The main working parts of cultivators are divided into two categories: shovel type and rotary type. Among them, the hoe-shovel type is widely used and is divided into three types according to its function: weeding shovel, scarifier shovel and earth-moving shovel. 1. Weeding shovel: Weeding shovel is divided into three types: single-wing type, double-wing type and ventilation type. The single-wing shovel is used for early weeding of crops, and the working depth generally does not exceed 6 cm. It consists of two parts: a horizontal hoe and a vertical guard. The former is used for weeding and loosening soil, while the latter can prevent soil clods from crushing seedlings. The lower part of the guard plate has a cutting edge to prevent clogging by hanging grass. During cultivating, the single-wing shovels are placed on both sides of the seedlings, so there are two types of left-wing shovels and right-wing shovels, which must be paid attention to when installing. The double-wing weeding shovel has the same function as the single-wing weeding shovel and is usually used in conjunction with the single-wing weeding shovel. 2. Soil scarifier: The scarifier is used to loosen the soil between crop rows. It loosens the soil without turning it over, and the depth of the scarifier can reach 13-16 cm. The scarifier shovel consists of two parts: the shovel tip and the shovel handle. The shovel tip is the working part, and it comes in many types. The three commonly used ones are chisel-shaped, arrow-shaped and birch-shaped. The width of the chisel scarifier is very narrow, and it uses the flat scarification area created by the blade tip to ensure the scarification width. This type of scarifier was widely used in the past. The tip of the arrow-shaped scarifier is triangular, and the working surface is a convex surface. After plowing, the soil is loosened, the bottom of the ditch is relatively flat, and the quality of the scarifier is good. Most of the newly designed cultivators in my country have adopted this kind of soil loosening shovel. The birch-type scarifier is suitable for the first cultivating and loosening operations in ridge fields. The blade tip is triangular and the working surface is a convex surface. It is similar to an arrow-shaped scarifier, except that the wings extend backward longer. 3. Soil shovel: It is used to build soil and make ditches and ridges. According to the type of working surface, it can be divided into two types: curved type and flat type. Curved surface type: Its shovel tip and shovel chest are divided into arc curved surfaces, which have strong soil breaking ability. The left and right soil-edging walls are semi-spiral curved surfaces, which have strong soil turning ability. Therefore, during operation, the soil between rows can be loosened and broken. Fold to sides. The shovel tip of the earth-moving shovel is narrow, the width of the ditch bottom opened is narrow, and the weeding performance on the ridge side is strong. The earthing shovel is hinged to the shovel chest, and the tension of the left and right earthing walls is adjusted and controlled by the adjusting wall. The adjustment range is 275-430 mm, which can meet the needs of earthing and trenching with common row spacing. It is widely used in the dry farming areas of the northern plains of my country. Flat type: This type of earth-raising shovel is suitable for ridge farming areas in Northeast China. It is mainly used for weeding and loosening soil. After installing the earthing board, it can also be used for ridging and earthing. Usually, when cultivating and loosening the soil for the first time, a triangular plow with a width of 200 mm is used without a earthing board; when the soil is loosened for the second time, a triangular plow with a width of 250 mm is used, and the earthing board is adjusted to the middle. position; when cultivating and loosening the soil for the third time, use a triangular plow with a width of 350 mm, and adjust the soil plate to a larger or maximum opening angle position.