Chinese name: Spider
Chinese alias: Networm, Flat Pearl, Round Pearl
Latin scientific name: Araneida；; araneae
English name: spider
Classification:
Boundary: animals in the animal kingdom
Phylum: Arthropod phylum
Class: Arachnida, Arachnida
Objective: Araneae, Kerek, 1757.
Sub-order:
Mesoderm, mesoderm suborder.
Protospider suborder
Araneae, a new suborder of Araneae
Arthropoda, Arthropoda, Chiropoda, Arachnida, Araneae.
There are about 40,000 species of spiders in the world, and there are about 3,000 species recorded in China (as of June 2007 165438+ 10).
Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead
Spiders vary in length from 0.05 mm to 60 mm. The body is divided into chest and abdomen. Some species have breastplates at the back of the head and chest (some don't), and there are usually 8 monocular eyes (6, 4, 2, 0) at the front of the head and chest, arranged in 2 ~ 4 rows. There is a big chest plate on the ventral surface, and a lower lip between the two frontal lobes in front of the chest plate. The abdomen is not segmented, and the abdominal stalk evolved from 1 abdominal segment (the seventh body segment). The abdomen is mostly round or oval, and some have various strange-shaped protrusions. The ventral rotator evolved from appendages, and there are 8 primitive species, which are located slightly in the front; Most species have six spinnerets, which are located in front of the anus at the back of the body; Some species have four spinnerets, and there are many spinning tubes on the spinneret, which are connected with various silk glands, and the silk is spun from the spinning tubes. Sensory organs include eyes, various sensory hairs, auditory hairs, lyre and tarsal bones.
Spiders mainly prey on small insects. The tarantula beside the water can prey on small fish and shrimp, the bird spider can catch birds (it is said, but there is no exact literature record), and a 7.5 cm long spider in South America can even prey on small rattlesnakes. Web spiders prey on their webs. The female spider spins silk to form an egg bag, which contains fertilized eggs, and the egg bag is attached to the net (spider), or produced under the stone or on the leaf surface. Some female spiders guard egg bags, and some carry them with them. The young spider that hatched the eggshell stayed in the egg bag for a few days and peeled 1 ~ 2 times in the bag. Young spiders molt 4 ~ 10 times before maturity. Spider silk plays an important role in spider's life. Weaving webs is the instinct of many kinds of spiders. There are many kinds of nets, and the methods of weaving them are different. Many kinds of spiders, especially young spiders, can fly with silk.
Spider species
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Araneae is divided into two suborders: ① There are more than 20 species of 1 family in China; ② Spinning suborder (about 107 family, nearly 40,000 species).
Among them, the post-spinning suborder is divided into A: Protospider suborder (about 14 family, 1500 species); B: New Araneae (about 93 families, more than 38,000 species).
Spiders are natural enemies of many agricultural and forestry pests and play an important role in biological control. Protecting and utilizing spiders has become an important part of biological control. Spiders can be used as medicine to treat diseases such as proctoptosis, sores and bromhidrosis. The venom of a few spiders, such as the black widow, is harmful to people and animals. Burrowing tarantulas of the Tarantula family are distributed in Europe and Asia, and are also common in Xinjiang, China, and their poison can kill people and animals. Some spider toxins contain hemolytic enzymes, which can cause local necrosis and ulceration of wound tissue and spread around. There are many kinds of spiders. There are nearly 40,000 kinds of spiders in nature. These spiders can be roughly divided into three types: safari spiders, cobwebs spiders and cave spiders. The first kind will forage everywhere, and the second kind will wait for rabbits after weaving a net. Most people keep the third kind as pets: cave spiders. They like to hide in sand or holes and make a net at the hole. The net itself is not sticky, and it is purely used to sense the size of prey and hunt.
Spider habit
Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead
(a) the corpse solution:
When spiders hunt, they first paralyze their prey with venom from fangs, secrete digestive juice and inject it into their prey to dissolve it, then suck it slowly and eat it completely.
