Poetry: 1, gentle and honest, complaining but not angry, represented by the five-character poem Nineteen Ancient Poems written by literati at the end of Han Dynasty. 2. Pastoral landscape poetry school, the originator is Tao Jin Yuanming, and there are representative poets such as Meng Haoran and Wang Wei in the Tang Dynasty. Tao Yuanming (about 365-427), whose real name was Liang, was Mr. Wuliu and Mr. Jingjie in posthumous title, and later changed his name to Qian. Poet, writer, lyricist and essayist at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty. A native of Xunyang Chai Sang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He worked as a small official for several years, then resigned and went home, and then lived in seclusion. Rural life is the theme of Tao Yuanming's poems, and his related works include Drinking, Returning to the Garden, The Story of Peach Blossom Garden, Biography of Mr. Wuliu, Returning to Xi Ci, Poetry of Peach Blossom Garden and so on. Meng Haoran, a poet in Tang Dynasty. My real name is unknown (I once said that my name is Hao), and the word is awesome. He is called "Meng Xiangyang" by the world, and is also called "Wang Meng" with another landscape and pastoral poet, Wang Weihe. Mainly writing pastoral landscape poems. Because I have never been an official, I am also called Monsanto. Nanyuan, a mountain stream outside the south gate of Xiangyang, has his former residence. Once lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain. Wang Wei (70 1-76 1), a native of Qixian county, Shanxi province, was a poet in the Tang Dynasty, whose alias was "Shi Fo". There are more than 400 poems today. Wang Wei is well versed in Buddhism. Buddhism has a Vimalakīrti classic, which was told by Vimalakīrti to his disciples. Wang Wei admired it, so he called himself Wei, with the word "Momo". Wang Wei's poems, paintings and calligraphy are all famous and versatile. Music is also very proficient. Greatly influenced by Zen. 3. The frontier poets represented by Gao Shi and Cen Can in Tang Dynasty. 4. The originator of romantic poetry school is Qu Yuan, and the representative poet is Li Bai. Gao Shi was a famous frontier poet in Tang Dynasty in China. He is a native of Jingxian County, Hebei Province, and is known as "Gao Changshi" in the world. His works were included in Gao Changshi Collection. Gao Shi and Cen Can are both called "Gao Cen". Their poems are vigorous and full of the unique spirit of the times in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. 5. Realistic poetry school, representing poets Du Fu and Bai Juyi. Du Fu's portrait Du Fu (7 12 ~ 770) is beautiful, whose real name is Shaoling Ye Lao, Han nationality, and he is from Gongxian County, Henan Province (now gongyi city, Henan Province). He is as famous as Du Gongbu and Du Fu, and he is a great realistic poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. He wrote more than 1400 poems in his life, and his poetic skills were exquisite, so he was called "poet saint" by later gods. 6. Exotic poetry school, represented by Han Yu and Meng Jiao. Han Yu (768 ~ 824) was born in Heyang (now Meng County, Henan Province), Han nationality. Self-proclaimed county king Changli, known as Han Changli in the world. Su Shi, an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, called him "the decline of eight generations of literature" in the Song Dynasty. The Ming people called him the head of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and he was also called "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan. Known as "a great man of literate Sect" and "a hundred generations of literate Sect", he has written forty volumes of Han Changli's Collection, ten volumes of Waiji, Shi Shuo and so on. 7. Jiangxi Poetry School, represented by Huang Tingjian and Chen Shidao. Huang Tingjian (,Dynasty: Northern Song Dynasty, word, since the number of Taoist in the valley, late name Fu Weng. Poets, poets and calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty were the founders of Jiangxi Poetry School. Yingzong Zhiping for four years (1067), Jinshi. Professor Ye Xianwei from Beijing, Professor Lang Xianping from imperial academy, School Book Lang, Cao Zuolang, Secretary Cheng, Fuzhou Biejia, Guizhou Resettlement House, etc. Like his predecessor, Huang Tingjian attacked Quincy. Quincy poets pay attention to temperament, duality and rhetoric. In order to get rid of the influence of poets in art, Ouyang Xiu and Mei have made new explorations in conception, application, sentence cutting and writing. After the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, the old and new parties fought for peace and risks for more than a hundred years, even though many poets became more and more divorced from reality. At that time, the publication of a large number of books and the upsurge of feudal culture made them not satisfied with the use of ordinary allusions, but strive for novelty. (Note: Ouyang Xiu and Mei's books were dissatisfied with the fact that people wrote poems about the white rabbit at that time "all by the moon palace" and Su Shi's poem "Snow in the Star Hall" was forbidden to tell stories, all of which showed that the poets were striving for novelty at that time, especially in Huang Tingjian's place. )。 