution for 1 ~ 3 days to remove some muscles and grease that are difficult to remove from the bone. In the process of soaking, check frequently to prevent the bones from falling apart. Then take it out and rinse it with clean water.
(4) Bleaching: Bleaching with 0.5% ~ 1% hydrogen peroxide for 30 minutes, or soaking with 1% ~ 3% bleaching powder aqueous solution for 1 ~ 3 days. The soaking time should be mastered flexibly, mainly depending on whether the bone has turned white, and it should be taken out immediately after turning white, otherwise the surface of the bone will be corroded and become rough, losing the luster of the bone. The fished bones were washed with clear water and dried.
(5) Shaping and mounting: Take a plastic foam board and put the bones on it. During plastic surgery, the posture of the body and limbs is arranged according to the corresponding position of the bones and fixed with pins to avoid deformation when dry. Scattered bones can be glued together with latex. The two upper scapula are attached to both sides of the transverse process of the second and third vertebrae, and the situation is slightly inclined. The wrist bone of the forelimb and the toe bone of the hind limb can be glued to the foam board with latex. After the bone specimen is made, it is best to keep it in a specimen box.
-Liu Lingyun, Zheng,. 1998. experimental guide to general zoology (second edition) [M]. Higher Education Press, 143- 144.