Osmanthus fragrans originated in southwest, south and east China, and now there are wild resources in Sichuan, southwestern Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei and Zhejiang. Dangui, Abortion Dangui, Rosaceae, Zhuangyuanhong, Yanhonggui, Zaohong Dangui, Mantiaohong
Osmanthus fragrans flowers are orange-yellow, with strong smell, thick leaves and dark colors. Generally, it blooms in autumn, with dark colors, mainly orange, orange and vermilion. Dangui is divided into Mantiaohong, Yanhonggui, Zhuangyuanhong, Zhushagui, Zaohonggui Abortion Dangui and Hard Leaf Dangui. Jingui, Qiugui, Jinqiugui, Fast-growing Jingui, Narrow-leaf Jingui, Willow Sugui and Early-maturing Jingui in Autumn
Jin Guihua is golden yellow, its smell is lighter than that of osmanthus fragrans, and its leaves are thicker. Jingui flowers in autumn, and the main color is yellow (lemon yellow, golden yellow). Among them, Jingui is divided into long-handled Jingui, Qiugui, Jinqiugui, Narrow-leaf Jingui, Willow Sugui and Qiu Jin Zaogui. Jiulong Gui, Zaowan, Baijie Seed, Changye Zaoyingui, Liu Ye, Yulinglong.
The flowers of Cinnamomum cassia are white and slightly yellow, the leaves are thinner than other osmanthus trees, and the fragrance of flowers is almost not as strong as Cinnamomum cassia. Silver osmanthus flowers in autumn, the color is mainly white, showing pure white, milky white, yellow white, and very few special ones will show pale yellow. Yin Gui is divided into Yu Linglong, Liu Ye Yin Gui, Nagano Zao Yin Gui, Zi Yin Gui, Bai Jie, Zao Yin Gui, Late Yin Gui and Kowloon Gui. Simple technology, large reproduction, high speed, high survival rate and low cost. It is the most widely used propagation method for seedling producers and flower lovers.
Cutting time: 1 annual spring shoots can be cut from early March to mid-April, which is the best cutting time. You can also choose semi-mature branches from late June to late August for heel cutting, but it needs high temperature and humidity control.
Cutting and treatment: select strong, full and pest-free branches in the middle and upper part of the tree as cutting. Cut the branches into 10- 12 cm long, and remove the lower leaves, leaving only the upper 3-4 leaves. If possible, put the cuttings into GGR6 solution with a concentration of 50- 100 per million for 0.5- 1 hour, which is beneficial to the rooting of cuttings.
Preparation of soil insertion: the slightly acidic, loose, ventilated and water-retaining soil is used as the cutting substrate. Before cutting, use carbendazim, pentachloronitrobenzene and other drugs to disinfect the inserted soil.
Post-cutting management: mainly controlling temperature and humidity, which is the key to rooting and survival of cutting. The optimum rooting temperature is 25-28℃, and the optimum relative humidity should be above 85%. It can be controlled by shading, arching plastic shed, sprinkling water and ventilation. Secondly, we should pay attention to mildew prevention, because high temperature and high humidity are easy to produce mold, and carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl can be used alternately every week for spray sterilization. Grafting propagation has the advantages of rapid seedling formation, vigorous growth, early flowering and small variation, and is also one of the more commonly used methods.
Rootstock cultivation: L-2-year-old seedlings such as Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum lucidum and Fraxinus microphylla are used as rootstocks. Among them, Osmanthus fragrans grafted Ligustrum lucidum has a high survival rate and rapid initial growth, but the wound healing is not good, and it is easy to break when it is hit by strong wind or external force. Grafting was carried out before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day. There are two methods commonly used in production, one is split grafting and the other is abdominal grafting. It is advisable to select fully lignified 1-2-year-old robust and disease-free branches from adult trees, remove leaves and keep petioles.
Splitting method: If splitting method is adopted, the rootstock should be cut off from the ground by 4-6 cm before grafting in spring. The thickness of the scion should match that of the rootstock, and the section of the scion should be smooth. The key to successful splitting is that the cambium of rootstock and scion should be aligned and tied tightly.
Abdominal grafting: If abdominal grafting is adopted, the rootstock is not broken, and the grafted buds are directly buried in the water of the rootstock, and then the rootstock is broken after successful grafting. No matter which method is used for grafting, it should be grafted with the ear as much as possible. When picking from other places, you must keep the cuttings fresh. It is best to choose sunny and windless weather for grafting. Pay attention to check the survival rate after grafting, and do a good job in patching, wiping buds, cutting rootstocks, removing binding bands, water and fertilizer management, pest control and so on. Osmanthus fragrans can be planted and propagated in addition to cutting and grafting. However, because some varieties have no or few fruits, and the seedlings cultivated by sowing method have a long flowering time, which takes more than 10 years to blossom, and the variation is great, so seedling producers and family flower lovers rarely use this method. The seeds of osmanthus fragrans ripen in May.
