Cultivated peony is a fleshy root, which prefers temperature to extreme heat and is cold-resistant; I like light but avoid summer exposure, so it is best to choose a weak shade environment for planting. The soil is neutral or slightly alkaline sandy loam, well drained, fertile and slightly wet. If it is not sandy loam, it will be improved by mixing sand with decomposed manure and loess. Soil preparation requires fine soil particles and loose and flat soil. Before soil preparation, apply a proper amount of bactericide to treat the soil, apply base fertilizer, and plow and harrow. High beds should be made in low-lying areas, and it is forbidden to plant plants in low-lying areas where water is easy to accumulate. Before planting, properly prune the roots, cut off the diseased roots and cut off the roots, soak the roots in the mixed solution of bactericide and insecticide for disinfection, and then plant. The planting depth should be flush with the soil surface at the junction of rhizomes. The planting season is from late September of 10 to early October of 10, which should not be too early or too late.

Watering peony is neither drought-tolerant nor waterlogging-tolerant. In the northern region with uneven rainfall and dry air, timely watering is a necessary condition to ensure the vigorous growth of peony. Watering should master the principle of keeping the soil moist, not too wet and not accumulating water. Generally, the seedlings that have just been planted should be watered by water, before winter, and others can be watered according to the situation and flowers. For example, in Luoyang area, it is watered 8 to 10 times a year in normal years. Water it once before and after germination in spring and once before flowering. When flowering, water properly according to the actual situation. After flowering, combine fertilization and water once. Peony is a fleshy root, and no water accumulation is allowed. After the rainstorm, we must pay attention to drainage to avoid root rot of peony. Don't water in rainy season. If it doesn't rain for a long time, consider watering it properly. The newly planted peony was watered in June 5438+1October, once in June165438+1October, and once in February 65438+February. Well water or pollution-free river water is the best choice for water quality. If not, you can use tap water.

Fertilized peony is a fertilizer-loving plant. Rational fertilization is one of the important conditions to make flowers big and colorful and avoid flowering every other year. Peony should be fertilized at least three times a year. The first time is in early spring, when the soil is thawed and the flower buds germinate, the fertilizer mainly composed of organic nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is applied, which is called pre-flowering fertilizer to provide the necessary nutrients for the growth of branches and leaves and the rapid development of flower buds. The second time is to apply fully decomposed cake fertilizer or quick-acting compound fertilizer after flower withering to supplement the nutrients consumed by plant growth and flowering and promote the differentiation of new flower buds. After flowering, the amount of topdressing must be sufficient, not one topdressing, or even two or three topdressing to supplement excessive root nutrition. Before the third fertilization, combined with winter irrigation, decomposed compost or manure was applied to facilitate the safe overwintering of plants and provide nutrients for the germination and growth of the next spring. Peony fertilization should be based on cake fertilizer, and human feces can be used as topdressing. The amount of fertilization should be determined according to the variety, plant size and growth. Generally, 500 grams of cake fertilizer (or 5 kilograms of coarse fertilizer, chemical fertilizer 100 grams) is applied to each five-year-old peony. Before flowering and flower bud differentiation, 0.2% ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was used as topdressing outside the root to promote leaf absorption.

Pruned peony is planted for 2 to 3 years, and then the stem is fixed to determine how many branches the plant leaves. For varieties with weak growth and few branches, generally cut weak and stay strong; The varieties with vigorous growth and many branches leave 3 ~ 5 branches; A vigorous "peony tree" can be pruned into a single dry type. Fixed work is carried out in autumn and winter and completed year by year. In spring, the redundant tillering buds at the root of Paeonia suffruticosa should be removed in time to avoid consuming a lot of nutrients, and all the other branches should be cut off except the spare branches properly selected, so as to promote the development of flower buds at the top of the plant and ensure the full shape of the plant. If there are too many flower buds after pregnancy, they should be removed in time, leaving 1 ~ 2 flower buds on each flower branch to ensure the centralized supply of nutrients, bright flowers and uniform distribution. After flowering, except the seeds, cut off the residual flowers in time. When the leaves fall in autumn, cut off the dry part above the flower branches, and trim the cross branches, parallel branches, inward branches, pest branches, etc. And centralized incineration, reduce the source of pests and diseases.

Prevention is the key to control pests. First of all, we should strengthen the management of fertilizer and water to increase the resistance of peony; Secondly, to improve the local environment and create suitable temperature, humidity and light conditions for the growth of peony, 50% sunshade net should be set when the sun shines in summer.

Common diseases of peony include leaf spot, anthracnose, white silk disease, root rot, root-knot nematode disease and so on. Pests include dry beetles, flies, grubs, etc. In order to control the leaf diseases of peony, it is necessary to prevent leaf spot and anthracnose in advance from May to August every year. Generally, the same amount of Bordeaux mixture is sprayed once every half month for 7 ~ 8 times continuously. Or spraying thiophanate methyl or carbendazim solution every 7- 10 days for 6-7 times. Clean the garden after defoliation, focusing on eliminating dead leaves and broken branches that may spread pests and diseases. White silk disease and root rot mostly occur in the rhizome and root of peony, and the control method is to disinfect the root when planting; Planting should not be too deep; Peony should not be planted in low wetland area, and drainage should be paid attention to in rainy season; Do not apply immature organic fertilizer. Once the disease occurs, the diseased part should be scraped off in time, the roots should be scraped dry, and the soil and plants should be treated with fungicides. When the disease is serious, uproot the diseased plants.

Peony root-knot nematodes occur near the capillary roots of peony, which leads to poor growth and even death of peony. The prevention and control method is to strengthen quarantine; Disinfect the soil with chloropicrin before planting; When nematodiasis occurs after planting, the above chemicals are used for trenching and root application.

In order to control borers and underground pests, grubs or longicorn larvae were killed by root application and watering with ground star or Shennongdan granules. Scallop is one of the most serious pests to peony in recent years. For the first incubation around July, it is necessary to carefully observe the insect situation and seize the opportunity to control it. Common pesticides such as dimethoate EC can kill scallop larvae.

Note that the control period is very important. If you miss the favorable opportunity, you should use special insecticides for scale insects, such as stinging and quick culling. If there are adults on peony plants after defoliation in winter, they can be scraped off manually and then coated with lime-sulfur mixture of 5 Baume degrees to prevent insects and diseases.

Loosening and weeding peony also needs loosing and weeding in the cultivation process, which is generally carried out in combination with watering. Loosen the soil every time you water it, and loosen the soil every time it rains moderately. At the same time, weeds, especially vine weeds, should be removed. In winter, in the slack season, the peony field is turned deep once, 20 to 30 cm deep, which can loosen the soil to increase permeability and promote the growth of fibrous roots.