Culture form and matrix formula
The formula of grape soilless culture substrate must be a mixed substrate with organic substrate as the main substrate. The substrates used are peat, organic fertilizer and plant straw, each accounting for 1/3, and 5% river sand and 5% vermiculite are added. The cultivation form is geosyncline type. First, dig a planting ditch with a depth of 60cm and a width of 100m, and lay stones at the bottom of 10cm for underground drainage, which is connected with one end of the ditch and the waist ditch. The upper part of 50cm is a substrate layer. Peat, organic fertilizer and river sand are mixed in the substrate layer, and plant straws and vermiculite are spread on it. The substrate is rinsed with pouring water, and then grape seedlings are planted.
Management technology
The fertilization method is mainly solid inorganic fertilizer. According to the needs of grape growth and development, topdressing urea for 3 times (2 times less than soil culture) in the first year of planting, 50 grams per plant each time; The ternary compound fertilizer is applied twice, each time100g/plant, and 9 kg of urea and 12 kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied per mu throughout the year, which are 1/5 and 1/4 of the top dressing amount per mu of soil cultivation respectively. Supplementing trace elements by foliar spraying, combined with spraying for 2-3 times throughout the year.
Because of the vigorous growth and huge root system of grapes cultivated in substrate, the ability to resist pests and diseases is greatly improved. The drug was used 3 ~ 4 times in the first year of planting, and as a result, it was used less than 5 times in the growing season that year.
The trellis for soilless cultivation of grapes is better than the hedge trellis. Because the hedge frame is short and the grapes grow vigorously, the fruit is not as good as the trellis. From the test results, it is easy to produce high yield and improve quality in the early stage by using flat shed small X plastic surgery.
Output and quality
Because the vines cultivated in soilless substrate grow vigorously (its growth is 2 ~ 3 times that of soil culture), the crown forms quickly and the second yield is high (but the yield should be controlled). When the yield is equivalent to that of soil culture, the glucose level is higher than that of soil culture 1 ~ 2 degrees (soluble solids). If Odia is seedless, soil culture is generally 15 ~ 16 degrees, soilless culture is 18 ~ 19 degrees, and Kyoho is also 18 ~ 19 degrees. In order to ensure the quality of grapes, the yield of grape soilless substrate cultivation should be strictly controlled. The young trees planted in 2004 were preserved by varieties until 2005-750 kg/mu for early-maturing varieties (August and Audiat seedless) and 0/000 kg/mu for middle-maturing varieties (Jufeng and Rizamat).