(2) homemade fresh-keeping bag:
Spiders are afraid of light and often make webs where there is light and wind. Spider silk can be used not only to trap prey, but also as a fresh-keeping bag. The spider wrapped the leftover food in a net for the next time.
(3) Cleanliness:
Spiders clearly divide the places where they eat, sleep and pull things. Domestic spiders generally use cages as garbage stations, urinate in them and throw food scraps.
(4) Very subtle appetite:
Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead
Spiders have a strong sense of territory and should be kept separately. They only eat one or two meals a month and can fast for two months at most. The food is mainly insects, such as crickets and Cao Meng. As long as you put a wet sponge in the cage to replenish water, you can raise it to adulthood (about seven years) without changing the cage. Not all spiders are poisonous (among them, arachnids are not poisonous)! And the toxicity is different. Usually, the toxicity of pet spiders in the market is relatively weak, and they will not take the initiative to attack people as long as they are not intentionally teased. Even if you are bitten, there is no danger to your life. Strong adaptability, no need for careful care. Spiders are the easiest pets to keep. Spider silk is expected to be used to make high-strength materials, and experts from the Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences are actively studying the use of spider silk to make high-strength materials. There is a cluster of spinnerets behind the spider's abdomen, which passes through the silk glands in the body. Protein mucus secreted by this gland can condense into extremely strong spider silk in the air. According to the Moscow Communist Youth League newspaper, experts from the Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences found that the hardness of this material is 9 times higher than that of steel with the same thickness, and the elasticity is 2 times higher than that of other most elastic synthetic materials. Experts believe that after further processing, the above spider silk materials can be used to manufacture light body armor, parachutes, protective materials for weapons and equipment, wheel tires, plastic surgery appliances and high-strength fishing nets.
Spider related records
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According to documents, it is estimated that there are more than 30,000 species of spiders in the world, belonging to 66 families, and there are about 3,000 species in 39 families living in China. The largest spider is 9 cm long, and the smallest is only 1 mm. The bird-catching spider raised in central China is nearly 10 cm long, and is called "the king of poisonous spiders in the world".
In China ancient books, spiders have many different names. For example, networms, flat beads and round beads are recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica written by Li Shizhen: "Spiders are elegant and earthy, and there are nets in the soil".
Spiders have both advantages and disadvantages for human beings, but as far as their contribution is concerned, they are mainly beneficial insects. For example, in farmland, spiders prey on pests of crops. At the same time, spiders are recorded in many Chinese medicines, so it is of great significance to protect and utilize spiders. In particular, the protection of spiders in rice fields has three advantages: first, it can effectively stabilize the balance of biological populations; Secondly, reduce the residue of chemical pesticides in rice to ensure the safety of people and animals; Third, reducing production costs can increase production and income. Therefore, in the prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests, it is advocated to use high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides to carry out biological control and protect natural enemies.
There are many kinds of spiders, which are widely distributed and adaptable. They can live on the soil surface, soil, trees, grasslands, rocks, caves, watersides, low-lying areas, bushes, mosses, houses or make webs, or inhabit fresh water (such as water spiders) and coastal lakes (such as lake spiders). In short, there are traces of spiders in water, land and air.
Spiders, in animal taxonomy, belong to Arthropoda, Arachnida and Arachnida. Arachnida is a small or medium-sized arthropod, with 14 orders and 5 orders extinct. 66 families of 7 orders of Araneae have been found in China.
