Peach is a plant of Rosaceae and Peach.

Peach is suitable for high temperature and humid climate. Representative varieties such as Yurutao and Baihua Peach.

Peach tree is a shallow-rooted fruit tree, and the main root groups are mostly distributed in 60 cm soil layer. As long as the soil temperature, humidity, ventilation and nutrition are suitable throughout the year, peach roots can grow all year round. There are two growth peaks in a year, May-June and 9- 10.

Cultivation techniques of peach

Garden construction and planting

Deep ploughing and soil improvement are the keys to high yield in orchards. The orchard should be turned 60 to 80 cm deep, and the topsoil and weeds should be sprinkled with lime and buried at the bottom. When planting, 0.5 kg of calcium superphosphate and 50 kg of decomposed manure are applied to each hole as base fertilizer. During the planting period of 1 to 2 years, the orchard will plant green manure to enrich the soil, and then dig deep and expand the hole once a year, laying a good foundation for high yield of peach trees.

Peach saplings are grafted from spring to Huangmei season. Pick the desired peach buds and graft them on the peach seedlings. After ten days and a half, the grafted buds will turn green and survive. At this time, remove other buds and let the grafted buds grow. They can be transplanted in the next spring, and usually bloom and bear fruit three years later.

Selecte slightly acidic sandy soil or sandy loam with good drainage, deep soil layer and PH value of 5.5-6.5, and dig big holes for planting; Terraces should be built on low hills and slopes, with planting density of 40-50 plants per mu in flat land and 50-60 plants in mountainous areas.

Fertilization and topdressing

Base fertilizer advocates the application of winter fertilizer and autumn fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, accounting for 60% to 70% of the annual fertilization. Generally, the base fertilizer per mu is 2000kg or the special fertilizer for fruit trees150 kg; Per mu. The frequency, time and dosage of topdressing vary according to varieties, tree ages, cultivation management methods, growth and development periods and external conditions. Generally, pre-bud fertilizer, strong fruit fertilizer and post-harvest fertilizer are the main fertilizers. In addition, topdressing outside the roots is a necessary supplement to soil fertilization. Because peach trees are sensitive to trace elements, they are prone to temporary relative deficiency. Therefore, 0.2% boric acid aqueous solution was sprayed at the initial flowering stage, 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 ~ 2 times according to different varieties from late May to early September, and 0.2% ~ 0.3% calcium nitrate was sprayed at the middle growth stage of fruits.

control of insect

To prevent and control diseases, we must first clear the garden in winter and remove diseased branches and leaves in time in combination with winter pruning; Before and after beginning of winter, the trunk was painted white; Spraying Pomei 5-degree sulfur mixture before germination in early spring to control brown rot, anthracnose, scab, leaf shrinkage and other diseases in the growing period. Pests that harm peach trees include aphids, pear moth, green leafhopper, peach moth, thorn moth, military pest, mulberry white scale and so on. , should be sprayed in time according to the situation.

Plastic trimming

Reasonable plastic peach trees like light, and the purpose of plastic surgery is to ventilate and transmit light and cultivate a natural happy crown. After survival, the stem is fixed at 60-80 degrees from the ground, and 3-4 branches are left as main branches after germination, and the branch angle is controlled at about 60 degrees and the spacing is about 10mr. When the main branch grows to 50-60cm, leave a short section of about 40cm, and leave the cut buds outward so as to continue to extend outward. After short cutting, take two or three long branches from the top as secondary main branches. When the main branch is extended to 50-60cm, it is chopped again, and the long branches and long branches that grow upward are cut off from the base.

Flexible pruning

(1) Young tree pruning. Summer is mainly about picking the heart and removing unreasonable branches. Winter is mainly about taking shortcuts. According to the characteristics of young trees with long fruit branches, try to keep long fruit branches and leave 6 ~ 8 flower buds for short cutting. The spacing between the middle fruit branches in the middle and lower part of the crown should be about 10cm. If it is too dense, it should be thinned out in time. The well-positioned developing branches are reserved as auxiliary branches, and they are properly chopped and cultured into fruiting branches.

(2) Pruning of adult trees. In summer, it is mainly to remove the upright and overgrown branches on the auxiliary main branches. In winter, sulfur pruning and short cutting are carried out according to the tree potential, combined with pruning and yield adjustment. Shorten the long fruit branches on the upper part and periphery of the crown properly, keep the medium and short fruit branches, and prune the fruit branches on the periphery of the crown with three lengths, two lengths and one weight to make the periphery of the crown concave and convex, so as to make better use of light energy. This can increase the light transmittance, reduce the harm of pests and diseases, promote the three-dimensional fruit, improve the color and quality of the fruit. At the same time, the fruiting branches can bear fruit alternately, overcoming the big and small years and maintaining high and stable yield.

Fruit management

Peach has a high fruit setting rate, so it is necessary to thin the fruit and control the fruit retention. Fruit thinning should be carried out twice, from late April to early May and middle and late May respectively. Generally, short fruit branches leave 1 fruit, middle fruit branches leave 2 fruits, and long fruit branches leave 3 ~ 5 fruits. Spraying and bagging in time after fruit setting. The harvest time of fruit depends on the characteristics of varieties, and it is appropriate to harvest eight-ripe fruits.