First, the Minzhong Bridge can be the best in the world.
The oldest existing bridge in China is Zhao Zhouqiao, Hebei. It was built in the early years of the great cause of the Sui Dynasty (605 years later). (2) Bridges in Fuzhou also appeared in the Tang Dynasty. The oldest existing stone bridge is Longquan Bridge in Hongwei Township, Minhou County. Built in the first year of Tang Jingyun (7 10), it is a stone arch bridge with a length of 3.3 meters, carved from the whole boulder. There is also the Lianban Bridge in Fuzhou, which was built in the sixth year of the Tang Dynasty (77 1). It is located in front of Lianban Village, Chengmen Town, southern suburbs, at the northern foot of Ganquan Mountain. Stone flat beam building, single hole, total length 15m, area width1.41m. The abutments on both sides are rectangular, and all of them are piled with wooden stakes with a diameter of about 40 cm. Between the two abutments stood two large Liang Shi, on which Liang Shi wrote an inscription: "When the border is closed, I will build a bridge for my parents with my wife Lin Liuniang. I wish my family and the country peace and common prosperity. It was made on August 3rd, 19 1 1 year. " Last Yuan Xinhai was the sixth year of Tang Dali. (3) Jionglong Bridge, also known as "Feigai Bridge" and "Shen Gong Bridge", is located at the Xinggang exit of Min 'an Town in the lower reaches of Minjiang Estuary, which was also built in the Tang Dynasty and rebuilt in Zheng Xing in the Song Dynasty; It was restored in the 15th year of Daoguang (1835) and 1922. It is a stone multi-span cantilever flat beam building, which runs north and south, with a total length of 65.65 meters and a width of 4.46 meters. 5 piers with 6 holes, the piers are boat-shaped, and 3 huge Liang Shi are laid between every two piers. Stone railings are set on both sides of the bridge deck, and the columns are square in cross section, and lions, lotus flowers and balls are carved on the columns. In the south of the bridge, there is the Xuandi Pavilion, which is made of wood and has four corners, and two stone tablets stand beside it. One is a book engraved with "Flying Bridge" by Zheng Xing, and the other is a book engraved with "Shen Gong Bridge" by scholars in Kangxi period. There is the Temple of the Holy King in the north of the bridge, with civil structure, resting on the top of the mountain and double eaves. There is a street pavilion in front of the temple, connecting the temple and the bridge. There are three stone tablets in the pavilion, which record the historical evolution of Jionglong Bridge. ④
The ancient bridges in Fuzhou have different shapes and styles, mainly including pontoon bridge, stone bridge, stone arch bridge, wooden bridge and pavilion bridge (house bridge). Small bridges are exquisite, spectacular and steep. For example, "Wumen Bridge" located in Yang Qi Village, Gaishan Town, Cangshan District, commonly known as "Wumen Bridge", was built in Song Dynasty (1089), with north-south trend, stone flat beam building, 4 piers and 5 holes, and the piers are boat-shaped. The upper part of the pier adopts cantilever pier method, with five layers overlapping, forming a huge Liang Shi with a total length of 34 meters. There are railings on both sides of the bridge deck, and the pillars are engraved with "Huangzhou Ba Niang" in regular script. In Fujian Tongzhi of the Republic of China, it was recorded that "every stone has lettering, and the brushwork is like Cai Mojun", which has been abolished. ⑤ Another example is "Duoting Bridge", also known as "Dianbanqiao", which is located at the junction of Rixi in Jin 'an District and Huokou Township in Luoyuan County. It was built in the 16th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (18 1 1) on the banks of the Fei River, and it is said that it was built by scholar Si of Qing Dynasty. It is a well-preserved large-scale single-hole corrugated wooden support wind and rain bridge and bridge pavilion roof in Fuzhou. Another example is the "Huguo Bridge", which is located in Huguo Village, Qibu Town, Luoyuan County. It was built in the second year of Song Yuanfeng (1079), and was destroyed by floods in the thirty-seventh year of Ming Wanli (1609). The villagers raised funds for reconstruction the following year. According to the stone tablet of Qiaolou, the bridge was broken in September in the 9th year of Guangxu (1883), and was built independently by Zheng Yuanlang in October. In the fifth year of Jian 'an (19 16), Dong Dayu and Zheng Rebuild. Bridges, towers, temples and roads have all been successful. "This bridge is a flat bridge in Liang Shi, with four piers and five holes.