Characteristics and habits of spiders
Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead
Spiders are covered by chitin exoskeleton, and their bodies are obviously divided into three parts: head, chest and abdomen, which are often connected by a thin handle formed by the first abdominal segment, without tail segment or tail whip. Spiders don't have compound eyes, and they have six pairs of appendages on the head and chest. The first pair and the second pair belong to the cephalic appendage, in which the first pair is mostly 2 joints, the enlarged part at the base is a claw, the tapered part at the end is divided into claws, and the teeth are tubular. There are poisonous glands in the claws or head and chest, from which the venom is secreted. The second pair of appendages, called foot whiskers, are shaped like walking feet, but have only six joints. The base joint forms a jaw-shaped protrusion near the mouth, which can help feed, while the female spider's foot whiskers have little change, while the male spider's foot whiskers are specialized as reproductive auxiliary organs, which have the structure of storing and transmitting sperm, called limb-touching devices. The third to sixth pairs of appendages are walking feet, consisting of seven joints, with claws at the end and a cluster of bristles under the claws, which are suitable for crawling on smooth objects.
Most spiders have poisonous glands, with claws and claws. Most burrowing spiders move up and down, but they prey on the ground, and spiders that web in the air sweep around like pliers.
No tentacles, no wings, no compound eyes, only one eye, usually 8 eyes, but there are also 6, 4, 2 eyes, and some even have no eyes. As far as the color and function of eyes are concerned, they can be divided into day and night.
The mouthparts of spiders are composed of claw limbs, jaw leaves, upper lip and lower lip, which have the functions of poisoning, catching, crushing food and sucking juice.
Some spiders have clumps of sticky hairs under their tarsal claws, and they have the ability to crawl on vertical and smooth objects. The spider that webs has several claw-like spines near the top of the hock joint, which are called secondary claws.
Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead
The abdomen of most spiders is unsegmented. Whether there are external female organs (called reproductive organs) is an important feature to identify female species. There is a special rotator in the middle or back of the abdomen. Three pairs of rotators are called front, middle and rear rotators according to their landing positions. The top of the spinning machine is provided with a film spinning tube which is surrounded by fur. Different spiders spin different kinds of silk with different spinning tubes. The spinner of the rotating tube is also a rotating organ. For example, there are 966 on the spinning machine of Lepidoptera. There are 8 kinds of silk glands extracted from the body through spinning tubes. With the growth and molting of spiders, the size and number of silk glands are increasing. Spider silk is a kind of bone protein, which is very sticky, tough and elastic, and will harden when spit out.
Androgyny, the male is smaller than the female, the male tarsal joints develop into acrobats, and the female has external reproductive organs after molting for the last time.
Spiders lay eggs, which are usually wrapped in silk bags. Females protect and carry egg bags in different ways, or put them on the net, under rocks, on branches, or put them in their mouths and breasts. For incomplete metamorphosis, the abdomen is still segmented in embryonic stage, and whether there is a net or not is alive. There are circular nets, dish nets, funnel nets, triangular nets and irregular nets. There is a folk song "Little Zhuge Liang, sitting alone in the army account, catching flying generals in the Eight Diagrams Array", which vividly depicts the phenomenon of spiders netting insects.
The internal structure of spiders is quite special in the book Lung of Respiratory Organs. Inside the lung of a book is a capsule, and the wall of each capsule protrudes inward with many leaf-like folds, just like a page. Spider venom gland is cylindrical, and the gland wall is composed of a layer of cells. There is a catheter in front of the poison gland, which opens near the front end of the claw. Poisonous glands secrete venom, which is lethal to small animals, and some can be life-threatening. For example, if you are bitten by a red spider or a cave tarantula, you must treat it in time to avoid life-threatening.
Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead
Spiders are carnivores, and their food is mostly insects or other arthropods, but they have no upper jaw and do not directly swallow fixed food. When the net is used to catch the bait, the venom secreted by the poisonous glands in the claws is injected into the captured object to kill it, and the digestive enzyme secreted by the midgut is injected into the prey tissue torn by the claws, which is quickly decomposed into juice and then inhaled into the digestive tract.
The digestive tract is divided into three parts: foregut, midgut and hindgut. The foregut includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus and sucking stomach. The tubular pharynx and sucking stomach can suck liquid food into the digestive tract and transport it to the middle intestine. The midgut includes a central midgut tube and blind sacs on both sides. Behind the midgut is the hindgut, where feces gather.
