Adequate organic fertilizer is the basis of fruit size. Many people have some misunderstandings about fruit tree fertilization. They think that applying base fertilizer in autumn has little effect on fruit size, which is completely wrong. My practice has proved that applying base fertilizer in autumn is the basis of fruit size and quality, and it is also the most important measure for us to manage apple trees.
Why do you say that? Because the content of organic matter in soil is related to soil fertility and soil quality, it also determines the growth of fruit tree roots and their ability to absorb nutrients. Although organic fertilizer releases nutrients slowly, it can provide nutrients for fruit trees for a long time.
I now apply my own fermented organic fertilizer to apple trees every year. Raw materials include sheep manure, human manure, peanut cake, sesame cake, corn stalk, fallen leaves and so on. These raw materials are low in cost, but after fermentation, they are applied to fruit trees with good results. I apply 200~300 kg of this organic fertilizer to each tree every year. After several years of uninterrupted application, the fruit trees grow vigorously, the fruit quality is good, the fruit size is large, and the pests and diseases are obviously reduced.
Grasping nitrogen supplement in spring is the key to fruit size. Flowers fall behind, and young fruits begin the expansion stage of cell division. The number of cell divisions in this period determines the size of the fruit in the later stage. In spring, apple trees need to branch and grow leaves, blossom and set fruit, which needs to consume more nitrogen, and the cell division of young fruits is also inseparable from nitrogen.
Therefore, it is very important for us to supplement nitrogen to apple trees in spring. We also have the saying of three nitrogen, six phosphorus and eight potassium in the fertilizer and water management of apple trees. So how to supplement nitrogen in spring? I don't think it will be very effective to apply a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer at one time in spring.
My practice is to apply nitrogen fertilizer before apple buds and apples bloom, a small amount at a time and twice. Personally, I think this is better. At present, fruit farmers here generally use nitrogen fertilizer alone in spring. I choose high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with some water-soluble fertilizers containing amino acids, fulvic acid and alginic acid, that is to say, nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer, with various elements needed for growth, and at the same time with fulvic acid amino acids to promote the growth of fruit trees.
After bagging, practice nitrogen supplement seriously. After bagging, if we continue to supplement nitrogen fertilizer to apple trees, it will easily lead to poor yellowing of apples and affect the surface brightness and coloring of apples. Therefore, after bagging, be careful when adding nitrogen to apples. If there is a large amount of fruit left, or the fruit expansion effect in the early stage is not very good, nitrogen can be supplemented by combining with other elements.
I usually leave more fruits in the orchard. After bagging, I usually add some low-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizers according to the actual situation of the orchard, and choose some high-phosphorus or high-potassium fertilizers according to the specific situation of the orchard. Nitrogen is only a small amount of supplement, so I will definitely not apply nitrogen fertilizer alone at this time. After comparison, this effect is also good.
It is concluded that the key to fertilizer and water management of apple trees is determined according to the specific conditions of fruit trees. We should be willing to invest, but also spend money, and we should not fertilize indiscriminately to ensure the growth needs of fruit trees. That's the best. At the same time, we should also pay attention to that the apple fruit is not only the management of fertilizer and water, but also the management of pest control and fruit tree pruning. All the management work is complementary and indispensable, and we can't just rely on fertilization.
Hello, everyone, I am a farmer, and I am very happy to answer this question raised by the subject.
As an old fruit grower, Wei Nong wants to talk about his own experience on the question of when and what fertilizer to use if Fuji apples want to grow bigger.
In fact, if you want Fuji apples to grow big, you should not only fertilize them, but also plant them on fertile and loose soil. At the same time, you should pay attention to watering, pruning, thinning flowers and fruits, and controlling pests and diseases. Planting apple trees is a long-term systematic work, and each link is related to the size and quality of apples.
First of all, talk about apple tree planting and soil management, which is the premise and foundation for the healthy growth of apple trees.
