1. Nouns turned into adjectives (n.- adj.)

1. Adding -y to the end of a noun can turn it into an adjective (especially some weather-related nouns).

For example: rain-rainy, cloud-cloudy, wind-windy, snow-snowy, etc.

1) If the noun ends with a stressed closed syllable and there is only one consonant at the end of the word, the consonant at the end of the word should be doubled and -y should be added. Such as: sun-sunny, fun-funny, etc.

2) When a few nouns ending with a silent e become adjectives, the e should be removed and -y added.

For example: noise—noisy, ice—icy, etc.

2. Some abstract nouns can be turned into adjectives by adding -ful to the end of the word.

For example: care—careful, thank—thankful, help—helpful, use—useful,

beauty—beautiful, etc.

3. Some nouns indicating a country can be added with -ese, -ish or -n at the end of the word to form adjectives indicating nationality and language.

For example: China—Chinese, England—English, America—American, India—Indian

(note Canada—Canadian).

4. Add -ous after the noun to become an adjective. For example: dangerous—dangerous, etc.

5. Add -ly after a noun to make it an adjective. For example: friend-friendly, love-lovely, etc.

6. Add -less after a noun to form an adjective with negative meaning.

For example: care—careless, use—useless, hope—hopeless, home—homeless, etc.

7. For some nouns ending in -ce, change ce to t to become adjectives.

For example: difference—different, silence—silent, etc.

2. Change verb into noun (v.-n.)

1. The word form remains unchanged, but the part of speech changes.

For example: work, study, water, plant, etc. can be used as verbs or nouns.

2. Some verbs become nouns indicating "a certain type of person" after adding -er or -or to the end of the word.

For example:

work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer, jump—jumper, play—player,

learn—learner, visit—visitor , invent-inventor, etc.

1) For verbs ending with a silent e, add -r to the end of the word.

For example: drive-driver, write-writer, etc.

2) For verbs that end with a stressed closed syllable and have only one consonant at the end, the consonant at the end should be doubled, < /p>

Add -er.

For example: run-runner, win-winner, begin-beginner, etc.

3. Add -ing to the end of a verb to turn it into a noun (the method is the same as turning a verb into a present participle).

For example: meet-meeting, build-building, wait-waiting, wash-washing, swim-swimming, etc.

3. Adjectives become adverbs (adj.-adv.)

Generally, adding -ly to the end of an adjective can become an adverb.

For example: quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly, etc.

However: 1. For some adjectives ending with "consonant + y", you need to change y to i and add -ly.

For example: happy—happily, angry—angrily, lucky—luckily, heavy—heavily,

noisy—noisily, etc.

2. For some adjectives ending in -le, remove e and add -y.

For example: possible—possibly, terrible—terribly, etc.

3. For a few adjectives ending in e, remove the e and add -ly.

For example: true—truly, etc.

But most adjectives ending in e still add -ly directly.

For example: polite—politely, wide—widely, etc.

4. When an adjective ending in -l is turned into an adverb, -ly must still be added to the end of the word, instead of just -y.

Only add -y to the end of the word unless it ends in -ll.

For example: usual—usually, careful—carefully, useful—usefully, full—fully, etc.

3. Others

For verbs ending in t (or te), when changing to a noun, it becomes concept (or changing totion by removing e), and when changing to an adjective, it becomes tive (or changing using removing e). tive)

A verb ending in s (or se) becomes sion (or remove e and change it to sion) when changing it into a noun, and when changing it into an adjective, it becomes sive (or changing it when changing it to sive)