The Markov ducts of a pair of excretory organs originated from endoderm. In addition to martensitic ducts, young spiders also have a pair of basal ganglia for excretion. However, the basal ganglia of adult spiders are mostly degenerated and have no excretory effect.
Spider lifestyles can be divided into two categories. Namely hunting type and settlement type. Hunter-gatherers are spiders that hunt everywhere. They have no fixed place to live, and they don't make webs, dig holes or build nests at all. Arachnida, Arachnida and most tarantulas. Settled type: some make nets, some dig holes, and some build nests as permanent residences. Such as wall money, stone spiders and so on. Spiders seem very polite. Everyone who lives independently keeps a certain distance and does not invade each other.
Spiders are not only hermaphroditic, males are smaller than females, but also have different colors. For example, the male of the jumping spider family is bright and the female is dark. The males of the cancer spider family have red stripes on their backs, while the females are all green.
Male spiders mature sexually earlier than female spiders, and male spiders appear for a short time. Most of them are female spiders. Spiders have a unique way of mating. For example, after mating, those who can escape being killed by the female spider can mate again.
Before laying eggs, the female spider will make a "puerperal" with silk. Lay eggs on it and cover it with silk. And weave the egg bag into a fixed shape. Generally, a female spider only lays one egg bag, and some also lay multiple egg bags, such as 5-6 spiders, 13 spiders. The number of eggs laid by a female spider can range from a few to several hundred, such as 60-720 spiders of certain species of Arachnida, 1000 spiders.
The young spiders hatched from the egg shell still remain in the egg bag, and they have to molt in the egg bag 1 time before leaving the egg bag. Tarantulas are called nanny spiders because they not only hunt with egg bags, but also have the habit of carrying their young when they hatch. Some female spiders die immediately after being woven into the egg bag, some young spiders leave the egg bag and continue to live for a period of time, and some hatched young spiders are killed alive as food.
Before the mature stage, spiders molt many times with their growth, and the molting times and intervals are very inconsistent. Generally speaking, little spiders shed their skin 4-5 times in their lifetime; Medium-sized spiders are about 7 ~ 8 times; Okumo molts about 1 1 ~ 13 times, for example, the male spider of red spider molts 5 times and the female spider molts 7 times.
Compared with ordinary insects, spiders have a long life. Most spiders complete a life cycle, usually 8 months to 2 years. Male spiders have a short life span and die soon after mating. Others, such as water spiders and cunning spiders, can live 18 months, cave tarantulas can live for 2 years, cancer spiders can live for more than 2 years, and bird-catching spiders can live for 20 to 30 years.
Spiders live on silk, which is secreted by silk gland cells and is a viscous liquid in the gland cavity. After being drawn out by the spinning tube, it will condense into filaments when it meets air. The specific gravity of silk is 1.28, which is strong and elastic.
Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead
Spiders in the net holes stay in the net during the day and at the mouth of the cave at night, waiting for opportunities to hunt or go out for food. The bear spider dug a shallow hole under the clod, the burrowing tarantula dug a vertical deep hole in the ground, and the dancing spider added a living cover to the hole. This kind of valve consists of multiple layers of silk. The hole depth of the giant spider is 1 m. This kind of spider is very small and poisonous. Once bitten by a cave rabbit, he died in four minutes.
When young spiders start to live in webs, if the spider silk can't attach anything and there happens to be an upward airflow, it will fly in the air and with the wind. For example, Arachnoidea, Tarantunidae, Arachnoidea and Jumping Arachnidae all have the ability to "fly", which is very effective for avoiding cannibalism and the evacuation density is too high.
Spiders are carnivorous and eat a wide range of food, but they mainly prey on insects, and sometimes they can prey on animals several times larger than themselves, such as bird spiders in South America, and sometimes they prey on birds and mice. Spider's mouth is only suitable for sucking liquid food. When catching prey, the venom is first injected into the prey, after anesthetizing or killing the prey, digestive juice is secreted, injected into the prey through the wound of the prey, digested in vitro, inhaled after the soft tissue of the prey is decomposed and liquefied, and then digested and absorbed in the body.