First of all, apple trees should be planted in suitable soil. Apple trees should be planted in deep soil, loose soil and high soil organic matter content, which is beneficial to the healthy growth of apple trees. Don't plant apple trees in a cool place with poor light, or in a low-lying place with poor drainage, or in soil with poor air circulation and poor acidity and alkalinity. These places are not conducive to the growth of apple trees, nor can they grow big apples.
Second, we should pay attention to soil management and improve soil fertility. As a fruit grower, if you want apples to grow up, you must pay attention to soil management. It is necessary to change the traditional bad habit of not fertilizing or watering. Re-application of decomposed farm manure, organic manure and biological bacterial manure can be combined with fertilization, burying crop straws, planting grass in orchards, or planting green manure. So as to improve soil organic matter, deepen soil regularly every year, improve soil aggregate structure, improve soil fertility and lay a good foundation for apple tree growth.
Secondly, when and what fertilizer should be applied to the apple tree? This is the problem of the subject and the necessary condition for the apple to grow up.
Fertilization of apple trees should be carried out according to the method of three nitrogen, six phosphorus and potassium in August and organic fertilizer in October. This fertilization experience summarized by fruit farmers is very reasonable. It is clear when and what fertilizer should be suitable for Fuji apple trees. As long as we combine our own tree potential and soil fertility and apply fertilizer according to this method, we can make Fuji apples grow bigger.
First of all, the decomposed farmyard manure should be applied in 10 every year. After picking apples, you should supplement nutrition in time. It can be applied with decomposed farmyard manure, organic manure and biological bacterial manure, and compound fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer. The base fertilizer should be applied as soon as possible, so that the nutrients can be fully transformed, absorbed, utilized and stored by the apple root system, which is beneficial to the flower bud differentiation and stress resistance of the apple tree.
Second, topdressing available nitrogen fertilizer in March of the growing season. In the growing season of apple trees, topdressing should be done in time to supplement the required nutrients according to the growth of apple trees and fruits and the demand for nutrients. Early spring and March are the time when apple trees germinate and bloom, and the demand for nitrogen fertilizer is relatively large. Therefore, it is necessary to apply an appropriate amount of available nitrogen fertilizer to supplement the demand for nitrogen nutrition for apple trees to blossom and bear fruit, and improve the flowering rate, pollination rate and fruit setting rate.
Phosphate fertilizer should be topdressing in June. June is the peak time for apple trees to stop growing, flower bud differentiation and root growth in spring, and the demand for phosphorus is relatively large, so compound fertilizer or water-soluble fertilizer with high phosphorus and potassium can be applied topdressing. Combined with pesticide spraying, foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and fertilizers of medium and trace elements such as calcium, boron, magnesium and zinc can promote flower bud differentiation, apple expansion and root growth of apple trees.
Potassium fertilizer should be supplemented in August. August is the mature period of apple expansion, and the demand for potassium is relatively large. We can apply high-potassium and high-phosphorus compound fertilizer or water-soluble fertilizer, and spray foliar fertilizers with medium and trace elements such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium and boron on the leaves to promote the expansion and maturity of apples.
Thirdly, talk about apple tree pruning, thinning flowers and fruits, controlling pests and diseases, watering and other issues, which are very important to ensure the normal growth of apples.
First, scientific and reasonable pruning, ventilation and light transmission. According to the situation of trees, the method of combining winter cutting with summer cutting is adopted to enhance the light and improve the permeability of the crown. Generally speaking, plastic pruning should be carried out in winter, and the main backbone branches should be kept according to the crown skeleton, and too many long branches, too dense supporting branches, overlapping branches, cross branches and pests and diseases branches should be cut off. Summer pruning should pay attention to more hands and less cutting, and adopt methods such as pulling branches, rubbing branches, taking branches, slightly twisting and coring. Breaking the crown seal, opening the light path, cultivating fruiting branches, creating conditions for the growth of apple trees and improving the quality of apples.