Yuanji Bridge, also known as Graphite Bridge, was built on Nanshan River in Liankeng Village, Baisha Town, Minhou County, which was the only way from Fuzhou to Kyoto in ancient times. The bridge runs from east to west, with a total length of 23 meters and a width of 5 meters. The veranda house hangs from the top of the mountain with a single eaves and a beam-type wooden frame, with a height of 4.5 meters. There are wooden railings on both sides, the bridge is inclined, and the head and tail fall on the rocks on both sides. The bridge is about 20 meters away from the bottom of the stream and stands in the air. If it looks like a magnificent building, it will be spectacular. On the bridge pavilion, there is a whole wooden plaque with acid silk board, which is 193 cm long and 63 cm wide. The plaque is engraved with three Chinese characters "Yuanji Bridge", and a calligraphy postscript is engraved in the square inch. It says: "Anyone who works in the world must take the heart of building bridges as his heart, then the world is far from good, and how can the heart of building bridges be far from good?" This tablet was written by Chen Jingshao, a scholar and villager in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty (1875 ~ 1908). His calligraphy is vigorous and elegant.
There are many ancient bridges with different shapes in Fuzhou, which have been transformed into modern bridges, serving as both cultural relics bridges and traffic bridges. For example, Weiqiao Bridge located in Weiqiao Village, Xincuo Town, Fuqing City, also known as Shangyang Bridge and Xinghua Jiangkou Bridge, is the boundary bridge between Fuqing City and Putian City, which was built in the fifth year of Song Dynasty (1090). At present, the original pier of Shiqiao is rebuilt into a highway bridge, which is 97 meters long and 4.8 meters wide, with 9 piers and 10 holes. Another example is the "Zhugong Bridge" located in Zhugong Village, Liaoyan Township, Lianjiang County. Built in the third year of Song Jiayou (1058), it was built by Zhu Ding, a magistrate of a county, hence the name "Zhugong Bridge". There is a small tower in the north of the bridge, which was rebuilt in the 44th year of Qingganlong (1779). 1977 the original bridge was demolished and converted into a double-hole stone arch bridge on the original bridge site. The original "Zhugong Bridge" only has two stone lions on the bridge column. The transformation of the ancient stone bridge into a modern bridge reflects the superb skills of Fuzhou ancient bridge construction from one side.
Second, the mountains are near the water and far away, which is very dangerous.
In order to adapt to Fuzhou's special geographical environment, there are many mountains and valleys here, and the ancient bridge workers avoid nature, are meticulous and ingenious, and the artificial bridges built are integrated into the natural environment, adding beauty to the natural landscape. For example, Hepu Bridge, also known as Xiapu Bridge, is located in Hepu Village, Nanyu Town, Minhou County. It was built in the Song Dynasty. The bridge is 20 meters long and 2.5 meters wide. It has four piers, five holes made of stone and a stone slab bridge. Three ancient banyan trees are planted in the whole bridge, which are flourishing. In particular, there is an ancient banyan tree on the pier, which is over 300 years old. Its roots are thick and winding for more than 20 meters. It is like a dragon, running through the whole bridge, hugging the slabs and piers on the bridge deck, which is rare in the world. The other two ancient banyan trees have experienced hundreds of years of wind and frost, lush, criss-crossing branches, and seem to be connected. The "three friends" of pine, bamboo and Li by the bridge are now old and flourishing. A small temple was built under the tree to worship the lion and immortal master of Lushan Mountain. This temple has a history of hundreds of years. It is said that Huang Gao, a senior minister of the Ming Dynasty, crossed the bridge and was inspired by the gods to enter this high school. Look at this bridge, people are under the tree, the tree is on the bridge, the bridge is in the water, and people, bridge, tree and water are integrated, such as entering the realm of harmony between man and nature.
