1. Factors that affect the current level of landscaping maintenance management 1, the concept is backward, and the landscaping maintenance management is not paid enough attention, which requires certain manpower, material resources and financial resources, but the effect is not very significant, which is very different from environmental sanitation management. If the city garbage is not swept for a day, the citizens have great opinions. If the greening of the city is not managed for a while, citizens may not feel it. At the same time, conservation management itself does not create economic indicators, and its ecological and social benefits are not directly reflected in the monetary value, which leads some people to fail to realize the importance of conservation management. At present, both large, medium and small cities, schools, factories and residential quarters generally attach importance to landscaping, but often attach importance to construction rather than management, resulting in low survival rate of seedlings, lack of water and fertilizer, poor growth, and it is difficult to receive the expected landscape effect. 2. The phenomenon of occupying green and destroying green occurs from time to time, and the quality of citizens' demands needs to be improved. At present, the law of protecting landscaping is not perfect, and the responsibilities and authority of landscaping departments are restricted. The phenomenon of occupying green and destroying green occurs from time to time, and some ancient and famous trees also lack necessary protection measures. At the same time, a few people throw rubbish into the green space, carve characters on tree trunks, peel bark for medicine, cut dead branches and climb trees to pick flowers? Greedy approach to the road, across the green belt, leading to the lack of green belt? Even the phenomenon of stealing flowers and digging seedlings will appear, which will bring great difficulties to the maintenance and management of landscaping. 3. The management system is imperfect and the investment in construction funds is insufficient. Landscaping is a public welfare undertaking, and the government still implements the contract system for some landscaping. Landscaping and green space conservation management units still have unclear management responsibilities, weak sense of responsibility of employees, and the principle of "distribution according to work" has not been well realized, which has dampened their enthusiasm for work. Second, the main content of greening maintenance management 1, water all trees, shrubs, flowers and plants except the soil freezing period, water them in time, water them thoroughly every time, and the water depth should be not less than 20cm. In dry and hot weather, water should be sprayed appropriately to cool down, except for frozen water and turning green water (thawing water). The watering frequency is controlled according to the weather conditions, and the general watering frequency is 5 ~ 7 times. 2. Fertilize according to different seasons, different plant species, different tree ages and growth conditions. Generally, trees are mainly applied with spring fertilizer (to promote plant growth) and autumn fertilizer (to promote lignification of plant branches) twice a year, and newly planted seedlings should be applied with decomposed base fertilizer. Fertilize the lawn at least three times a year. Fertilize the lawn evenly and water it in time after spreading. 3. Weeding trees, flowers and plants should regularly remove weeds and loosen the soil, so as not to compete with seedlings for water and nutrients, and improve the ability of soil moisture conservation. When weeding, we should protect the root system, and we should not damage and expose the root system, let alone expose the loess. Lawn weeding should be meticulous and diligent, so that the purity of lawn can reach more than 98%. 4. Pruning includes pruning of trees, shrubs and lawns. 1) Trees are usually pruned before germination and after defoliation. Evergreen trees are not pruned in principle, but generally cut off residual branches, diseased branches, broken branches and drooping branches. Pruning street trees should keep the crown intact and beautiful, the main branches are evenly distributed, the inner room is not empty and ventilated, and the minimum height of branch points is 2.8m, which will not affect the passage of pedestrians and vehicles. Trees should keep a sufficient safe distance from overhead lines, street lamps, signal lamps and transformer equipment. When pruning trees, deciduous trees generally leave no branches, while conifers leave 1 cm ~ 2 cm long branches, and the incision must be smooth and not split, and pay attention to the orientation of buds. 2) Pruning of flowering shrubs, plants and flowers. Considering the growth and development characteristics of various plants, flowering shrubs and plant flowers should be pruned before flower bud differentiation, and the residual flowers should be cut off in time after flower withering, and the flower branches should be medium or heavy and short to promote the growth of strong new buds in the coming year. 3) Hedge pruning. Trim hedges and ribbons with clear outline, neat lines, flat top surface, consistent height and straight side. All-round plastic pruning five times a year, and cut off the branches with prominent plane at any time. After pruning, the leaves and branches on the remaining hedge surface will be removed in time. 4) Lawn mowing. Considering the characteristics of season and grass species, the height of grass should be consistent, the edge should be neat, and the height should be controlled at 6 cm ~ 10 cm. 5. Pest control In our city, aphids are the main pests and diseases of trees. For example, Sophora japonica suffered badly from May to June, so it is best to spray omethoate in advance to prevent diseases. Mao Wei in Hedgerow Jiaodong is generally harmful to powdery mildew in July and August, so carbendazim is used for prevention and control in advance. The prevention and control of lawn diseases and insect pests should focus on prevention and comprehensive management. The pests and diseases of cool-season lawn are serious, so chemical control should be started in early May. The main pests are grubs, aphids, cutworms, armyworms and mites. The main pest in our city is armyworm, which can be controlled by dichlorvos and 39 1 1 or deltamethrin. 