In this way, although they tried to learn from poets since Du Fu and Han Yu, they failed to better inherit the realistic spirit of poets since Du Fu and Bai Juyi. They got rid of Quincy formalism and embarked on a new formalism road. This is the Jiangxi Poetry School that gradually formed from the late Northern Song Dynasty. Not all the poets in this school are from Jiangxi. Huang Tingjian is so called because he has a great influence in this school. "Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua" once said that Huang Tingjian said: "Follow people's plan to end future generations." He also said: "Articles are the most taboo." It can be seen that he has the ambition to open the way in literary creation. However, his social contacts are far narrower than those of Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi and Su Shi. Long-term study and life and a tendency to be divorced from reality forced him to choose a creative path to win in book knowledge and writing skills. He said: "Poetry wins high, and it must come from learning." (See "Prequel to Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden in Conghua") and said: "Lao Du wrote poetry and retired from writing, and there was no place for a word; Gai's descendants read less, and they made up their own words by talking nonsense. The ability of the ancients to write articles can really cultivate everything. Although ancient characters enter calligraphy, they are like a panacea. " (Answer to the Father of Hong Ju) You can see his tendency. So how to turn stone into gold from what the ancients said? It is based on the poems of predecessors, and it is changed and described in order to bring forth the old and bring forth the new. He called this practice "thoroughly remould oneself", "taking vulgarity as elegance, taking the old as new" and "taking corruption as magic". For example, Wang Bao described the beard of a bearded slave as a "bamboo on the far slope" in the Three Chapters of the Constitution. Huang Tingjian's poetic school of Er Yun Wang's paperboard: 1, Huajian school, represented by He Wei Zhuang. Wen (about 812-866) was a poet and poet in the Tang Dynasty. Qi, whose real name is Fei Qing, was born in Qi, Taiyuan (now Qixian County, Shanxi Province) and was one of the important writers of Huajian Ci School. Descendants of Wen Yanbo, Prime Minister of the early Tang Dynasty. Both the New Tang Book and the Old Tang Book have been circulated. When I was young, I studied hard and thought quickly. There were eight rhymes in the late Tang Dynasty. It is said that he crossed his hands and became a rhyme, and the eight-fork and eight-rhyme was the final manuscript. At that time, people also called it "eight forks in writing" and "eight tones in writing". Poetry is a part-time job, and poetry is as famous as Li Shangyin, also called "Wen Li". This word is as famous as Wei Zhuang, also called "Wen Wei". [1] Although Wen is from Bingzhou, like Bai Juyi and Liu Zongyuan, he spent most of his life in other places. According to the examination, Wen lived in Jianghuai with his family when he was young, and then settled in the countryside of Lingxian (now Huxian, Shaanxi), close to it, so he called himself a tourist. In his early years, he was famous for his ci, but he tried every time and wandered between Huai River and Huai River. Tang Xuanzong tried to publish a macro theory, and Wen wrote a poem for others. He was demoted to Sui County Commandant for disturbing the Imperial Examination. Later, the secretariat of Xiangyang was appointed as the governor, and he was awarded the position of Yuan Wailang. He soon left Xiangyang and stayed in Jiangling. When Tang Yizong was a city commander, he was the teaching assistant of Guan China Zi. Sex likes to ridicule powerful people and touch taboos; And unrestrained, indulge in wine and release it. Therefore, life is bumpy and life is down and out. His poems focus on objects and have the beauty of tone and color. The rhetoric in the poem is gorgeous, and more personal experiences are written, which is also reflected in current politics. The works of "Hanging the Ancient" have deep feelings, fresh charm and strong character. Ci is one of the important writers of Huajian School, and is known as the originator of Huajian School. The number of existing words is the largest among the Tang people, and most of them are included in Huajian Collection. The original collection has been lost, and later generations compiled Wen Shi and Jin Quan Ci. There is also a collection of legendary novels, Gan Xunzi, which has never been circulated, and Taiping Guangji is quoted a lot. [2] 2. Graceful school, represented by Song Qingzhao and Qin Guan. Li Qingzhao (1084.2.5 ─1155.4.10) [1] Yi Anju, a poetess in Southern Song Dynasty, was born in Zhangqiu, Jinan (now Zhangqiu, Shandong), and was a representative of graceful and restrained school. Father Li is one of the following four bachelors, and her husband Zhao Mingcheng is a textual research scholar of epigraphy. In the first year of Chongning (1 102), Huizong, in the name of Jong Zongshen, appointed Cai Jing and Tingzhi Zhao as the left and right sides, set up a monument to party member in Yuanyou, and named Sima Guang and others 120 as "traitors". His father is listed as party member, which is clearly reflected in his poems. In the second year of Chongning (1 103), he became an official sincerely and decided to write a book "Records of the Stone", with the purpose of investigating and recording ancient inscriptions. In the first year of Daguan (1 107), Cai Jing came back to life and died. Cai Jing was recommended by Minister Yuan You as a "traitor" to protect Yuan You and seized the officials he gave him. Ming Cheng and Zhao Qing lived in Qingzhou (now Yidu, Shandong Province) for ten years. In the second year of Xuanhe (1 120), after Cai Jing became an official, Ming Cheng began to know Laizhou (now Ye County, Shandong Province), and then moved from Laiwu to Hippo Chef. After the jingkang rebellion. Ming Cheng hurried to the south to attend his mother's funeral. When he learned the news of jiangning house, he took the book to Jiankang. After three years of advice, Zhao Mingcheng died of illness. After leaving Beijing for Jiankang, I set out for central Zhejiang, and Qingzhao also entered Zhejiang, passing through Taiwan Province, Sheng and Huangyan, from Yuzhou Island to Wenzhou, and then to Yuezhou and Quzhou. Shaoxing went to Hangzhou in the second year (1 132). During his four years in Shaoxing, he wrote Preface to the Inscription. Shaoxing people, with "Jinshi Lu" boarded the table. He died in his seventies. Good at writing, especially at poetry. The History of Song Dynasty and the Records of Arts and Literature recorded seven volumes of Collected Works of Yi 'an Jushi, but none of them was handed down from generation to generation. Qingzhao initiated the theory of "other schools" and "Yi 'an style" and was a great poet in Song Dynasty. This anthology is called Shuyu Collection, which was compiled by later generations. 