1. Cultivation of high-quality seedlings
Grafting and cutting can be used for the propagation of macadamia nuts. Grafting propagation: select seeds with large grain size and normal development, sow and cultivate them in November, and accelerate germination on the sand bed after the seeds are selected. When raising seedlings, the seed germination holes should be placed sideways, covered with thin sand, and it is appropriate to expose the back of the seeds slightly, then cover the shed for shade and water them 2 ~ 3 times a day. Generally, seeds begin to sprout in 4 ~ 5 days. When the height of seedlings is 8 ~ 12 cm, they should be transplanted into seedbeds or nutrient soil bags on the premise of protecting the main roots. Then cover the shed for shade management. After the seedlings survive, gradually remove the shade shed, and strengthen fertilizer and water management and pest control. When the stem diameter of the seedlings reaches .8 ~ 1.2 cm, they can be grafted, and the grafting methods are abdominal grafting and split grafting. Select the disease-free, sunny and fully mature annual branches on the robust and fruitful plants as scions. The survival rate of grafting can reach 8% in February ~ March, and the survival rate is low at other times. It is hot and dry in our county from February to May. After grafting, it is necessary to shade properly and strengthen watering. When the first new shoots after living are ripe, the shade shed should be removed to ensure the normal growth of seedlings. Cutting propagation: select 1-2-year-old branches with strong growth and girdle them 18-22 days before cutting to increase nutrient accumulation and improve survival rate. Cut the branches into 15-2～4cm lengths, cut them on the sand bed to accelerate germination, shade them, water them 2-3 times a day, and then move them into nutrient bags when most of the roots of the cuttings grow out, and strengthen the management of fertilizer and water. Only when the new < P > shoots grow 2-4 cm, grow vigorously and the leaves are dark green and mature can they be planted in the field. The root system of nuts is shallow, especially the cuttings are weak in stress resistance, so attention should be paid to avoiding high temperature and dry weather when transplanting.
2 Selection and establishment of garden
Planting should be carried out in areas sheltered from the wind, facing the sun, with deep and fertile soil layers and good drainage. There are many hills and mountains in our county, and the rainfall is concentrated, so the contour excavation platform should be adopted for planting in the hills and mountains to facilitate soil and water conservation and reduce soil erosion. The planting density varies with varieties. Generally, the plant spacing should be 5m×7m, and 19 plants should be planted per mu, and large holes should be dug for planting. Apply 3kg organic fertilizer to each hole, and 2kg calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are evenly mixed with the soil to make the base fertilizer, and then return to the soil in layers for field planting. Avoid high temperature and dry weather when planting; When taking seedlings, we should try our best to avoid damaging the roots and pay attention to protecting the roots. When planting, the root neck should be 5cm above the ground. After irrigation, the soil will sink so that the root neck is level with the ground, not too deep, so as not to affect the survival and growth of seedlings. After planting, compact, pour enough root-fixing water, and cover the hole surface with grass to keep the soil loose and moist. For the garden affected by wind damage, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of shelter forests, and at the same time plan and construct roads and irrigation and drainage facilities.
3 post-planting management
management of young arboretum
Macadamia nuts have weak resistance to environmental conditions at seedling stage, especially in dry season, so measures should be taken to prevent drought and protect seedlings in time, such as covering grass for shade, strengthening protection, watering once or twice a day, checking the survival of fixed planting in time, and replanting dead plants. Young trees should be fixed: after survival, young trees of 1 ~ 3 years old should be fixed.