Spiders have many natural enemies. Toads, frogs, mosquitoes, lizards, centipedes and birds all prey on spiders. Some parasitic bees live in spider eggs, some parasitic flies develop in spider egg bags, and almost all mosquitoes and flies are parasitic on spiders in the form of larvae. Spiders often use many methods to defend against enemies, such as expelling venom, hiding, fake bags, mimicry, camouflage, vibration and so on. When you can't escape and your appendage is caught by the enemy, just cut off your appendage and walk away. Anyway, the broken foot will regenerate when molting.
Spider-medical use
Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead
This kind of spider is the most common spider in China, and it is distributed all over the country. Living under the tail eaves and among trees, it forms a large wheel network, which is tough and sticky at dusk. It feeds on other insects and spiders. Generally active from March to April to 10, fishing in summer and autumn. It can be rarely used or scalded in boiling water, dried, or dried for later use.
When all spiders are processed, their heads and feet should be removed, fried and stored. It has the function of detoxification and swelling reduction. Indications: sores, tuberculosis, sores, centipedes, bees, scorpions, mouth obstruction, oblique wind, convulsion, malnutrition, impotence, etc. It is also recorded that it can be used to treat proctoptosis, bromhidrosis, aphtha in children, abdominal and femoral hernia in children, lumbago, nasal polyps and so on.
The silk of cobweb is also a medicine for treating bleeding, vomiting blood and toxic sores caused by gold injury, which can be taken orally (fried with yellow powder) or externally applied (externally applied).
Another short-clawed flying tiger of the jumping spider family, which is very small and likes to jump, is named after catching flies. It has the function of regulating blood vessels and can treat falls and injuries. There is also a kind of Smilax glabra, which can also be used as medicine to treat boils and tumors.
Spider shell, the skin shell taken off by a spider, is mainly used to treat tooth and gum bleeding. Spider web is the most poisonous, it can break the oxtail, and it is mainly used for forgetting.
Artificial propagation of spiders
Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead
Because spiders are fierce by nature, they are all carnivores and have the habit of killing each other, so it is easy to succeed in foraging alone, but it is difficult to live in groups. Because spiders have diverse diets, are hungry-tolerant and have strong vitality, they can succeed as long as they guarantee the three basic conditions of food, water and shelter. It is observed that the tarantula pseudoannulata, which is about 1 cm long, preys on 7 ~ 12 planthoppers, leafhoppers and flies every day. The tarantula pseudoannulata can endure starvation for 34 ~ 1 12 days with water and no food supply. This kind of spider has strong hunger tolerance, which is related to its large appetite. Generally, the higher the temperature, the worse the hunger tolerance.
1. Monomer feed
(1) Spider hunting: Because there is no web, the feeding containers used can be smaller, such as glass bottles, test tubes, lampshades and Petri dishes.
(2) Keep a single spider in a glass tube to catch mosquitoes. The nozzle is a cork with a small glass tube, and the inner and lower ends of the small glass tube are stuffed with small cotton balls. Clear water or 10% honey solution (for feeding young spiders) can be injected into the top of the small glass tube for water supply. The other end of the mosquito catching glass tube is a circular bottom extending into the tube, and there is a small hole in the center of the bottom, which is filled with cotton to prevent spiders. You can also use this hole to throw live insects, such as rice planthoppers, leafhoppers, aphids, flies and so on. Or artificial feed such as egg yolk.
(3) lampshade breeding: suitable for medium-sized webbed spiders. The mouth of the lampshade is tied with gauze, and a small hole is opened in the gauze. Install a glass tube for water supply and food. The top of the lampshade is placed on a white porcelain basin larger than the lampshade, which can be covered with fertile soil and planted with plants suitable for the living conditions of spiders. Can develop spiders and young spiders.
