Main varieties of litchi
March red
Because it matures in the late March of the lunar calendar, it is named March Red. It is the most precocious variety. Mainly produced in Xinhui, Zhongshan, Zengcheng and Lingshan, Guangxi. The fruit is heart-shaped, wide at the top and sharp at the bottom; Lobes are different in size, irregularly arranged, and suture lines are not obvious; Thick skin, reddish; The meat is yellowish-white, slightly tough, rough in texture, large in core, sweet and sour in taste, and has residue after eating. Because it was listed early, it is still very popular with consumers.
Round branch
Also known as Shuidong or Shuidong Black Leaf. Distributed in the suburbs of Guangzhou and counties in the Pearl River Delta. It is named because it is suitable for planting in watery places, and its leaves are slender and similar to black leaves. The fruit is short oval, or slanting heart-shaped, with high shoulder edge and low shoulder edge; The cracked slice is slightly flat and wide, and it should be dark red. The pulp is soft, smooth and juicy, sweet and sour, and slightly fragrant. Mature at the end of May or early June.
Black leaves
The fruit is short oval, round or obtuse at the top, and flat; Dark red skin, thin shell, flat and blunt lobes, uniform size, regular arrangement, obvious cracks and stitches; The meat is firm and crisp, sweet and juicy, and most of them are big stones. Mature in mid-June. More resistant to storage.
Hu Aizhi
Also known as Ye Mi, Fenghua, Gu Feng, Hu Aizhi (according to legend, an ancient book passed by Lingnan, so it was named after the litchi given by villagers) and Hu Aizhi. Guangdong is the most widely cultivated and prolific variety. Both fresh and dry are suitable. The fruit is round or nearly round, and the pedicle is flat; The shell is thick and tough, crimson, with large lobes, slightly convex or nearly flat, irregularly arranged, with occasional spikes near the pedicle, dense and few; The meat is milky white, soft, clear and juicy, sweet and sour, with large and long nuclei and occasional small nuclei. Mature in early July.
Guiwei
Also known as cassia twig, it is named after the fragrance of osmanthus. Is one of the best varieties, produced in the suburbs of Guangzhou and Lingshan, Guangxi. There are two kinds of cinnamon flavors: Hong Quan and Duck Head Green. The fruit is spherical, the shell is light red, thin and crisp; The chapped slices are small and sharp, and there are deep grooves around the top of the fruit from both sides of the pedicel, which is the characteristic of cinnamon; Yellow and white, soft and full, small core and sweet taste. It ripens in early July.
Nomitz
Also known as Mizhi, it is the most valuable variety in Guangdong. It is a famous Guangdong specialty fruit at home and abroad. Mainly produced in Luogang District, a suburb of Guangzhou, and Xintang Town, Zengcheng City, followed by Conghua County and Dong Fan County. The fruit is heart-shaped, nearly round and its stalk is skewed. Yellow wax color at the beginning of listing, bright red at the beginning; The cracks are large and long, longitudinally arranged, sparse and slightly convex, and the suture line is wide and obvious; The top of the fruit is plump and the pedicel is slightly concave; The meat is thick, the core is small, the pottery color is yellow, white and translucent, and the soluble solid content reaches 20%. It is very sweet, fragrant, waxy, tender and of good quality. It is the favorite variety of consumers. Best for fresh food and drying. Mature in early July. There are two strains of red glutinous rice and white glutinous rice.
Justin
Also known as wrinkled core, it is mainly produced in Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. The fruit is heart-shaped and the top of the branch is full; The fruit stalk is long; The pericarp is purplish red, with lobules and spines in the center, and the suture line is not obvious; The meat is thin, milky white, the size of the core is less than 7, and it tastes sweet and sour. Mature in mid-July.
Zhu Lan
Mainly produced in Longhai, Nanjing, Zhangzhou and other counties and cities in Fujian. There are red and cyan. The fruit is heart-shaped and full; The fruit stalk is thin; The crack is large and spineless; It should be thin, with different sizes and large cores; Pottery is milky white, sweet and sour, and of medium quality. Mature in mid-July. Besides fresh food, it is suitable for canning and drying.
Chenzi Lizhi is a specialty of Fujian. When it matures, it gives off a faint fragrance, which is refreshing. Putian and Xianyou are the most famous areas. Cai Xiang. Litchi spectrum. This variety has been introduced to the United States at the beginning of this century and cultivated in southern Australia.
Hang green
It is the treasure of litchi in Zengcheng, Guangdong Province, and one of the famous litchi varieties in Guangdong Province. Tribute of feudal times. "Lingnan Litchi Spectrum" describes: What is its fruit? One side of the pedicle protrudes slightly higher, which is called faucet; One side is low, called phoenix tail. When cooked, the red clothes alternate with each other, and a green line runs through the end, so it was renamed. ? The fruit is as big as a chicken print and the core is as small as a pea; Pericarp dark red with green; The lobes are flat and the suture lines are obvious; The meat is thick and crisp, sweet and juicy, fragrant and unique in flavor. Mature from late June to early July. At the 2002 Green Litchi Auction held in Zengcheng City, Guangdong Province, a litchi sold for 555,000 yuan. Is this litchi in Zengcheng? Xiyuan? Hanging green old trees has a history of more than 400 years and produces few fruits every year. Its characteristic is that the shell color is slightly green and six dividends, and a green line runs through the fruiting body. The flesh is crisp, tender and slightly fragrant, and it is wrapped with non-wet paper after peeling. Become the most expensive fruit in history.
crystal ball
Guangdong origin, crisp and sweet flesh, transparent flesh color and small stone, is an excellent variety with a cultivation history of hundreds of years. Chen Ding's litchi dialect. Caption: Crystal ball? White flowers, white shells, white and white, and the flesh is as sweet and fragrant as blood. ?