Rongyin Bridge is located in Suban Village, Nantong Town, Minhou County. It was built in the second year of Song Longxing (1 164) and the twenty-fourth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1898). It was rebuilt by Chen Bi, the minister of Liren Postal Department, with a total length of 27 meters and a width of 3.5 meters. It's the Liang Shi Bridge, the pier and the wharf. Calligraphy is vigorous, mellow and unpretentious. Exquisite bridge-building technology is integrated with clear water, towering ancient banyan trees and green countryside, which is beautiful and charming.
Building bridges on cliffs on both sides of the strait is a major feature of Fuzhou Bridge. Tan Qiao, also known as Dangerous Bridge, is located in Shijianli, Jianjiang, Luoyuan County. Built in the third year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1546) and advocated by Ma Huai in the thirty-third year of Qingganlong (1768), it is a single-span stone slab bridge. Both ends are supported by cliffs, and the bridge deck spans 6 meters across the canyon. It consists of two huge granite strips, with a width of 1 m, a thickness of 0.5 m and a length of 8 m. At present, there are only bridges 1 seat, with a height of13m and no bridge guardrail. Another example is "Drum Bridge", which is located in Guanzhong Village, Jingxi Town, Minhou County. According to the textual research on the stone tablet of Sanfeng Temple near Qiaotou (1320), the bridge and Sanfeng Temple should be built at the same time. The existing bridge was rebuilt in the 43rd year of Qingganlong (1778). It is a single-hole stone arch bridge with a length of about 2 1m, a width of 3.2m, a height of over 20m and a span of 9m. The top surface of the bridge is 0.35m thick. From the cliffs on both sides of the bridge, a semicircular stone arch bridge was built in the middle. Seen from the stream, high cliffs and streams pour down. The stream flows down the bridge, with cliffs and deep pools on both sides. This stream forms a drop of more than 30 meters high. The rapids smashed the pool into three caves with diameters exceeding 1 m respectively, and the rapids rushed into the caves, making a "bang" drum sound. Pedestrians on the bridge heard the drums, and their hearts suddenly increased. Therefore, the stone arch bridge, also called "Drum Bridge", is known as the most spectacular ancient stone arch bridge in Fuzhou.
Among all kinds of ancient bridges in Fuzhou, Wuqiao (also known as Tingqiao and Yufeng Bridge) is unique, that is, there are bridge houses and bridge corridors on the bridge. As Zhou Lianggong's "Min Xiao Ji" in the Qing Dynasty said: "The building is built on Qingyi Bridge, and there are pictures everywhere. ..... It's rainy in Fujian, so people who want to rest will put wooden boards under the eaves, which are several feet deep and can see the fence well. It seems that people dare not see people with faults in the mountains. " ⑥ For example, Sanxiting Bridge is located in Liujin Village, Huda Township, Minhou County. Built in the 24th year of Qing Daoguang (1844), it is a single-span wooden bridge with stone piers, with a total length of 32 meters, a width of 3.8 meters and a pavilion height of 4.5 meters. It straddles the cliffs on the east and west sides of Xi Xue and looks like a flying rainbow. The bridge builder split the suspended rock with a height of 10 m on both sides of the bridge as the abutment, and the inclined logs are shaped like a figure of eight, and the supporting beams extend out to the middle of the span. The bridge deck is paved with wooden boards horizontally, with 4 columns and 3 corridors, and the depth 12 rooms is convenient for pedestrians to rest or shelter from the wind and rain. Another example is Xitang Bridge, which is located in Xitang Village, Dongyang Township, Yongtai County. The construction day is expected to be tested, and it will be rebuilt in the 19th year of Qing Qianlong (1784). The stone arch has a single span of 20.3m, a total length of 29m, a width of 4.2m and a height of 1 1 m.. The bridge is covered with a wooden pavilion, with 40 double-row wooden columns on both sides, leaning against the railing, and stone steps at both ends connecting the ancient road. Another example is "Closed Bridge", which is located in Huangcun, Huang Xiang Town, Minqing County. It was built in the Song Dynasty (1165 ~1173) and rebuilt in the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1699). The bridge is 53 meters long and 3.2 meters wide, with masonry as pier and wood as bridge. The bridge deck is paved with red tiles, and 46 columns on both sides are divided into two rows, forming a 1 1 pavilion. There are five pavilion wings on the top of the pavilion, covered with blue tiles. Red painted handrails and wooden chairs on both sides are simple and elegant. Pedestrians rest on covered bridges, hidden in green mountains and clear waters. "Interception Bridge" is the longest pavilion bridge in Fuzhou.
