Perennial monocotyledonous evergreen herbaceous fruit trees. Short, 0.5 ~ 1m high, rootless, with fibrous fibrous fibrous roots; The succulent stem is wrapped by spiral leaves and is sword-shaped; Inflorescence terminal, bearing many small flowers; The fleshy compound fruit consists of many ovaries gathered on the floral axis. Like warmth, the annual average temperature of 24 ~ 27℃ is the most suitable for growth. The growth is slow below 15℃, 5℃ is the critical temperature for freezing, and the growth stops at 43℃. Drought-tolerant, but it still needs a certain amount of water, and the annual rainfall 1000 ~ 1500 mm is suitable and evenly distributed. It is more tolerant to shade, but it grows well with sufficient sunlight, high sugar content and good quality. It has wide adaptability to soil, likes loose soil, good drainage and rich organic matter, and sandy loam or mountain red soil with pH value of 5 ~ 5.5 is better. The plant height of pineapple is 0.7 ~ 1.5m, the stem is short, thick and brown, and there are sucking buds at the base. Roots are planted around the stem. Leaves cluster from the upper part of the stem. Ears have sprouted on the leaves. The fruit is fleshy, like a pinecone-shaped compound fruit, mostly cylindrical; The flesh is yellow (see picture). There are about 70 cultivated varieties, which can be divided into Cayenne, Empress and Spain. The optimum growth temperature of pineapple in winter is about 65438 05℃. Wide adaptability to soil. The roots need shallow oxygen and have mycorrhiza, and the pores and hairs on the back of leaves have special structures for storing carbon dioxide, which can also prevent water evaporation, so they are drought-tolerant, but not cold-resistant. Generally, bud seedlings are used for propagation, and the plants propagated by crown buds are the best, followed by seedlings cultured by sucking buds. Fertilization period should focus on three times before flowering, strong fruit period and after fruit, and potassium fertilizer should be added. Timely removal of crown buds and germ and selection of sucking buds are beneficial to nutrient concentration and normal fruit development. The requirements for soil are not strict. There are fewer pests and diseases. Pineapple fruit is mostly used for canning except fresh food, and is widely loved because it can keep its original flavor. Leaf fiber can be used as rope, fishing net and other raw materials to breed pineapple plants, with strong adaptability, barren resistance, drought resistance and less pests and diseases. It is an important pioneer crop in newly cultivated mountainous areas, which is easy to cultivate, has high yield and can also be intercropped. It is a good tree species for developing hilly areas in the south, developing rural economy and making farmers rich. Planting 3800 ~ 4000 pineapples per mu requires a lot of seedlings. There are three commonly used methods, namely, plastic hormone germination, asexual reproduction and tissue culture. Time and method of accelerating germination: Choose plants with 40 cm green leaves from May to165438+1October, including 40 Cayenne and 35 Philippines. Each plant was irrigated with mixed solution of 250 mg/L ethephon and 25ml 1% urea and 0.5% potassium chloride to accelerate germination. On the 5th and 2nd day after treatment, 25 ml of plastic solution with the times of 1200 ~ 1500 and 600 ~ 750 were used to irrigate the roots respectively. Asexual propagation, common seedling raising, that is, using small terminal buds, small supporting buds, small sucking buds and fruit tumor buds in the field, after being cultivated in the nursery, they will enter the country by classification and go abroad. The small buds left on the fruit stalk after fruit picking are used for growth and seedling raising, and the old stems are used for cutting propagation. Tissue culture seedlings were cultured in Ms medium at room temperature of 30℃, illumination of 65438±02h or natural illumination. The technical points of high quality and high yield of pineapple are as follows: 1. Choose a good garden and a place facing south, with abundant sunshine, abundant water resources and convenient transportation as the commodity production base. Second, scientific planting, improving poor soil before planting and applying sufficient base fertilizer; Choose strong seedlings for planting. Density: 3000 ~ 4000 plants of Kane and 4000 ~ 5000 plants of Queen. Thirdly, the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened after planting. The amount of fertilizer applied per mu in Guangxi is 42.2kg of nitrogen, 26.8kg of phosphorus and 38.5kg of potassium, with n ∶ P2O5 ∶ K2O =1∶ 0.62 ∶ 0.9; Fertilization period, generally from June 65438+February to February of the following year, apply bud-promoting fertilizer before bud picking, and apply strong bud fertilizer from July to August after fruit picking; Applying a strong fruit and bud promoting fertilizer between the bud promoting fertilizer and the strong bud promoting fertilizer; Apply foliar fertilizer once a year in April, June, July and September, and topdressing twice a year in May and August, with 1% urea and 0.5% potassium sulfate solution; Apply base fertilizer after fruit picking. Water conservancy management should be timely irrigation and drainage, flood control and drought relief. Fourth, do other management well, such as properly removing buds and leaving buds in order not to affect the growth and development of fruits; To promote flowers, we must promote flowers; In order to improve the weight and quality of the fruit, after all the florets withered, the fruit was sprayed with 50 mg/L gibberellin and 0.5% urea solution, and sprayed again 20 days later, and then sprayed with 70 mg/L gibberellin and 0.3% urea solution. In order to make the fruit mature evenly, when the fruit reaches the seventh maturity, 300 mg/L ethephon is used to accelerate the fruit ripening. The main infectious diseases that harm pineapple are heart rot, black rot and small fruit brown rot. Noncommunicable diseases include sunburn and element deficiency. Pests include pineapple mealybug, China cricket and white grub.