Feizixiao
Sichuan is called thallium, and Taiwan Province is called green purse or jade purse. Feizixiao is rich in Xiamen, Guangdong, Sichuan, Taiwan Province and other regions. Feizixiao is characterized by green and red skin, big head, gray meat color, crisp and sweet, and small stones. Legend has it that Emperor Tang Ming smiled at Yang Guifei, and the litchi sent thousands of miles away was the princess's smile. (The world of mortals laughs at the princess, no one knows it's litchi)
White sugar poppy
Also known as honey poppy (electric white). This variety is precocious, mainly produced in Genzi Town, Gaozhou City, Maoming City, and also cultivated sporadically in Dianbai Yang Jiao Town. It has a cultivation history of about two or three hundred years.
Cultivation techniques of litchi
breeding method
Close-planted dwarf litchi is mostly planted on hillside, with ideal plant height 1.5-2m and density of 3m? 3 meters, the plant height is controlled at 1.5 meters after forced harvesting, and the plant height is about 2 meters when flowering in the next year. You can also learn from the design formula of apple close planting: plant height = row spacing? 2+ 1m； Crown diameter = plant spacing? 0.75 meters.
Cultivation method
Fertilization and irrigation
1. Fertilization: Fertilization can be started one month after planting. Second, increase the amount of roots, promote shoots and strengthen shoots in three years. Master? Two fat tips? Or? Three fat tips? That is, the quick-acting fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, is applied when the terminal buds of branches germinate to promote the rapid growth of new shoots and long leaves; When the growth of new shoots basically stops and the leaf color changes from red to green, apply the second fertilizer to promote the new shoots to turn green quickly and the branches to thicken. After the new buds turn green, apply fertilizer for the third time to accelerate the aging of the new buds. In the first year of planting, fewer roots and smaller trees. Each plant uses 25g of compound fertilizer, about15g of urea, 0/0g of potassium chloride/kloc-0, 50g of calcium superphosphate. Young trees have few roots and weak fertilizer absorption ability, and foliar fertilizer can be sprayed 5-6 times a year.
2. Drainage and irrigation: Water is an important part of litchi trees. Litchi young roots are few and shallow, which is greatly influenced by the change of topsoil moisture. Under the condition of dry soil and dry atmosphere, attention should be paid to watering and moisturizing. Water accumulation in planting holes should be prevented in rainy season, and submerged plants should be raised appropriately to facilitate normal growth.
Litchi mycorrhiza is aerobic, and the soil is loose and breathable, which is beneficial to the growth and development of roots. Young orchards generally loosen soil and weed 5-6 times a year. Summer and autumn are hot and humid, weeds grow rapidly, scarifying and weeding times are more, the ground temperature is lower in spring, the ground surface is dry in winter, rainfall is less, weeds grow slowly and farming times are less. The main contents of soil improvement in litchi orchard include deep ploughing to promote ripening, thickening soil layer and increasing organic matter.
Its purpose is to improve soil physical and chemical properties, improve fertility and create good conditions for root growth. The soil improvement method is to open an annular ditch or two flat fertilization ditches around the original planting hole. Apply farm manure 8- 10 kg, calcium superphosphate 1 kg and compound fertilizer 0.5 kg to each ditch, and then cover the soil 25-30 cm above the ground.
Intercropping and mulching
Intercropping: Young litchi orchards have large space and ground, so making full use of the land for intercropping and interplanting is conducive to achieving the goal of raising gardens by gardens, combining short-term cultivation with long-term cultivation and increasing income. Intercropping management can prevent soil erosion, inhibit weeds, prevent heat and moisture, promote microbial activities and accelerate the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties.
Covering: Covering litchi orchard can reduce direct sunlight, lower soil temperature in summer, keep warm in winter, prevent drought and keep moisture, reduce weed growth and increase soil organic matter. It is usually covered with weeds and crop straws. Tree tray? When working, avoid sticking mulch on the trunk to prevent termites and other hazards.
Plastic trimming
Pruning young litchi trees requires that young litchi trees can cultivate a trunk with a height of 30-40 cm and 3-4 evenly distributed main branches, and the planting angle is appropriate, so the pruning targets are: cross branches, over-dense branches, weak branches and flowering spikes that are not allowed to bear fruit. Pruning can be done by pruning, coring, pulling, hanging and spreading. Branches that can be cut or not can be temporarily retained in order to effectively use nutrients to expand the crown.
Cold protection and tree protection
Litchi is a subtropical fruit tree, which is warm in nature and vulnerable to cold damage when the temperature is low in winter, especially young trees, which have many branches and stop growing late. Before the cold, the branches and leaves are not fully mature, and the cold resistance is low, so it is necessary to pay attention to cold protection and tree protection. Before winter comes, cover the topsoil in the growth range of the root system with green manure and weeds to improve the ground temperature and protect the root system: use lime, sulfur mixture, vegetable oil, salt and water at a ratio of10:1:0.1:0/.
Method of increasing production
Close planting cultivation techniques. According to the different varieties and growth characteristics of litchi, some varieties, such as Feizixiao, have strong growth potential. If they can't be pruned or planted improperly after close planting, they tend to harvest early, but they have strong retraction and regeneration ability. More suitable for close planting. Some varieties with weak growth potential and slow crown formation, such as white sugar poppy, can increase the planting density in the early stage, and varieties with high light requirements, such as glutinous rice paste, cannot be planted too closely. Therefore, planting density should be determined according to different varieties and cultivation techniques.