1. Winter pruning: Winter pruning will not significantly affect the sugar nutrition in plants, nor will it affect the growth and fruiting of plants at any time from defoliation to the beginning of the next year. Winter leaves should be pruned as soon as possible in the northern areas buried in winter. In the overwintering area without buried soil in the south, pruning can be carried out after defoliation for 3-4 weeks in winter and before bleeding, and the time is generally from 1 month after natural defoliation to 1 month the following year, when the trees enter a deep dormancy period.
2. Summer pruning: Summer pruning refers to pruning during the whole growth period from germination to defoliation. The task of pruning is to adjust the nutrient distribution of the tree, determine the reasonable load of new shoots and ears, and make the nutrients fully supplied to the fruit; Adjust and control the growth of new shoots, maintain a reasonable leaf curtain structure, and ensure the ventilation and light transmission of plants; Balancing vegetative growth and reproductive growth can not only promote flowering and fruit setting, improve fruit quality and yield, but also cultivate branches and vines with flourishing leaves and well differentiated flower buds; Make plants convenient for field management and pest control.
According to the needs of grape growth and development, topdressing urea three times (twice less than soil culture) in the first year of planting, with 50 grams per plant each time; The ternary compound fertilizer is applied twice, each time100g/plant, and 9 kg of urea and 12 kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied per mu throughout the year, which are 1/5 and 1/4 of the top dressing amount per mu of soil cultivation respectively. Supplementing trace elements by foliar spraying, combined with spraying for 2-3 times throughout the year.
Because of the vigorous growth and huge root system of grapes cultivated in substrate, the ability to resist pests and diseases is greatly improved. The drug was used 3~4 times in the first year of planting, and as a result, it was used less than 5 times in the growing season that year.
The trellis for soilless cultivation of grapes is better than the hedge trellis. Because the hedge frame is short and the grapes grow vigorously, the fruit is not as good as the trellis. From the test results, it is easy to produce high yield and improve quality in the early stage by using flat shed small X plastic surgery.
Grapes need a lot of nutrients, mainly nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer increase accordingly after entering the fruiting stage. Except organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium need 80- 150kg per hectare, which should be adjusted according to varieties, yield, tree potential and soil fertility. Apply base fertilizer after winter, and apply 30,000 kg of chicken and duck manure, 3,750 kg of cake fertilizer and 3,750 kg of calcium superphosphate per hectare.
Topdressing before shading buds and flowering expansion, and spraying Zhuangguodiling in time. Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied in the early stage to promote the growth of branches and flowers, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied in the fruit expansion stage to improve the quality. Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves of sea silkworm nest powder can promote fruit expansion and maturity.
In order to produce high-quality grapes, irrigation facilities are needed in the garden to avoid drastic changes in soil dryness and wetness. Generally, there is a lot of water demand in germination stage and young fruit growth stage, so irrigation should be done in time in case of drought.