Fang Bao, male, 1668, born in Liuhe, Nanjing, is from Tongcheng, Anqing. He has been very clever since he was a child. At the age of 4, I can write couplets, and at the age of 5, I can recite sentences by heart. At the age of 6, he moved from Liuhe to Jiangning's former residence with his family, and still retained Tongcheng membership. 16 years old, went back to Tongcheng, Anhui Province with his father to take the imperial examination. At the age of 24, he went to Beijing, entered imperial academy, made friends with Wen, and became famous, known as "the first in the south of the Yangtze River". Li Guangdi, a university student, praised Fang Bao's article as "the resurgence of Korea and Europe, and there was no such thing after the Northern Song Dynasty".
Hong Chu, a professor at Anqing Normal University, said in the recently published Biography of Fang Bao: One day in winter, Fang Bao's father Fang Zhongshu crowed. At the sight of fog, the trees in front of the mountain were confused, and cocks crowed one after another in the distance. He said to Fang Bao, who just got up, "I'll make a couplet." Can you make a bottom line? " Fang Bao is still young, but she has learned to get along with her father and brother. He immediately said, "Get out!" "The rooster blocked the fog." Father said slowly.
Fang Bao looked at the fog outside, and sure enough, there was a cock's "giggle" cry. He looked up at the gray sky, as if it was going to rain, and answered the cloud, "The dragon is like a cloud." Mother listened with a rare smile on her face. She said to her husband: Bao is smart and will be the material for reading in the future. Fang Zhongshu smiled. He plans to dictate scriptures and chapters to inspire his son from next year.
Fang Bao can recite pairs and chapters at the age of four or five, read historical records at the age of seven and read ancient classics at the age of ten. Once, Fang Bao was playing in the wild. May is the busy farming season in the countryside, and men, women and children are pulling out seedlings and transplanting them in the fields. A farmer pulling out seedlings at the top of a field tied the seedlings with straw and read: "Straw sticks to the seedlings, and the father holds the child." Hearing this, Fang Bao stopped at Tian Tou. The farmer saw a child standing here with another sentence in his mouth. He smiled and asked Fang Bao, "Can you make couplets?" Fang Bao thought carefully and said to himself: straw, father also; Miao, Zi Ye. Looking up, he saw several women throwing bamboo shoots into a bamboo basket not far away. He raised his eyebrows, nodded confidently and said loudly, "The bamboo basket is filled with mother bamboo shoots." The farmer was amazed. Kwai Fang Bao was really a "child prodigy".
As early as my youth, I had the ambition of "learning from eight schools and taking the road of Cheng Zhu". At the age of 32, he won the first place in the Jiangnan Provincial Examination, and at the age of 39, he was a scholar, which coincided with his mother's illness and failed to take part in the palace examination. When Fang Bao was forty-four years old, that is, in the fifty years of Kangxi, he committed the Nanshan Ji case. Fang Bao was sent to Jiangning county prison by Julian for the preface to Nanshan Collection. Soon, he was transferred to the capital and sent to the prison of the Ministry of Punishment, where he was sentenced to death. After two years in prison, he still insisted on his works, including The Book of Rites and Funeral or Analysis of Problems. In the fifty-second year of Kangxi, Emperor Kangxi personally instructed that "Fang Bao knows what's going on in the world" for saving Li Guangdi, so he was released from prison without death and was demoted as a poor peasant.
In Selected Prose of Fang Bao, it is recorded that when Kangxi visited incognito, he met Fang Bao, an abandoned poor man, in a teahouse in the town of Roman Lake. At that time, he changed his name to Ouyang Hong and was introduced to the posthouse for drinking and talking. Speaking of the joke of "washing horses in the East Palace", Ouyang Hong, who is extremely clever, immediately realized that this amiable old man in front of him may be the emperor today.
When Kangxi saw his expression, he was shocked and thought, "This ugly old man is very talented, and he is afraid that if he continues this topic of' washing horses', he will expose his identity." Kangxi hurriedly called Zhang and changed his words. Kangxi and Zhang inspected this Ouyang Hong's knowledge through chatting, and found that he was "knowledgeable, quick-thinking, and had unique and even amazing opinions on everything." Kangxi later discovered that this Ouyang Hong was a square bud, and he entered the study as a cloth. Only a handful of people can walk around in the study.
Fang Bao is the founder of Tongcheng School literature. Cao Peng, a well-known figure in the study of Tongcheng School in Anqing, said: Tongcheng School literature has a long history, which can be traced back to the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Fang Yizhi, Qian Chengzhi and Dai Mingshi, people from Tongcheng, initially embodied some characteristics of Tongcheng School literature in their ancient prose theory and creative practice, which can be regarded as the precursors of Tongcheng School literature. Fang Bao's greatest contribution to China's ancient prose creation is his "theory of righteousness", which is "a masterpiece of ancient and modern literary theory". The theory of righteousness and law is the core of Fang Bao's literary theory.
When analyzing specific prose works according to Yi Fa, Fang Bao pointed out many times that Yi Fa is better than Zuo Zhuan and Shi Ji, but to learn Yi Fa from Zuo and Shi, we must study the works of eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties and try to figure out our experience. This gives practitioners of ancient Chinese prose a track to look for. These thoughts are practical and convenient for people to master the correct writing methods of ancient prose, and are a summary of the creative experience of ancient prose movement since the Tang and Song Dynasties, which is of positive significance in the history of literature.
Fang Bao advocated "righteous law", which laid the foundation of Tongcheng School's prose theory. Later, Tongcheng School's article theory, that is, taking Fang Bao's "righteousness and law" as the program, developed and improved continuously, thus forming the Tongcheng School, the main league of literary circles in the Qing Dynasty with far-reaching influence, which is still valued by the national academic circles, and Fang Bao is therefore called the originator of Tongcheng School.
Link: Fang Bao (May1668-September 1749), also known as Gao Ling, also known as Jiu Feng, and Wang Xi in his later years, also known as Pastor Nanshan. Han nationality, a native of Tongcheng County (including Tongcheng City, Zongyang County, yangqiao and Luoling in Anhui Province), was born in jiangning house (now Liuhe liu village in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) near Bao Fang's former residence in Tongcheng City, Anhui Province. Tongzong, the sixteenth ancestor of the Fang family in Guilin (also known as the county Fang family or the generous family), belongs to the Fang family in Guilin with Fang Yizhi, a great thinker in the late Ming Dynasty. He was an essayist in Qing Dynasty, the founder of Tongcheng School, and was called the third ancestor of Tongcheng with Yao Nai and Liu Dakui. As early as his youth, Fang Bao had the ambition of "learning from eight teachers and learning from others". At the age of 32, he won the first place in the Jiangnan Provincial Examination, and at the age of 39, he was a scholar, which coincided with his mother's illness and failed to take part in the palace examination. At the age of 44, he was jailed for being implicated in the literary prison case of Nanshan Collection by his hometown ancestor Dai Mingshi. Rescued by Li Guangdi and others, he was pardoned and released from prison.