Second, flowers and fruits should be carefully trimmed and the load should be reasonable. Apple trees consume a lot of nutrients when they bloom and bear fruit, so we must pay attention to thinning flowers and fruits. Flowers should be thinned early. Before the flower buds appear red, they should be re-cut before flowering. By cutting off slender flower clusters and long flowers, the flowering amount can be reduced. Flowers should be thinned before inflorescence separation to reduce nutrient consumption. After the apple withers, the fruit should be thinned in time, such as fruit types, pests and diseases, weak fruits, etc., and the fruit should be kept at about 25~30 cm. Only when the load is reasonable can larger apples grow.
The third is pest control, early prevention and early treatment. According to the occurrence law of apple tree diseases and insect pests, especially in several key periods, early prevention and early treatment should be achieved. For example, in late autumn, early winter and early spring, we must carefully and thoroughly kill overwintering pests and diseases and reduce the base of orchard pests and diseases. Then, after the apple is set, it should be coated with medicine and calcium three times before bagging to prevent the harm of pests and diseases to the young fruit. In addition, care should be taken to protect the leaves after bagging.
The fourth is reasonable watering, see dry and wet. Apple trees can't grow without water, so we should pay attention to watering according to the soil moisture to ensure the balance and unity of the soil moisture in the orchard, and we can't be dry and wet. According to soil moisture, fertilizer and water should be combined to promote nutrient melting. Don't drown with water. Sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation and canal irrigation should be adopted. At the same time, pay attention to drainage when there is more rain to prevent the orchard from accumulating water for a long time, which will affect the root growth and nutrient absorption and utilization of apple trees.
To sum up, working on apple trees is a long-term and systematic work, and every link is related to whether Fuji apples can grow up, so we should do it seriously. As far as fertilization is concerned, it is necessary to apply fertilizer according to the method of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in August and organic fertilizer in 10.
The above are personal views of farmers, for reference only. Welcome to criticize and correct me.
Key words: Red Fuji grows well, and chemical fertilizer is applied in time. The basis of ensuring timely application of chemical fertilizer is to apply sufficient organic fertilizer (decomposed farm manure, bacterial manure and special bagged organic fertilizer).
Therefore, for chemical fertilizers, it is generally nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. In my hometown of Pingliang, Gansu, it is generally urea, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, or a combination of urea and phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
There are three important periods of applying chemical fertilizer in a year. They are:
1, the first time period: it is early spring every year, usually from the 20th day of the first lunar month to the 10th day of February. It was some time before the apple tree sprouted, and the soil had thawed. Generally speaking, the methods of applying chemical fertilizer are strip application and furrow application. Of course, you can also use some fertilizer. Generally speaking, according to my family's fertilization standard this year, the fertilization method seems to have little to do with tree age.
During this period, the fertilizer applied is more comprehensive, and all urea, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer must be given. Therefore, some fruit farmers say that this is spring "nitrogen supplement", which is also correct. In my opinion, this is "spring base fertilizer".
Because at this time, the application of chemical fertilizer usually needs to cooperate with farmyard manure. Of course, the rhythm and collocation of fertilization in my family this year are different from those in the past, which I will talk about later in the question and answer.
2. The second time period: usually from July to August every year. This is the apple fruit expansion period to the coloring period. The expansion period is all apple fruits, and the coloring period is mainly Hua Niu Apple in Pingliang and Tianshui rural areas of Gansu Province.
There is a very important basis for applying chemical fertilizer at this stage, that is, it must be carried out after weeding in the orchard in summer. At this time, the application of chemical fertilizer is usually carried out in the form of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and it can also be combined with some appropriate nitrogen fertilizer and urea. It is the time period with the least amount of chemical fertilizer in a year.
It should be noted that phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer can be applied to the soil in the form of compound fertilizer or separately, but my suggestion is that nitrogen fertilizer and urea should be sprayed in the form of foliar fertilizer instead of simply fertilizing the soil. This will not happen in my family.