6. White-painted cold-proof and antifreeze trees in winter. After June 5438+00, all the trees in our city were prepared with quicklime and sulfur, and the trees were painted white. Winter watering should be started in the middle and late days of 10/0, and watering should be thorough to avoid winter drought. 165438+1at the beginning of October, hedge plants were beaten with bamboo strips. In the middle of the year, cover the plants with woven cold-proof cloth to avoid heavy snow in winter, and safely avoid the cold for winter, so as to help the plants turn green earlier in the next year. In winter, the snow on trees, especially evergreen trees, should be knocked off in time to avoid breaking branches or freezing them, and the snow on the hedgerow cold-proof cloth should be removed in time to protect plants from wintering normally. Third, the methods and ways of greening and maintenance in planting, which is often referred to as "planting three pipes and seven pipes", are all living plants planted in greening, and many units often have high planning and design standards and low construction and maintenance level in landscaping, resulting in short-term good times. In greening maintenance management, it is necessary to understand the particularity and characteristics of planting types and varieties, and focus on the maintenance management of fertilizer, water, disease, insects and pruning. 1. The principle of grassland maintenance is: uniformity, purity and no impurities, evergreen all the year round. According to the data, under the general management level, green grassland (grass in Taiwan Province Province) can be divided into four stages according to the planting time. First, the stage from planting to complete growth refers to the stage from the initial planting of grassland to one year or full coverage (100% full of vacant land), also called complete growth period. The second is vigorous growth period, which refers to 2~5 years after bed, also called vigorous growth period. The third is slow growth stage, which refers to 6~ 10 years after implantation, also known as slow growth stage. The fourth is the degradation period, which means 10~ 15 years after planting, also called the degradation period. Under the high level of protection and management, the grassland degradation period in Taiwan Province Province can be postponed for 5-8 years. The degradation period of coniferous grass is 3~5 years later than that of Taiwan Province grass, while that of big leaf grass is 3~5 years earlier. 2. Management of Greening Trees (1) The method of fertilizer and water management and fertilization is: small trees cooperate with loosening soil to apply liquid fertilizer, and large trees evenly punch holes in the ground within the crown width. In principle, trees over three years old cannot be fertilized. The water management of greening trees is mainly based on young trees, and the principle is to keep moisture and not pollute, and the topsoil is dry but not white. Tall trees, with deep roots and luxuriant leaves, will not affect their growth because of lack of water. Shrubs are short and their roots are short. Potted plants must be drought-resistant, moist and waterlogged to grow normally. (2) Tree management is one of the keys to the success of greening trees through artistic design and careful management. Shrubs should be neat, tangible and orderly. Trees grow constantly and are pruned manually, which can be pruned into spheres, squares, sectors, mushrooms, abstract patterns, lines, column piles and cone piles. You can even weave figures with iron wire or "double dragons playing with pearls", "lion bowling" and "complacent" to let the branches and leaves of shrubs grow in them, and shape them through weaving and pruning. (3) Prevention and control of tree diseases and insect pests The main pests of greening trees are longicorn beetle, psyllid, leaf miner, leaf miner, scale insect, scarab, etc. The main diseases are root rot, powdery mildew and anthracnose. In addition to drug control, litter should be cleaned regularly and kept clean during cultivation, and waterlogging should be eliminated after pruning when necessary, and chemicals should be sprayed. 3. Management of flowers (1) Management of flowers and trees planted on the ground. Tall plants and flowers and trees should not be exposed, and appropriate soil cultivation can prevent overturning. Pruning and covering, cutting off dry branches and leaves in time during growth, and covering the ground in summer and autumn can protect soil moisture, prevent drought and inhibit weed growth. Pest control, spraying pesticides once a month, pruning before and after heavy rain or spraying fungicides, all have control effects. The difference of vine flower management lies in building columns or scaffolding to make it climb and grow. (2) Management of potted flowers The cultivation of potted flowers is divided into two stages. The first stage is to cultivate in the flower bed, and the second stage is to plant in the outdoor square (flower bed) and green space after potted, grow to ornamental value or before and after flowering. To cultivate potted flowers in flower beds, we should first select various seasonal flowers and shade plants for soil preparation, sowing or cutting, and then manage potted flowers in the second stage. Because of the scattered layout, we should focus on three defenses: drought prevention, waterlogging prevention and freezing prevention. Potted flowers are scattered, well ventilated and transparent, and there are few pests and diseases, but they should be carefully checked. Once found, it should be sprayed can by can with a portable sprayer. 4. Management of Bonsai There are a few finished bonsai in landscaping, which are placed in pavilions and special attractions. Their cultivation and management are basically the same as woody potted flowers. The key difference is that they are trimmed and their shapes remain the same. Different bonsai have different artistic shapes, with tall trunks and more branches and leaves. If they are not trimmed, they will lose their original design style and characteristics. The pruning of bonsai needs technicians and gardeners with professional knowledge and skills to operate. The trimming shall not be trimmed, the viewing surface shall not be damaged, and the original genre, style and artistic modeling shall not be lost.
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