Third, the connotation is profound and the form is magnificent.
As a kind of humanistic landscape, Fuzhou ancient bridge embodies China's profound traditional aesthetic concept and Fuzhou regional artistic conception in China ancient bridge, and also shows the superb architectural skills of China ancient bridge and the architectural style of Fuzhou ancient bridge with regional characteristics. It can be said that the ancient bridge is not only a popular material carrier, but also a charming work of art, which is the perfect combination of science and art. Fuzhou ancient bridge builders are good at summarizing and applying advanced bridge technology and skillfully integrating it with traditional art. For example, the ancillary buildings and stone carving techniques of the bridge are rich in forms and exquisite in art, and the bridge is often decorated with stone carvings, inscriptions, pavilions, towers, railings and other works of art, which have strong ornamental value. Therefore, Zhou Liang workers in the Qing Dynasty said in Xiaoji, Fujian that the bridge in central Fujian is "the most magnificent". Fuzhou Wanshou Bridge is the earliest large bridge on the Minjiang River. According to the Ming Dynasty Wang Yingshan's Du Min Ji, "The Wanshou Bridge across the Taijiang River was originally a floating bridge, which was repeatedly repaired and broken. Between the Song Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, the county magistrate Wang Zudao set up a field 1 1 72 mu to build the bridge. Yuan walked into the Hall of Long Live, the Buddhist monk. In the seventh year of Dade (1303), the king of Buddhism ordered the construction of stone bridges, 29 water lanes, a stone fence on the upper wing, an odd length of 170 feet, and two pavilions in the north and south. It was completed in the second year of Zhi Zhi (1322). Zuma, a bachelor, often remembers and engraves the word "Wanshou Bridge" on the right. ⑧ "Wanshou Bridge", formerly known as pontoon bridge, was built in the eighth year of Song Dynasty (1093). At that time, it was well known that Wang Zudao recruited craftsmen and built the 1 pontoon bridge in the north and south with Langya Prefecture as the center. The river surface of the North Bridge is 154m wide, with 20 boats, and the river surface of the South Bridge is about 785m wide. 100 boats are tied to 18 stone pillars and planted in the river with thick vines. The ship is covered with wooden boards as the bridge deck, 3.4 meters high and 3.4 meters wide, with railings on both sides. The total length of the two bridges is1000m. In order to facilitate navigation in the middle of the river, there are still two high doors at the pontoon bridge in the middle of the river. The whole bridge construction project was completed in the first year of Song Shaosheng (1094). In the second year of Song Chongning (1 103), another sandbar, Zhongzhou, appeared between Lengyanzhou and Zangqianshan, and the river was divided into three waterways, so the pontoon bridge was transformed into three lanes: north, middle and south. North Bridge (now small bridge) 16, Middle Bridge (Wanshou Bridge) 73, South Bridge (Jiangnan Bridge) 13, * * 102. ⑨ Lu You's poem "Crossing the Pontoon Bridge to Nantai" says: "The passengers are ill and waste boarding. I heard that Nantai had a try. On nine roaring waves, thousands of ships cross the river. "Attending because the river is wide and the water is fast, the pontoon bridge is unable to resist the attack of wind and waves and is often damaged, and cross-strait traffic is often interrupted. