Although the temperature rises in spring, it sometimes rises too fast, which is prone to the phenomenon of late spring cold. Because the temperature rises above 5℃, fruit trees will germinate and grow, but if the temperature drops below 0℃ during flowering, the flower organs and buds of fruit trees will be frozen, resulting in poor fruit setting and growth. Therefore, during this period, measures such as irrigation, smoking, spraying and whitewashing should be taken to prevent freezing injury.

Second, pruning

In the near future, we should seize the time to do a good job in winter pruning and finishing, and strive to finish it before the end of February. We should disperse our homework, wear a mask, don't watch, don't accompany and don't get together for discussion. Communication technology is best carried out by telephone, WeChat, etc.

Pruning before germination of fruit trees mainly includes pruning and shaping, relaxing tree vigor, increasing branches to promote flowers, reducing the amount of flowers, adjusting the proportion of flower buds and improving illumination. When pruning, the central trunk, main branches, lateral branches and new branches should be cut off before germination to promote the branches to fill the gap. Light cutting and long planting of well-developed branches and branches with elongated main branches can improve the germination rate and form a large number of medium and short branches. From germination to fruit thinning, it is necessary to combine the tree management of fruit trees, erase some useless buds, reduce excessive consumption of nutrients and improve lighting conditions. In addition, competition, opposition, rotation, over-density, pests and diseases should be cut off in time.

Third, Qingyuan

Orchard cleaning is one of the important measures of orchard management. By cleaning the orchard, pathogenic bacteria and overwintering pests in the orchard will be greatly reduced.

1, cooperate with the spring scissors to cut off the rotten and hopeless branches, and pay attention to the smooth kerf. Remove the insect-trapping belt on the trunk, the overwintering insect cocoon on the branch, the fallen leaves, bark, dead branches, weeds and hard fruits, and bury or burn them in a centralized way. Applying medicine to all scissors and scars can not only prevent water loss and bacteria invasion, but also promote wound healing.

2. Scrape off diseased skin and dead tissues, and dig out overwintering eggs and some bacteria-carrying tissues in the cracks of trees. Especially for the diseased spots of rot disease, the grafting knife is used to make vertical and horizontal incisions on the diseased spots at the interval of 0.5- 1 cm, which exceeds the diseased edge by 1-2 cm, and the germs are completely eliminated.

Fourth, fertilizer and water management.

1. On the basis of applying basic fertilizer last autumn, according to the characteristics of fertilizer demand in phenological period of fruit trees, quick-acting fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, should be applied before germination to supplement the nutrients consumed in germination, flowering, fruit setting and new shoot growth. The amount of fertilizer applied depends on the age, potential and yield of trees. Orchards that did not apply base fertilizer after last autumn should seize the time to strive for early application. Results Top dressing was applied to the big trees according to the requirement of 3000 kg high-quality organic fertilizer per mu, and the young trees per mu 1000 kg.

2. If irrigation conditions permit, it can be irrigated once in early spring. After irrigation or rainfall, the orchard should be cultivated in time to prevent soil hardening and protect soil moisture. If there is no irrigation condition, measures should be taken to conserve moisture. Watering before flowering is beneficial for fruit trees to blossom and set fruit, and watering after flowering can alleviate the growth of new shoots and the competition for water for young fruits, and reduce fruit drop.

Five, pest control

1, the use of garden cleaning work can effectively reduce the occurrence of pests in the base and reduce the sources of infection of many diseases.

2. When the fruit trees germinate and turn white (or when the bud scales split and the grapes must reach the pilling), the whole garden should be sprayed with 3-5 Baume lime-sulfur mixture in time. If serious diseases and insect pests still occur in orchards (except grapes) after seed germination, lime-sulfur mixture with Baume degree of 0.3-0.5 can be sprayed again at the flower bud stage. Spraying 2000 times of chlorpyrifos and 43% tebuconazole once each in the flower dew red period, further killing the last residual germs and overwintering pests.

3. Triazole pesticides (triadimefon, tebuconazole, hexaconazole, etc.) should be used to control powdery mildew and rust in orchards. ). Pay attention to spraying pesticides in the orchard, and also spray pesticides on cypress trees near the orchard to eliminate the overwintering spores of rust; Spraying pyridaben in the red-exposed period of the pest control center, and spraying clofentezine pesticides 7- 10 days after flowering for control.

4. For borers such as longicorn beetles, fine wire can be inserted into wormholes on branches to stab the larvae. You can also use 80% dichlorvos 5- 10 times solution, inject the liquid into the wormhole with a needle, and then seal the hole with yellow mud, which can kill the pests hiding in the branches.

Six, flower and fruit management

After the temperature rises, flower buds and leaf buds can be clearly distinguished. Before flowering, flower buds can be reserved according to the ratio of flower buds to leaf buds 1:3~ 1:2, with more strong trees and less weak trees. In order to prevent the harm of late spring cold, more flower buds can be reserved appropriately, and fruit can be thinned after fruit setting. When thinning fruit, pay attention to keeping one fruit in each inflorescence of fruit trees with large fruit types, and keep an appropriate amount of fruit in small fruit types, pay attention to keeping the superior and eliminating the inferior, and erase the fruits with diseases, insects, crooked fruits and crooked leaves, and keep the superior and strong fruits.

2. When the number of flower buds on fruit trees is small, there is a lack of suitable pollination varieties or when they suffer from freezing injury, artificial pollination should be carried out, bees should be released in time at flowering stage, and regulators and medium and trace element fertilizers should be sprayed to protect flowers and fruits.

In spring, some orchards can also be intercropped reasonably, which is also beneficial to orchards. At the same time, intercropping can also deeply plough the soil and improve the soil permeability. Well, the above are the technical points of orchard spring management for your reference.