(4) Wooden box breeding: suitable for web-forming spiders, such as spiders and octopus. The height of the wooden box is about 1 m. The board only needs to be smooth outside and rough inside, which is convenient for spiders to crawl. Valves are arranged below the two sides of the box to facilitate the operation in the box, and the top and periphery of the box are surrounded by nylon nets to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. The box can simulate the layout of natural living conditions, which is convenient for netting, habitat and predation. You can put a Petri dish containing water (cotton balls can be used to store water without drowning spiders) and another Petri dish containing artificial feed.
2. Group feeding
You can design a larger wooden box to increase the variety and number of spiders, and the layout of the box should simulate the natural ecological conditions of spiders. Another kind of feeding box takes iron window screen as the cage wall, which can directly cover straw, and the top of the cage is equipped with a funnel-shaped insect collector. It is difficult to achieve the ideal effect by trapping insects with light and raising them in groups, and it is still being explored.
3. Artificial feed
There are many kinds of spiders, so it is not easy to develop effective human feed. This paper introduces an artificial feed suitable for raising red claw spiders and tarantulas. The crab spider was fed with the mixed feed of 4 portions of egg yolk and 1 portion of miscellaneous materials for 6 weeks, and no adverse reaction was found.
Spider toxicity
Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead
There is no exact statistics on the number of real poisonous spiders. The most poisonous spiders in the world are Mediterranean Black Widow Spider, Brown Flat Spider, Australian Funnel Spider, Black-bellied Ctenopoda Spider and Australian Bird-catching Spider. According to statistics, there were 1726 cases and 55 deaths from 1959 to 1973 in the United States. Thread spiders and bird-catching spiders have bigger and deeper wounds, while tarantulas and spiders have lighter wounds. Phoneufria spiders are very toxic. Taking 20 grams of mice as the experimental object, 0.006 mg of toxin was injected intravenously and died within 2 ~ 5 hours. The toxicity of female spiders is much stronger than that of male spiders, and male spiders will not give people lethal doses of toxins. Because spiders are very toxic, they are terrible in Brazil, the eastern Mediterranean, Yugoslavia and other countries.
The spiders with strong toxicity in China are as follows:
1. Bird spiders in Guangxi, Yunnan and Hainan.
2. Red-clawed spiders are distributed in Shanghai, Nanjing, Beijing and Northeast China.
3. The burrowing tarantula is distributed in Xinjiang, northern Shaanxi, Hebei, Changchun and other places.
4. Hairy herpes with long tail, which is common in mountainous areas in south-central Taiwan Province Province.
5. Black widow spider found in Fujian. The toxicity of two kinds of spiders has been studied by China scholars.
Spider specimen collection
Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead
1. acquisition tool
(1) collection glass tube: plastic tube can also be used instead.
(2) glass vials. (3) Alcohol: 75% ~ 85%. It is best to add 0.5% ~ 1% glycerol to alcohol to make the worm slightly soft.
(4) Tweezers (two sizes), shovels, magnifying glasses, Petri dishes, cotton, pencils, brushes, notebooks and collection bags.
(5) Spider web: Cut white smooth and solid silk or cloth into four trapezoidal pieces of cloth with a width of 20 cm and a length of 60 cm, and sew them into a net bag. The mouth of the bag is made of 8 cm white cotton cloth. The mesh handle can be made of 2 ~ 3 sections.
(6) Preservation tube (box) or live specimen tube: that is, choose an empty glass-thick test tube or a special preservation box (video tape) and put the captured spider specimen into it for preservation, which can be made into specimens or used for artificial feeding.
2. Acquisition method
(1) Spiders are collected in different ways because of their different ecology. The collection action should be steady, fast and accurate. The purpose of collection is different, and the treatment methods are also different. Mature individuals should be collected as much as possible to protect the integrity of limbs and avoid being bitten by poisonous spiders. Finally, write down all kinds of records in time, such as collection time, place, type, color, pattern, etc. Observe first, then collect. Spiders won't run away unless they are frightened. If the male and female spiders live together, try to collect them at the same time and put them together in glass tubes.