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was rebuilt as a stone bridge, namely "Wanshou Bridge". {1 1} "Wanshou Bridge" was built in Dade seven years in Yuan Dynasty and completed in Zhi Zhi two years in Yuan Dynasty. It was the largest construction project in Fujian in Yuan Dynasty. Together with the later Jiangnan bridge, it was called the bridge. With a total length of more than 570 meters, 29 holes and 28 boat-shaped stone piers support Liang Shi. The bridge is paved with slate and surrounded by stones. Stone lions of different shapes are carved on the stone pillars on the bridge fence. There are rain pavilions in the north and south of the bridge. An innovation of "Wanshou Bridge" in bridge technology is to use the method of "lying on the wood and sinking the foundation" for the bridge foundation, that is, to fill the stone with wooden cages as the foundation. First, put a wooden cage on the dock, and then fill the cage with stones as the foundation. After the completion of the "Wanshou Bridge", bridges have been built throughout the ages. 1930 in order to adapt to the automobile traffic, Japan's Daiwa industrial joint venture company contracted to rebuild the cement pavement. 197 1 year "Wanshou Bridge" was completely raised and widened and renamed as "jiefang bridge". {12} 1995 to 1996 were demolished and rebuilt as modern bridges.
Lutong Bridge, built in the Tang Dynasty and rebuilt in Xingang Street, Taijiang District in the Song Dynasty, is a granite stone arch bridge with two piers and three holes, which runs from southwest to northeast and looks like a jade belt. It is 30.7 meters long and 3.6 meters wide, with steps at both ends. The watchposts, struts and diaphragms of the guardrails on both sides were all built according to the provisions of the construction method of the Song Dynasty, and it is the most complete stone arch bridge in the Song Dynasty in Fuzhou. {13} The folk song says: "The south platform is Shahe, and the estuary is connected by roads. First came the champion, then the "xianggong". " { 14}
Located in Qiaorong Village, Shangjie Town, Minhou County, Shisimen Bridge, also known as the longest existing Song Bridge in Minhou. It was built in the second year of Song Yuanfeng (1079), with east-west trend, stone structure, flat beam type, total length of102m, and boat-shaped stone piers 13. The distance between the two piers ranges from 4m to 6m, and each pier is formed by two stone slabs horizontally, forming a bridge deck with a width of1.8m, which is arched over Xiyuanxi. The bridge has been damaged many times, and then it was rebuilt. The name and age of the person who built and maintained the bridge are engraved on the slate of the bridge deck. Among them, the stone slab on the north-facing bridge deck of the first hole is engraved with the inscription "November in the second year of Gengshen, November 23 in the eighth year of stonemason Zhang Bao, and Renchen was completed". {15} "Fourteen Gate Bridge" is a stone pier slab bridge with unique construction technology. According to the soft geological characteristics of silty sand, ancient bridge builders adopted the construction technology of "lying on wood and sinking foundation". The raft composed of several layers criss-crossing is fixed on the water surface where the pier is built as the bridge foundation, then the stone pier is built on the water surface, and then the raft is sunk to the bottom of the water, so that the force balance between the foundation and the stone pier is firm. "Fourteen Gate Bridge" is a beautiful picture of a water town, which blends with the shade of mountains and rivers. In the Ming Dynasty, Zheng Zuo wrote the poem "Fourteen Gate Bridge", saying, "Qi Mountain starts from Pingquan in the west, which hinders firewood cultivation. How many tourists have passed now, I remember crossing the 14 th Bridge in Xiyuan. " { 16}
Shahe Bridge, located at the bridgehead of Bayiqi South Road in Taijiang District, corresponds to Wanshou Bridge, commonly known as "Bridge". Shahe Bridge, commonly known as "Little Bridge", was built in Yuan Dynasty and rebuilt by Zhou Chun, the magistrate, in the sixth year of Ming Chenghua (1407). The span is 7.2 meters, the arch ring thickness is only 0.2 meters, which is far less than the calculated value of modern bridge design theory, and the vault is very close to the road surface. It has been more than 600 years, and now more than 1000 cars pass this bridge every day, some of which are trucks, and the stone bridge is still intact. Shahe Bridge is praised as a miraculous "thin arch bridge" by modern bridge experts. { 17}