Sowing can be divided into two stages after seed collection: first, inserting after harvest can reduce the process of seed storage, and some seeds will germinate and emerge in autumn. Its disadvantage is that it is difficult to manage the seedlings over winter and is vulnerable to freezing injury. Second, the seeds should be stored in the sand after collection, and the seeds should be selected from the sand before sowing in the next spring. Germination and emergence in April. The advantages of this method are: rapid growth of seedlings and low difficulty in seedling management.
When seeding seedlings, we should pay attention to prevent seedlings from dying and getting wet, strengthen water and fertilizer management, replant in time, intertillage and weed, and do a good job in shading, cooling, cold prevention and antifreeze. The layering time should be selected before the germination of spring buds. Because the branches of osmanthus fragrans are not easy to bend, the pressure method is generally not used, but only the high pressure method is used. When using high pressure method, select 2-3-year-old branches with strong growth potential on excellent mother plants, peel off a circle of cortex with a width of 0.3 cm on the branches, then coat GGR6 solution of one million parts per million 100 or NAA with the same dosage on the circle skin, and then fill plastic film with mountain mud, humus soil, moss, etc. And wrap the cut part, pour water on it, and then bind and fix the bag mouth. Always pay attention to observation and replenish water in time to keep the dressing moist. After cultivation in summer and autumn, new roots will grow. The next spring, cut off the branches with roots from the mother branches, untie the bandages, move the soil into the basin, water it, and maintain it in the shade. After a large number of new buds germinate, it will be fully illuminated.
Cultivation: 1 year-old osmanthus seedlings cultivated by planting and cutting. Because of their poor drought resistance, cold resistance and barren resistance, they are not suitable for immediate use as green seedlings. They should be transplanted in the nursery for 2-5 years, and then transplanted. Key points of cultivation management:
Soil preparation: select the slightly acidic sandy loam with sufficient light, deep soil layer, rich humus, strong permeability and convenient irrigation and drainage as the cultivation nursery. In the autumn and winter of the previous year, all the nurseries were reclaimed, and pits were dug according to the specifications of row spacing 1m× 1.5m (two years later, when the plants are long, thick and tall, every other plant will be planted, so that the row spacing will become 2m× 1.5m), and the planting holes will be 0.4m×0.4m×0.4m .. Each hole will be applied with agricultural fertilizer. Mix the base fertilizer with the surface loam and fill it in the pit. Fertilizer is easily absorbed by saplings after being eroded and fermented by winter snow and spring rain.
Transplanting: It is best to transplant when the sap has not yet flowed out or just flowed out, usually from early February to early March. When picking seedlings, leave as many roots as possible and do less harm to the roots. Sow as soon as possible after taking it. If you need to adjust seedlings from other places, pay attention to moisturizing to prevent seedlings from dehydration. After planting, the soil should be compacted and watered once to make the roots of seedlings closely connected with the soil.
Water and fertilizer management: after transplanting, if the nursery is flooded by heavy rain, ditch should be dug for drainage. In case of drought, use water to fight drought. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer, apply fertilizer three times a year, that is, in late March, apply 0. 1-0.3 kg of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer to each plant to promote its growth and bud more; In July, each plant was applied with 0. 1-0.3 kg of effective phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve its drought resistance; From June+10 in 5438, 2-3 kilograms of organic fertilizer (such as farmyard manure) was applied to each plant to improve the cold resistance and prepare for overwintering.
Pruning and shaping: Osmanthus fragrans has strong germination ability and has the characteristics of naturally forming shrubs. It is shot twice a year, in spring and autumn respectively. If it is not pruned and germinated in time, it is difficult to cultivate tall plants, and it is easy to form the phenomenon of dense upper branches and sparse lower branches. When pruning, except for those who are not good because of the growth of trees and branches, we should give priority to thinning branches, only properly thinning out the peripheral branches that are too dense, and cutting off the overgrown branches and pests and diseases to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of plants. Wipe off the sprouted branches at the base of the trunk in time to avoid consuming nutrients in the tree and disturbing the tree shape.
Loosening soil and weeding: intertillage and fertilize in spring and autumn to improve soil structure. Laying the foundation once before wintering and brushing the trunk white once can enhance the cold resistance. Weed 2-3 times a year to avoid the competition between weeds and seedlings for water, fertilizer and light.
Pest control: Osmanthus fragrans has fewer pests and diseases, mainly anthrax, leaf spot, red spider, oyster scale and so on. It can be controlled by bordeaux wave, sulfur mixture, thiophanate, thiophanate methyl, dichlorvos and dicofol.