(2) When collecting and hunting spiders, you can use shooting down and sweeping. Put a spider web, white cotton cloth or plastic tray under the branches and tap the branches with bamboo sticks. When the spider vibrates violently, it will fall by itself and then catch it with a glass tube. Or between the branches and leaves of grass, using insect-proof nets to sweep directly will achieve brilliant results, such as Taraxacidae, Cat Arachnidae, Wall Arachnidae, Jumping Arachnidae and so on.
(3) When collecting web spiders, we should treat them differently. Spiders with circular webs like to crouch in the center of the web and hunt at night. During the day or under the scorching sun, they often hide in the corner of the net and the back of the leaves, and gently dial the net to lure spiders online. Taking advantage of the habit that spiders will fall down along the silk when they are frightened, they can take it from below with a glass tube. Aglunko, who made a funnel net, is agile and not easy to be caught. He will gently stir the net to expose the spider, quickly block the funnel mouth and catch it with a Petri dish or tube. Trapping spiders should also be carried out in the spider family, and spiders will make webs. For spiders with irregular webs, determine their position on the internet. If they fall into the grass in suspended animation, they can push the grass aside to catch them. For spiders who often dig holes at the root of the wall and the ground, we should first look for fresh and moist soil particles scattered around the hole, and then find the hole position. First, gently move the movable cover with grass to lure the spider to climb to the hole, and then shovel it into the soil obliquely from the hole with a shovel, so that the hole is cut off and there is no way to escape, only catching the last limb.
(4) After spiders are collected, they are used for making specimens or artificial propagation. If species identification is to be done, it is necessary to further observe the claws of spiders, the female organs of female spiders and the limb-touching organs of male spiders.
Spider nesting
Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead
Spiders' display of motherhood is even more impressive than their talent for hunting. Its nest is a silk bag and its eggs are laid in this bag. Its nest is more mysterious than bird's nest. It is shaped like an inverted balloon, about the size of pigeon eggs, with a wide bottom, a narrow top and a flat shape, surrounded by a clam-shell edge. On the whole, this is an egg-shaped object supported by several wires.
The top of the nest is concave, like a bowl covered with silk. The rest of the nest is covered with a thick and delicate layer of white satin, dotted with some ribbons and some brown or black patterns. You can immediately guess the function of this layer of white satin. It is waterproof and will not be soaked by rain or dew.
In order to prevent the eggs inside from being frozen, it is not enough to just keep the nest away from the ground or hide in dead grass. There must also be some special heat preservation equipment. Cut this layer of rain-proof satin wrapped outside with scissors and have a look. A layer of red silk was found under this. This layer of silk is not fibrous as usual, but a fluffy bundle. This substance, softer than swan velvet and warmer than a stove in winter, is a comfortable bed for future spiders. In this comfortable bed, the little spider will not be attacked by cold air.
There is a hammer-shaped bag in the center of the nest. The bottom of the bag is round and the top is square, with a soft cover on it. This bag is made of very soft satin and contains spider eggs. Spider eggs are tiny orange particles that gather together to form a pea-sized ball. These are the treasures of spiders, and the mother spider must protect them from cold air.
When it makes a bag, it slowly walks around the circle and releases a silk at the same time. Its hind legs pulled the silk out, stacked it on the silk in the last lap, and added it round and round, thus weaving a small bag. The bag and the nest are connected by silk thread, so that the mouth of the bag can be opened. The bag is just big enough to hold all the eggs, leaving no gaps, and I don't know how Mother Spider can master it so accurately.
