Deciduous trees, height10-12m; The bark is grayish brown and longitudinally cracked. Buds are broadly ovate or conical, brown pilose or glandular hairy. Branchlets yellowish brown, rough, glabrous or sparsely pilose, immediately bald, lenticels small, inconspicuous. The length of pinnate compound leaves is15-25 cm; The petiole is 4-6 cm long, and the base is not thickened; The leaf axis is straight, the upper cover is shallow, it is initially sparse and then bald; 5-7 leaflets, hard paper, oval or obovate oblong to lanceolate, 3- 10 cm long and 2-4 cm wide. The terminal lobule is about the same size as or slightly larger than the lateral lobule, with an acute apex to an acuminate tip, a blunt or wedge-shaped base, neat serrated leaf margin, hairless upper part, hairless lower part or sometimes white villous along both sides of midvein, and the midvein is flat to the upper part. Petiole is 3-5 mm long. Panicle terminal or axillary branch, 8- 10 cm long; Peduncle 2-4 cm long, glabrous or puberulent, smooth and without lenticels; Flowers dioecious; Male flowers are dense, calyx is small, bell-shaped, about 65438±0mm long, without corolla, and anthers and filaments are nearly equal in length; Female flowers are alienated, calyx is large, barrel-shaped, 2-3 mm long, 4-lobed, style slender, stigma 2-lobed. Samara is spoon-shaped, 3-4 cm long and 4-6 mm wide, with the widest middle and upper part, sharp top, often plow-shaped, tapering at the base, spreading wings and extending down to the middle of the nut, which is cylindrical and about 65438 0.5 cm long; Persistent calyx clings to the base of nut, often splitting on one side and deeply splitting. The flowering period is April-May and the fruiting period is July-September. Habits: Trees are drought-resistant, moisture-resistant, high-temperature-resistant, like fertilizer, water and sunshine.
Distribution: northern and southern provinces. Most of them are cultivated artificially, and they are also found in mixed forests in mountainous areas at an altitude of 800- 1600 meters. Vietnam and North Korea are also distributed.
This species has a long history of cultivation in China and is widely distributed. The main economic use is to raise white wax insects to produce white wax, especially in southwest provinces. The branches and leaves planted in the mountainous areas of southwest Guizhou are particularly wide, and they are often semi-wild in mountainous areas. It is barren and drought-tolerant, and can grow in mild saline-alkali soil. The plant has strong germination, straight wood, rapid growth, softness and tenacity, and can be used to make various utensils; Bark is also used as medicine. 1, pruning and shaping of ash stumps
The new buds germinated in the first year should be treated according to the strength of the sprouting branches of each stump.
For Wang Shu, usually after beginning of autumn in early August, when most branches grow to more than 40cm, the branches are fixed, leaving the branches in line with the modeling direction, leaving 1-2 branches for the clustered branches, and removing the rest. According to the planting pile area, apply urea fertilizer every other week, per square meter 10g ~20g, to promote the new branches to be strong. Because ash trees can grow when the daily average temperature is above 150c, as long as water, fertilizer and sunshine are sufficient for new piles, the diameter of the base of flourishing branches can reach more than 20mm when frost occurs that year. Therefore, for the terminal branches, the tip should be controlled first (for the rapidly formed commercial piles, the first-grade branches can be cut and the second-grade branches can be cut at the end of the year). Thick branches are needed at the bottom, and other parts are left for growth. In the process of management, it is necessary to observe at any time and find that the redundant branches sprouting at the base of the main branches should be erased in time, otherwise the crazy branches will suddenly grow and consume nutrients in vain, which will affect the growth and thickening of plastic branches. After the frost leaves fall, you can go to the basin. Dig out the pile material from the sand bed, shake off the gravel at the root, cut off the long roots and branches. According to the size of the pile, fill in nutrient soil, and add a fence on the shallow basin to prevent the fibrous roots from exposing the soil surface of the basin. Finally, water adequately and strengthen overwintering management. If the sand bed is not in a hurry, it can be trimmed in winter, and it is better to go to the basin on the eve of spring germination.
For weak branches, although they germinate and sprout, the roots do not grow or grow sparsely, so they should continue to be planted in sand beds until the roots and branches grow vigorously in the next year. Don't rush to prune the pot, it will affect the survival rate.
2. Fraxinus mandshurica branch modeling
Fraxinus mandshurica is a fast-growing tree species with vigorous growth. After one year's cultivation and pruning, most branches can be pruned and stored in the next year, except for a few terminal transitional branches, floating branches and drooping branches that are deliberately left long and thick. In the early stage, primary and secondary branch tying (pulling) is the main method, supplemented by pruning, and in the later stage, pruning is the main method, supplemented by branch pulling. Pruning techniques are generally used, pruning from top to bottom to suppress the strong and help the weak. First up and then down: cut the upper branches of the tree first, then cut the middle branches after a while, and then cut the upper branches every few days. For the same branch, cut the upward branch first, and then cut it when the parallel branch grows thicker than the previous branch. Restrain the strong and help the weak: cut the upper strong branches for a few days first, and then cut the weak branches when they grow to a certain thickness. Objective to match the thickness of the branch with its position.
For particularly lush trees, in addition to paying attention to control at ordinary times, you can also pick the leaves and cut them into fixed branches.
After the first frost in autumn, when the trees wither due to frost, the branches are bare, which is very conducive to observing the direction of branches (slices), interspersed back and forth, strewn at random, location and shape. At this time, you can carefully trim the branches and tie them. It can be cut in place with scissors, and after it is cut in place, it can be drawn in place with aluminum wire winding and bending; Some branches are too high or the direction is not good, so use aluminum wire or rope to pull them in place. Pay special attention to its opposite branches and frog leg branches: the fixed branches on the trunk should be staggered with the first and second branches, and the opposite branches should be cut off; Frog leg branches can be cut short, or they can be changed into crutches while growing. The management and maintenance of Fraxinus mandshurica bonsai can be summarized by "big water, big fertilizer and big sun". Big water: that is, there must be enough water, and wet is better than dry; Large fertilizer: thin fertilizer should be applied frequently during the growth period, once every 5-7 days, so as to facilitate the absorption of trees and avoid the waste of fertilizer solution. Fertilization time is usually carried out in sunny afternoon when the basin soil is dry, and the leaves are washed with water after fertilization. On rainy days, the soil in the basin is wet, and the roots are not breathing well, so it is not easy to absorb after fertilization. Big sun: even in dog days, as long as the water keeps up with the high temperature and strong sunshine of 380c~400c, it can be seen to sprout and grow, and branches rarely cut themselves, indicating that it is particularly adaptable. The simplest way to judge whether there is water shortage, fertilizer shortage and sunshine shortage is to observe the germination of its new buds: when fertilizer, water and sunshine are sufficient, the branches extending from the top of the tree are thick, and the tender branches and leaves are purple. When insufficient, the branches are thin and the young leaves are light green.