The "Longjiang Bridge" at the entrance of Longjiang River in Haikou Town, Fuqing City, also known as "Haikou Bridge", was built in the third year of Song Zhenghe (113), initiated by Taiping Temple monk Shousi, and completed in the sixth year of Xuanhe (1kloc-0/24). Formerly known as "Luojiang Bridge", it was later renamed "Yongping Bridge". Shaoxing was renamed "Longjiang Bridge" for thirty years (1 160). This bridge is built of granite. Fill the foundation with boulders first, and then build the pier. The pier is boat-shaped, and the water potential is divided by the tip. The boulder between the piers is a beam and is paved with stone bridges. The total length is 476 meters and the width is 4.2 ~ 5.2 meters. There are handrails on both sides of the bridge deck. There are 4 1 piers, and there are 39 existing piers with a spacing of about 1 1 m. At the southern end of the bridge, there are two Qiao Zhen Towers, each with 7 floors and 6 sides, solid and 6 meters high. The relief is decorated with Buddha statues, dwarfs, lotus flowers and lions. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, the Kangxi period, the Qianlong period and the Republic of China, it was repaired many times, and there was an inscription on the bridge. {18} "Longjiang Bridge" is the longest ancient bridge in Liang Shi in Fuqing, and it still maintains a complete structure. It is also one of the four ancient bridges in Fujian Province. In addition, the total length of the small bridge is more than 700 meters, spanning the lower reaches of the Longjiang River, which is spectacular.
The "Sanxi Bridge" stands in Liujin Village, Huda Township, Minhou, with a single eaves hanging from the top of the mountain and a beam-type wooden frame. It is not only scientific in structure, rigorous in layout and exquisite in skill, but also has 24 pairs of beams and columns, each of which has couplets. There are praises for the scenery, such as: "Aoliang overhead looks like a rainbow to see the sky, the bird path is inclined and the dragon is adjacent to the well." "The tide rises toward the DPRK, watching and watching." Some people chant history with the scenery, such as: "The king of Wen is suspected of sheltering from the rain, and Ziyi Road in western Guizhou should be interested." "Seeing everyone, the bridge energy efficiency into the shoes; Corporal Xinxin once knew Lishui cart. " Others are full of praise for cultural wonders, such as: "Counting martial arts, counting villages, and families everywhere are extremely fast; It's strange to see the three mountains covered with vegetation, and so on. , adding poetry to the bridge.
Fourth, the vicissitudes of Fujian, a bridge carrying history.
Bridges, which have experienced human vicissitudes, have become the witness of history; It promotes economic and cultural exchanges and social development and progress; It has the material to help the world and the virtue to help others. As the old saying goes, "There are roads leading to Tianjin Liangdao". { 19}
The "Double Throw Bridge" located at the entrance of yangqiao in Gulou District, formerly known as "He Chao Bridge" and also known as "Hui Chao Bridge", was named because one end of the river under the bridge is connected with the Marshal Miao River and the other end is connected with the Baima River at the intersection of the two rivers. The bridge was built in the 12th year of Tianbao in Tang Dynasty (754). It is a stone arch bridge with a pavilion and three ancient banyan trees planted around it. Trees cover the sun, which is a good place for people to enjoy the cool. According to folklore, there were two families, Liu and Chen, near the bridge in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Liu's son wanted to marry Chen's daughter as a concubine, but Chen refused to obey and ran away with his newlywed husband at night. Unfortunately, they were caught, and both of them were tied up and thrown into the river and drowned. There is a saying among the people: "Double throwing into the river does not separate, and husband and wife are married." The mighty Liu family is heavily in blood and debt, and it has been sad for generations. Since then, "He Chaoqiao" has been renamed as "Double Throw Bridge".