3. The uninhibited school, represented by Su Shi and Xin Qiji. Su Shi's portrait, Su Shi (103765438+1October 8th-1August 24th, 2008), is called "Dongpo lay man" by the world. Han nationality, from Luancheng, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan, Meishan City, Northern Song Dynasty). A famous writer, painter, poet and gourmet in the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the eight great poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and a representative of the unrestrained poets. His poetry, ci, fu and prose all have high achievements, and he is good at calligraphy and painting. He is a rare all-rounder in the history of literature and art in China, and he is also recognized as one of the most outstanding literary and artistic attainments in the history of China for thousands of years. His prose and Ouyang Xiu are called Ou Su; Poetry and Huang Tingjian are also called Su Huang; Ci and Xin Qiji are collectively called Su Xin; Calligraphy is listed as one of the four great calligraphers in the Northern Song Dynasty: Su, Huang, Mi and Cai. His paintings started the Huzhou School of Painting. According to historical records, Su Shi is more than eight feet three inches long. Su Shi is generous as the sea. Su Shi is the second son of Su Xun. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he joined his brother Su Zhe as a scholar. Dali was appointed as the judge and signed the book Fengxiang House. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after the expiration of his father's funeral system and sued the court for being a judge. He disagreed with Prime Minister Wang Anshi's political views and opposed the implementation of the new law (not completely disagreeing, but partially agreeing). He opposed it in the early stage and went deep into the people in the later stage to understand the benefits of the new law and turned to favor the good aspects of the new law. ), from outside, out of Hangzhou. Move to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) and Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he was involved in Wutai poetry case, and was responsible for granting Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province) as an assistant and setting up this state. He is not allowed to sign books and official documents. Empress Dowager Zhe Li Zong came to the DPRK and was reinstated as Langfengzhi Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong Province); Four months later, he was transferred to the doctor of does; Less than ten days after taking office, besides his daily life, he also moved to Mr. Sheren in Zhongshu, and also moved to Zhi Zhi Patent (Grade II) of Hanlin University to know the tribute of does. Yuan You four years (1089), out of Hangzhou, then changed to Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), he was ruled by the philosopher, was demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong), and later joined the Changhua Army (now Danzhou, Hainan). Hui Zong acceded to the throne and returned to the north after being pardoned. Zhong Jian Yuan (1 10 1) died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu) and was buried in Yucheng County (now jia county, Henan) at the age of 66. He, his father Su Xun (1009- 1066) and his brother Su Zhe (1039-165438) are all famous for their literature, and they are also called "Three Sus". It is the same as "Cao San and his son" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) at the end of Han Dynasty. "Three Sus" are three of the "Eight Masters" in Tang and Song Dynasties, and are the general names of eight representative prose writers in Tang and Song Dynasties, namely Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong in Song Dynasty. (divided into two Tang families and six Song families). As an outstanding poet, he created a bold style of ci, and was called "Su Xin" with the outstanding poet Xin Qiji. In poetry, he and Huang Tingjian are both called "Su Huang". Su Shi's works include Seven Chapters of Dongpo, Dongpo Yuefu, Qianchibi Fu, Houchibi Fu and so on. Politically, it belongs to the old party with Sima Guang as its leader. He made great achievements in calligraphy, and was called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang (some scholars think it was Cai Jing). 4. The metrical school, represented by Zhou Bangyan and Jiang Kui, was a famous poet Zhou Bangyan (1056-1121) in China at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. He was a famous Meicheng, a Muslim layman and a native of Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). , Tai, Professor Luzhou, Zhilishui County, etc. Hui Zong is waiting for Huiyou Pavilion and promoting Sheng Da's house. Proficient in melody, he created many new tones. Most of his works are based on boudoir love and travel, and there are also works of chanting things. The rules are strict. Language is elegant and elegant. Long tunes are particularly good at narration. It was later occupied by metrical poets. In the old ci theory, he was called "the crown of ci poets". A group of Muslim laymen have been lost.