Then the biggest difference between fertilization in this period and the other two periods is that foliar fertilizer needs to be matched, so everyone must spray foliar fertilizer well, and there are many kinds and quantities of various elements needed for the growth of apple trees and fruits during this period, so everyone can spray and apply it well.
3. The third time period: generally, it is around the end of 10, in my rural hometown of Gansu, before autumn and winter. At this time, the apple tree is about to enter the winter dormancy period, so this is also the period of maximum fertilization in a year.
When I answered 1, I said that my family generally divides fertilization into two periods, one is early spring, and the other is after this autumn and before winter.
Then the fertilization at this time must be a combination of urea nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and sufficient decomposed farmyard manure and bacterial manure should be applied. If the amount of organic fertilizer is sufficient after autumn and before winter, it can be applied together with chemical fertilizer in early spring of the following year. This rhythm is the routine operation of fertilization in my apple orchard.
My apple tree was fertilized in this way the year before last and last autumn, mainly because of insufficient fertilization in spring. Of course, some fruit farmers think that fertilization after autumn and before winter is better than early spring. After practice, it is really good, especially for the absorption of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.
This can greatly reduce the workload of fertilization in early spring. Generally, only urea and phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (which can be applied alone) and some bacterial fertilizers can be used.
To sum up hello, I'm glad to answer your question!
1. Red Fuji apple trees need less nitrogen fertilizer than ordinary varieties, but more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was1:1:1.5; Nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied during fruit expansion, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied more. In addition, a certain amount of trace elements such as calcium, boron, manganese, zinc and molybdenum are needed to ensure the normal growth of red Fuji apple trees. Stop applying nitrogen after August, spraying compound phosphate fertilizer or applying potassium fertilizer alone. The investigation shows that applying potassium fertilizer alone in August can make the fruit color better, and the age is not significant.
2, soil organic matter content should reach 2%-3%. More organic fertilizer should be applied to the orchard, and the average young trees (1-3-year-old trees) are 5000 kg per mu every year; The first fruiting period (4-7-year-old trees) yields 7500 kilograms per mu; Trees (more than 8 years old) in full fruit period should be applied per mu 10000 kg.
3. At different age stages, the types and amount of fertilizers needed are different. Young trees grow strongly and need more nitrogen fertilizer. Ammonia nitrogen fertilizer should be given priority to, supplemented by appropriate phosphorus fertilizer. The demand for phosphorus and potassium fertilizer increased because of the rich fruits in the full fruit stage. On the basis of ensuring the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, especially potassium fertilizer, should be increased to improve the fruit quality. In order to promote the regeneration and growth of old trees, nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately increased while ensuring phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
4. The demand of young trees for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased with the increase of temperature, reaching the peak in July and August, and gradually decreasing in the later period. Young trees should be fertilized more in the early stage and less in the later stage. The demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is always high and stable from germination to harvest, and fertilization should be based on nitrogen and phosphorus in the early stage, supplemented by potassium; In the middle stage, phosphorus and potassium are dominant, supplemented by nitrogen; In the later stage, potassium is the main factor, supplemented by phosphorus.
5. Red Fuji is a potassium-loving variety. According to the experiment conducted by the technical department of Jin Huan Farm, the incidence of apple rot was 80% under partial nitrogen application, while that of trees with more potassium application was only 4%. Therefore, it is suggested that more potassium fertilizer should be applied to red Fuji apple trees.
6, sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer, a little excessive, that is, cause vigorous growth, weak tree potential, affect flowering, fruiting and coloring, easy to be infected and rotted. According to Japanese data, for every 100 kg of fruit produced by Red Fuji, only 0.35-0.5 kg of pure nitrogen is needed for the whole year, which is about twice that of ordinary apple varieties.