Antai Bridge, built in the middle section of Bayi 7 North Road in Gulou District of Tang Dynasty, was a bridge on the moat outside Lishemen in the south gate of Luocheng at that time. "Song Xuanhe, the county magistrate Liu Zao built a pavilion on it, and the old" Rebuilding Tianjin Canal "was written by Tao Yue, the secretary of the palm, and involved the door." Du Minji: The pavilion is abolished, but the monument does not exist. Research on Rongcheng Scenery: Tang Tianfu Chu (903) South Gate of Luocheng, where people embroider at random, boats row clouds, restaurants and karaoke bars on both sides of the strait, and Liu Yin banyan leaves out the flute pipes. Gu Shi's poem "Going Out of Profit to the Door":' Red sarong bamboo crosses the inclined bridge and flies into the bucket after reading it. Draw a boat with people still sleeping, and the boat is full of bright moon and tide. {20} At that time, Antai Bridge was immersed in singing and dancing day and night, and it was a bustling scene, which made people compare antai river under Antai Bridge to Qinhuai River in Jinling.
"Linqiao" is located in Linpu Village, Chengmen Town, Cangshan District. It is a single stone slab bridge. The bridge is made of huge stones and slabs, with stone pillars and stone fences on both sides, and stone lions carved on the top of the pillars. It was built during the reign of Song Xianping (999 ~ 1003). There is also a broken bridge, which was built in Song Shaoxing for three years (1 133). The original structure is unknown. The remaining bridge body is 22 meters long and 2.8 meters wide, with three piers and five Liang Shi, and the 1 berthing hole is well preserved. The bridge deck is composed of four beams and dragons. The middle gate Liang Shi is 9 meters long, and Linjiang Gate 1 has been destroyed, only the pier has been submerged. The top covers an area of 14 square meter, and a small temple is built on it. According to the Records of the History of Song Dynasty, in the second year of Song Deyou (1276), in the first month, "Dayuan soldiers went to Qiting Mountain", Zhao Xian of Song Gongzong "sent the suggestion and Yang Yingkui to send the national seal to surrender", and in February, "led hundreds of officials to worship the table to make the sunrise hall, and ordered the counties to surrender". {2 1} Yuan army occupied the capital city of Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), and Song Gongzong Zhao Xian was captured. His two younger brothers, Zhao Min and Zhao Min, accompanied by ministers Chen, Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu, led the remaining more than 300,000 soldiers and horses to sail south and anchor at Linpu at the mouth of Minjiang River. 1 1 year-old Zhao Yun won the support of ministers in Fuzhou (near the provincial capital road) and ascended the throne in May. He was the Song Duanzong who "thought that Song was the mainstay and changed to Yuan Jingyan". {22} 165438+ In October, when the Yuan army approached Fuzhou by land, Zhao Min, the Song Duanzong, and his ministers left Linpu Shaoqi Wharf and retreated to Guangdong. Before fleeing to the south, civil and military officials got off at Qiao Lin and went to the palace to meet them. Zhao Chao hurriedly lowered the weft curtain in Linpu sadly. Han Lin, who was born in Linpu and worked as an official and military commander in the Ming Dynasty, once shed tears in the poem "Looking Back on Pingshan": "The king's qi disappeared in the world, and Chen Hu was indifferent to the present and the past. The saddest thing is that the river also flows around Miyayama. " {23} Linpu was once called Lianpu in history. The Minjiang River flows out of Fuzhou and reaches Lianjiang section, and the river suddenly widens. On the right side of the ancient palace is Lianjiang Academy, which was shocked by Zhu and his disciples.
