Growth habit of litchi
Like high temperature and humidity, like sunshine, its inheritance needs relatively low temperature during flower bud differentiation, but the lowest temperature is -2 ~-4℃, which will suffer from freezing injury; It is sunny and warm in flowering period, and no dry heat is the most favorable. Too low humidity, continuous rain, dry and hot weather or strong north wind are not conducive to flowering and pollination. Unfavorable disaster weather in the flower and fruit period will lead to falling flowers and fruits, and even loss of harvest.
Potting method of litchi
First, choose a pot for planting potted plants. I suggest you choose a slightly larger wide-mouthed basin, which can plant more seeds and create a small forest scene. Next is a very pleasant job: eating litchi. After eating, spit out the stones inside, which will be accompanied by some impurities such as pulp and fluff. These impurities should be removed.
Put the seeds in a bowl, rinse them with clear water, and then soak them in water for two or three days. Soak until most of the seeds crack, which is a signal that the buds inside are coming out.
The choice of flowerpot determines the need of this step. I suggest that if you choose a non-porous basin, you'd better lay a layer of pebbles on the bottom. The space between pebbles can retain air and excess water, so that the roots of plants can breathe.
Pour the flower-planting soil bought in the flower market and spread it near the pot, then you can put the seeds. Press the seeds into the soil one by one, and pay attention to the light-colored disc facing up, so it is easier to germinate. Plant more densely, because the germination rate of seeds should be considered, and some may not germinate, which will affect the forest landscape.
Sprinkle a layer of pebbles on the seeds. Porous water-absorbing materials can be used to form a moist environment around seeds, which is beneficial to germination. If you spray slowly around the basin four times with a watering can, the soil will be almost wet. Of course, it should be flexibly controlled according to the size of the basin. Be careful not to sun directly, it will dry the seeds. Just spray it twice a day and wait patiently for more than ten days to germinate.
After more than a month, the grove grew up, let it bask in the sun and put it on the dining table, which was particularly beautiful. Of course, if you want to grow such a lovely forest, you don't have to choose litchi. You can plant forests such as lemons and longan. Different shapes and colors of leaves may brighten your eyes more than litchi.
Litchi potted management
1. Fertilization: Fertilization can be started one month after planting. Second, increase the amount of roots, promote shoots and strengthen shoots in three years. Master? Two fat tips? Or? Three fat tips? That is, the quick-acting fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, is applied when the terminal buds of branches germinate to promote the rapid growth of new shoots and long leaves; When the growth of new shoots basically stops and the leaf color changes from red to green, apply the second fertilizer to promote the new shoots to turn green quickly and the branches to thicken. After the new buds turn green, apply fertilizer for the third time to accelerate the aging of the new buds. In the first year of planting, fewer roots and smaller trees. Each plant uses 25g of compound fertilizer, about15g of urea, 0/0g of potassium chloride/kloc-0, 50g of calcium superphosphate. Young trees have few roots and weak fertilizer absorption ability, and foliar fertilizer can be sprayed 5-6 times a year.
2. Drainage and irrigation: Water is an important part of litchi trees. Litchi young roots are few and shallow, which is greatly influenced by the change of topsoil moisture. Under the condition of dry soil and dry atmosphere, attention should be paid to watering and moisturizing. Water accumulation in planting holes should be prevented in rainy season, and submerged plants should be raised appropriately to facilitate normal growth.
Litchi mycorrhiza is aerobic, and the soil is loose and breathable, which is beneficial to the growth and development of roots. Young orchards generally loosen soil and weed 5-6 times a year. Summer and autumn are hot and humid, weeds grow rapidly, scarifying and weeding times are more, the ground temperature is lower in spring, the ground surface is dry in winter, rainfall is less, weeds grow slowly and farming times are less. The main contents of soil improvement in litchi orchard include deep ploughing to promote ripening, thickening soil layer and increasing organic matter.
Its purpose is to improve soil physical and chemical properties, improve fertility and create good conditions for root growth. The soil improvement method is to open an annular ditch or two flat fertilization ditches around the original planting hole. Apply farm manure 8- 10 kg, calcium superphosphate 1 kg and compound fertilizer 0.5 kg to each ditch, and then cover the soil 25-30 cm above the ground.
Intercropping and mulching
Intercropping: Young litchi orchards have large space and ground, so making full use of the land for intercropping and interplanting is conducive to achieving the goal of raising gardens by gardens, combining short-term cultivation with long-term cultivation and increasing income. Intercropping management can prevent soil erosion, inhibit weeds, prevent heat and moisture, promote microbial activities and accelerate the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties.
Covering: Covering litchi orchard can reduce direct sunlight, lower soil temperature in summer, keep warm in winter, prevent drought and keep moisture, reduce weed growth and increase soil organic matter. It is usually covered with weeds and crop straws. Tree tray? When working, avoid sticking mulch on the trunk to prevent termites and other hazards.
Plastic trimming
Pruning young litchi trees requires that young litchi trees can cultivate a trunk with a height of 30-40 cm and 3-4 evenly distributed main branches, and the planting angle is appropriate, so the pruning targets are: cross branches, over-dense branches, weak branches and flowering spikes that are not allowed to bear fruit. Pruning can be done by pruning, coring, pulling, hanging and spreading. Branches that can be cut or not can be temporarily retained in order to effectively use nutrients to expand the crown.
Cold protection and tree protection
Litchi is a subtropical fruit tree, which is warm in nature and vulnerable to cold damage when the temperature is low in winter, especially young trees, which have many branches and stop growing late. Before the cold, the branches and leaves are not fully mature, and the cold resistance is low, so it is necessary to pay attention to cold protection and tree protection. Before winter comes, cover the topsoil in the growth range of the root system with green manure and weeds to improve the ground temperature and protect the root system: use lime, sulfur mixture, vegetable oil, salt and water at a ratio of10:1:0.1:0/.
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