7. Apply base fertilizer early. Base fertilizer should be applied as early as possible before fruit picking in early autumn. If it is really difficult to enter, it should be applied more quickly after the fruit is picked. At the same time, spray 1%-2% urea solution and add 0.5%- 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
8. Apply 40-50 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.25-0.5 kg of compound fertilizer to each young tree, and spray 0.3% urea or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3-5 times in the growing season. For the trees in full fruit stage, the organic fertilizer is basically 0.5- 1 kg per kilogram of fruit, and the organic fertilizer is mainly sheep manure, chicken manure and human manure; Apply available nitrogen fertilizer 1.5-3 kg per plant;
Every fruit grower may have his own successful experience and views on when to apply chemical fertilizer to make apples grow. Because the business tree has been built for decades, it is natural to explore some experience more or less.
According to my years of experiments and exploration, I germinated last time.
Uncle Wang, mainly organic fertilizer and ternary. What we are talking about here is big fertilizer, and water-soluble fertilizer can be applied at 369.
Weak trees are mainly nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer. Big-year trees and small-year trees, there are strong trees and weak trees.
Use it once between August and early September.
The lush trees are mainly potash fertilizer and organic fertilizer.
Weak trees, on the basis of applying potassium and organic fertilizer, should increase nitrogen. Because a slightly prosperous or moderately robust tree can bear large fruits with good brightness and bright colors. The tree is weak, the fruit is small, there is no light and the quality is poor.
Why do you need to apply fertilizer once from August to September? Because the fertilizer we applied in spring has been basically consumed after the fruit trees sprout, grow branches, grow leaves, expand young fruits and differentiate flower buds, so it is difficult to meet the later fruit expansion. So it is very important to fertilize once in August and September.
After years of observation, the rapid expansion of apples in the later period is mainly from peeling to picking. Most apples are one centimeter long.
Of course, the phenology of different places is different from that of underground organic matter, and the growth characteristics may be different, but at least in the northwest loess plateau such as Qin' an and Jingning in Gansu Province.
Hello, I am a fruit farmer in Qixia, Shandong. I own 10 mu orchard. I won't tell you anything elegant. It feels as simple as managing the orchard. If you want apples to grow, it is very important to prune and fertilize them correctly. Let's talk about fertilizer. No base fertilizer is applied in autumn. Root irrigation in spring, watering before flowering, sprinkling ammonium bicarbonate, 2-3 bags per mu. This fertilizer is the cheapest. Use high quality calcium fertilizer. I don't know where your friend is, because the phenology is different. I said that it was probably 265,438+0 water-soluble fertilizer sprayed three times after the flower withered. Follow up the water-soluble compound fertilizer in July and August. Only 0 K, my fruit is basically more than 80, and it can reach about 80. How simple is it? Simple and rude. It feels good. The following is the fertilizer I use for your reference.
I am an apple grower in Yanyuan, Sichuan. Let me answer, I hope I can help you. The first is spring fertilizer, which is usually applied before flowering 15 days. Nowadays, fruit farmers rarely mix fertilizers by themselves, but buy compound fertilizers directly. In spring, they have to buy compound fertilizer with high nitrogen content. I said, five bags of 80 kg compound fertilizer, and I added a bag of urea. I don't know how to say it, but it works well. Then there is strong fruit fertilizer, which is the key. At this time, a certain amount of fertilizer must be used. If applied in this period, apples will be the same every day, and the potassium content of strong fruit fertilizer is high, because potassium fertilizer is to increase the sugar content and brightness of apples. In the end, Qiu Fei couldn't save it. Autumn fertilizer can promote flower buds to be full. The fuller the bud, the earlier it will bloom in the next year. Everyone knows that the first flowers are big fruits, so autumn fertilizer must also be applied.
Fertilization is very important to grow a big apple, as well as water and fruit thinning in the early stage. Only when several factors are coordinated can we grow high-quality apples.