Binde Bridge was built in Ming Dynasty, located in Sambo, Taijiang District, and rebuilt in the year of Shen Bing in Guangxu of Qing Dynasty (1896). The bridge is 33. 1 m long and 2.7 m wide, with 2 piers and 3 holes. This is a stone bridge with flat beams and arches. From 65438 to 0997, the local people raised funds to build the bridge pavilion, and rebuilt the small shrine of "Eighteen Generals" on the north side of the east end of the bridge, which enshrined the statue of "Eighteen Generals of Ryukyu Kingdom" guarding the bridge, indicating that the river port in Fuzhou had close maritime relations with Ryukyu and other countries in its early years.
The "Wanshou Bridge at Hekou" in Nangong Village, Taijiang District, commonly known as "Little Wanshou Bridge", is different from the "Wanshou Bridge" on the Minjiang River. In the seventh year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1668), it was built with more than 2,000 taels of silver raised by Guyuan Gushan monk and Liren monk Ke Ying. East-west bridge, stone structure, two piers and three holes. It is 35 meters long and 3 meters wide. The bridge deck is paved with 12 stones, with stone railings on both sides and a stone lion at the top of the pier. Plant a banyan tree on both sides of the bridge. There is Wanshoutang in the east of the bridge, Wanshoutan in the west of the bridge, and the "Wanshoutan" monument built by Qing Daopei and Shang Li is embedded in the outer wall of the temple. {24} Before buddhist nun, there was a monument inscribed by the abbot of Gushan Mountain in the 9th year of Kangxi (1670), which has now been moved to the mountain stele gallery and is an important historical material of "San Francisco" in the early Qing Dynasty. The estuary port, where the "Little Wanshou Bridge" is located, used to be a centralized berth for tribute ships from Ryukyu and other countries. There are many corresponding ancient buildings near the bridge, such as "Tianhou Palace in Hekou" and the famous "Rouyuan Post" (commonly known as Ryukyu Pavilion), which are important relics of Fuzhou's overseas traffic history. From this, we can see the bustling scene of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries in Qian Fan near Wanshou Bridge in Hekou hundreds of years ago.
Baima Bridge, located on Baima River in Yizhou Street, Taijiang District, was built by Fuzhou Mubang Chamber of Commerce in Qing Dynasty. Stone flat beam bridge, with 3 piers and 4 spans, has 3 spans, with a total length of 7 1m, a width of 3. 1m, and an east-west approach bridge 12m. This bridge bears witness to the history that Fuzhou is one of the three major timber distribution centers in China.
For more than 1000 years, Fuzhou ancient bridge has witnessed history, carried legends and displayed rich and profound regional cultural heritage. A "Shahe Bridge" is actually associated with going out. Before Dust Blows, it is recorded that there is a folk song circulating in Fujian: "The Prime Minister leaves Nantai Shahe". According to Rongcheng Archaeology, "When Zhang Dexiang was in power, there might be sand surge. After six years in politics, the wind and sand have resurfaced, and I am deeply admired; Handsome and blessed, the sand of Nantai suddenly rises again, and Zhu Hanzhang and Ye Ziang successively ascend to eternity. " {25} A "Fourteen-Gate Bridge" couplet is full of philosophy of life. "Sitting under the banyan tree to enjoy the cool can talk about ancient and modern times, and the bridge will release people." It is very philosophical to borrow scenery to express feelings, to compare people with things, to talk about ancient and modern times, and to talk about being a man. Pedestrians, rivers, stone bridges, banyan trees, ancient towns and mountains and rivers are integrated into one, and they set each other off and become interesting, resulting in the rural scenery of the water town.
Fuzhou ancient bridge culture is an important part of Fuzhou regional culture, which not only shows the intelligence of the Chinese nation, but also reflects China's social and economic development and foreign cultural exchanges. Especially during the Shaoxing period of the Southern Song Dynasty (1131~162), a large number of stone bridges were built in Fuzhou, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and other places, reaching the peak of the bridge-building craze, forming what Wang Shimao said in the book "The Sparseness of Fujian" in the Ming Dynasty.