After laying eggs, the spider's silk sac will start to operate again. But this job is different from before. I saw it put down its body to touch a certain point first, then lifted it up, and then put it down to touch another point, so it was here for a while, there for a while, and it was up and down for a while, with no regularity, while its hind feet were pulling the released silk. The result of this kind of work is not to weave a beautiful satin, but to weave a messy and intricate net.
Then it shoots a reddish-brown silk, which is very soft. It pressed the silk tightly with its hind legs and wrapped it outside the nest.
Then it changed the material, released white silk, wrapped it outside the nest, and added a white coat outside the nest. Moreover, the bird's nest at this time is already like a small balloon, with a small upper end and a large lower end. Then it releases silk in various colors, red, brown, gray and black, which makes you dazzled. It decorated its nest with this gorgeous silk thread. The whole work is not finished until this step is over.
What a magical cotton mill the spider runs! Relying on this simple and eternal factory-it can alternately do rope rubbing, spinning, weaving, ribbon and other work, and all the machines in it are just its hind legs and silk bags. How does it change "work" at will? How does it extract the silk of the color it wants at will? We can only see these results, but we don't know the mystery.
After the nesting work was completed, the spider head slowly walked away without looking back. Never come back, not because it is cruel, but because it really doesn't need to worry anymore. Time and sunshine will help it hatch eggs. Besides, it has no energy to worry about. When building a nest for its children, it has used up all the silk, and there is no more silk for itself to prey on. Besides, it has lost its appetite. Aging and fatigue made it die peacefully after a few days. This is the end of the spider's life in that box, and it is also the inevitable destination of all spiders in the tree.
Spiders-all kinds of strange things
The smallest spider in the world
Spiders are the most common animals. There are about 40,000 kinds of spiders in the world, which are distributed everywhere except Antarctica. Some of them are ugly, some stumble, and some can walk and jump, which is strange.
The largest spider in the world
The largest spider in the world is the Grissom Spider, which lives in the humid forests of South America. It weaves nets in the Woods, feeds on them and catches birds in traps. When the male spider opens its claws, it is 38 cm wide, weighs about 120 g, and the length of its poisonous claws is 2.5 cm. When it bites its prey, it first tries to make it unable to move, and then injects digestive juice into it. At this time, it can drink delicious food.
The smallest spider in the world:
There is a small spider that lives in the tropical forest of Panama. It is only 0.8 mm long and may be the smallest spider in the world.
Spider with strange name:
Among all animals, the strangest name is a blind spider that lives in some caves in Kauai, Hawaii. This is an eyeless spider. It turns out that it belongs to arachnida according to various characteristics, but it is blind because it lives in caves, leaving the false name of "big eyes".
Eating your mother's spider:
Red-handed spider is a mother-eating spider. The young spider of the red claw spider attached to the female spider and bit the female spider. The female spider also let it bite quietly. After a night, the female spider was killed by the young spider.
Hunter spider:
Australia has one of the largest spiders in the world. The big one weighs about half a catty and has eight legs. It is ugly, but it is a good hand at catching mosquitoes. Any mosquito that dares to pounce has the ability of a hunter. At the same time, the hunter's discovery contains a lot of protein, which is an excellent delicacy for the aborigines.
Throwing spiders:
In Colombia, there is a strange "throwing spider". Instead of dragnet hunting, it rolls silk into a ball. When there is a moth, throw the sticky ball at it accurately and hit it, making it delicious. At the same time, it can also release a moth sex pheromone to attract moths.
The most poisonous spider in the world:
There is a black spider that lives in bushes or grass in Australia. It has a poison sac, which contains highly toxic venom. People, animals or poultry are bitten by it, and they are in danger of losing their lives within a few minutes.
Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead
Poisonous spiders watch the shop: Haswell, the owner of a department store in London, watches the shop for him with two poisonous spiders every night. Coincidentally, the poisonous spider closed the door and the thieves fled. For several years, nothing has ever been lost in the shop. It turns out that this poisonous spider has two deadly toxins. Once stabbed, the pain is unbearable and will not heal for a long time. The worst will die.