In apple planting, the size of apple is one of the important factors to judge the quality, and it also plays a decisive role in the output of apple. For this reason, every fruit grower hopes to plant a high proportion of large apples, but the size of apples can not be separated from fertilizer and water management, so as to ensure that apples grow with sufficient nutrients and water, which requires us to apply appropriate fertilizers at the right time to increase the number of apples and ensure the improvement of quality and yield.
First of all, we should have a clear understanding of the annual growth and fertilization of apple trees. If you want to make apples big, beautiful and bright, you must look at the annual fertilization, which is the basis for improving the quality of apples. As the saying goes, "Rome wasn't built in a day", so is the fertilization of apple trees. We must do a good job of topdressing each fertilizer in the future.
(1), make good use of base fertilizer and consolidate the foundation.
Applying base fertilizer is the basis of fertilization for fruit trees, and it is the most important fertilization for fruit trees in a year. Cannot be omitted. It is the focus of fruit tree fertilization, and other topdressing is carried out on this basis. The size of apple fruit is closely related to the application of base fertilizer, which maintains the nutrient supply of fruit trees for one year, thus providing comprehensive and sufficient nutrients for apple expansion.
The application of base fertilizer to apple trees is usually in autumn or spring, but the effect will be better in autumn. Organic fertilizer should be given priority to, combined with compound fertilizer, with sufficient dosage and complete supplementary elements. In particular, organic fertilizers and biological fertilizers must be applied more to ensure adequate use in the coming year. This is the basic fertilization to realize the large, bright and colorful apple fruit.
(2) Daily topdressing should also be timely and appropriate.
In the face of the daily topdressing of apple trees, we should not be careless. Top dressing must be timely and reasonable according to the growth of trees, generally achieving the so-called "three nitrogen, six phosphorus and eight potassium", especially topdressing in spring and before harvest, which is very meaningful for the expansion and growth of apples. As for the rainy season in summer, appropriate fertilization can also be applied according to the growth of trees and fruit yield, so as to prevent the supply of fruit trees from being interrupted in the middle of growth and affect the expansion and growth of apples.
Second, seize the two critical periods of apple expansion and make good use of fertilizer. As we all know, there are two critical periods for Apple's expansion and growth. In these two stages of expansion and growth, we must not lack water and fertilizer, which will lead to the slow growth of Fuji apples, and eventually lead to the smaller fruit volume, which will affect the quality and yield.
The growth of Fuji apple in these two expansion periods plays a decisive role in the fruit size. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement fertilizer to avoid affecting the normal development and growth of apples. As for the middle stable period, fertilization or spraying can be reasonable according to the actual situation of fruit trees, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be reasonably adjusted according to the fruit hanging amount of trees.
Third, what problems should be paid attention to in topdressing during the whole apple growth process? First of all, beware of excessive nitrogen application.
Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer is a common problem in apple fertilizer in recent years. Many fruit farmers only look at the fertilizer price and one-sided understanding of fertilizer, only pursue the heavy yield of apple fruit and ignore the improvement of other quality, especially when the rainy season comes, the negative impact is also very great. Fruit trees are flourishing in spring, and poor lignification of branches is not conducive to nutrient accumulation of fruit trees.
Second, fertilizer selection should be appropriate when applying fertilizer.
There are all kinds of fertilizers on the market now. The choice of fertilizer should first be a product with guaranteed quality, and second, it should conform to the actual situation of our own fruit trees. Don't blindly follow the trend and use fertilizer. What is suitable for other people's families may not be suitable for our own fruit trees. Before the rapid expansion period of apples, we should choose quick-acting fertilizers, such as high-efficiency water-soluble fertilizers that are fashionable now, and compound fertilizers with relatively low price and high cost performance can be selected in the stable period (summer rainy season).
Third, control the dosage and be careful not to spray frequently.
Fertilization is the key to improve the size of apple fruit, but it should not be applied excessively, resulting in a lot of cost and unnecessary trouble. If the garden soil pollution is serious and the physiological diseases of apples are frequent, then don't rely too much on foliar spraying to prevent the root potential of fruit trees from declining, which is not conducive to the long-term growth and development of fruit trees. It is best to carry out root application, which can be carried out by spreading, washing and shallow digging of soil.
Therefore, fertilizer and water are one of the basic factors to improve the quality of apple fruit. Therefore, it is necessary to apply fertilizer in a timely and reasonable manner to make it have sufficient nutrients in the growth process, but it is also necessary to proceed from its tree potential and not blindly apply fertilizer aimlessly. At the same time, fruit thinning should be done well to make it load reasonably, and pruning should be done well in summer to improve the photosynthesis of fruit trees, improve the nutrient absorption and transformation ability of apple fruits and ensure good coloring surface.
If apples want to be big, comprehensive management measures should be taken, such as variety, pruning, illumination, thinning flowers and fruits, bagging, pest control, soil, fertilizer and water management, etc. For most people, as long as they apply enough fertilizer, they can get a big apple, which is only a little bit, but it is not the only one. Let's talk about how apples are fertilized.
1, base fertilizer
The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer combined with quick-acting chemical fertilizer. Organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer can be applied at one time, and available nitrogen fertilizer is applied at 50%-60% of the annual fertilization amount. The time of applying base fertilizer is generally in early spring or winter. There are many ways to apply base fertilizer. You can open an annular ditch or a strip ditch along the projected outer edge of the crown, with a width of about 50 cm and a depth of 30-40 cm, and then mix the organic fertilizer, soil and chemical fertilizer.
2. Topdressing
Topdressing is mainly applied to quick-acting fertilizers to meet the urgent need of fruit trees for fertilizers. Generally, topdressing can be divided into four times.
1. Topdressing before sprouting, topdressing in early spring, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, combined with intertillage, in order to increase soil temperature and water content, promote the growth of new shoots, form a larger leaf area as soon as possible, and improve photosynthesis.
The second is fertilizer after flowering. If the amount of fertilization before flowering is sufficient, the fertilization after flowering can be ignored or less pursued, with nitrogen fertilizer as the main factor and appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
The third is to promote fruit fertilizer, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and make it change from healthy growth to reproductive growth.
4. Apply post-harvest fertilizer in early autumn, mainly phosphorus and potassium, with appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer to promote flower bud differentiation and improve tree storage nutrition.
3, foliar spraying fertilizer
Apple can be sprayed with fertilizer on leaves or dry branches at all growth stages, which can be directly absorbed by leaves, with quick effect and high fertilizer utilization rate. It is an emergency remedy besides base fertilizer and topdressing. Trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, sulfur, boron, zinc, manganese and copper can be supplemented by foliar spraying.
The yield of apples depends on scientific and skilled fertilization. In order to improve the yield of apples and produce high-quality apples, fertilization should not only consider the effect on apple trees, but also consider the needs of fruit nutrition, so that these nutrients can be accumulated in fruits in an appropriate amount and proportion. Fertilization should be based on the characteristics of different tree species, and it is very important to arrange the amount of fertilization and the collocation of fertilizer elements reasonably.
Fuji apple should not only have a long and big head, but also ensure that the surface gloss of the apple is good and there is no bitter bean disease, so we should work hard on what fertilizer to use and when to fertilize the apple. 1. Immediately after picking apples, topdressing the bio-organic fertilizer containing bacteria necessary for apples, matching with appropriate compound fertilizer containing high nitrogen, medium phosphorus and low potassium, and medium and trace elements necessary for apple growth, such as calcium, boron, zinc and iron. And add some available nitrogen, such as ammonium bicarbonate and urea, before the apple blooms next year. At the end of bagging, that is, in the middle of June and July of Gregorian calendar, the compound fertilizer containing high potassium, medium phosphorus and low nitrogen can be increased or decreased according to the bagging amount per plant. For example, the soil can be fed at one time, and the sandy soil with easy loss of fertilizer and water can be topdressed with chemical fertilizer in August according to the growth of apples. Only in this way can apples be big and bright.