1, liquid breast augmentation material
Liquid paraffin material for breast augmentation: 1889. Breast augmentation first started in the United States, and gersuny reported that liquid paraffin was directly injected into breast augmentation by injection. In 1930s, this method of breast augmentation was very popular, but later most patients had serious complications. For example, induration, inflammatory reaction, poor breast appearance and paraffin embolism lead to blindness or death, and there is conclusive evidence that breast cancer is also induced. Therefore, injecting liquid paraffin into breast augmentation has long been banned.
Liquid silica gel breast augmentation material: After 1940s, some people in Japan and America injected the mixture of wax and honey and liquid silica gel into breast augmentation. This method is simple to operate, but like liquid paraffin, it will cause many serious complications, and the injection is easy to spread and even lead to death, so this method has also been banned.
Ogilvy breast augmentation material: polyacrylamide hydrogel, trade name Injelfale, is a biologically inert material with porosity, elasticity, hydrophilicity, heat resistance, acid and alkali resistance and no irritation. 1987, which was first used to fill face, breast and limbs in the world. 1997 China was introduced from Ukraine with the domestic trade name Ogilvy & Mather.
In April, 2000, milanov and others reported in the Surgical Research of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences that it was safe and effective to inject pahg into breast augmentation by observing the clinical efficacy of a large number of breast augmentation applications. In 2003, wile de cassia novaes in Sweden reported that after more than 30 years of research and literature review, pahg was biocompatible, easy to use and non-migratory. Long-term persistence, natural formation. But pahg is a jelly-like water-soluble substance, and the most worrying thing is that it is easy to inject but difficult to take out. In recent years, there have been many complications after Ogilvy injection, such as displacement, pain, skin ulceration, infection and so on. In 2006, Ogilvy was still controversial because of a large number of complications and side effects in human breasts. The US Food and Drug Administration in China banned its production and sale.
2. Prosthetic breast augmentation materials
There are many kinds of breast augmentation materials with different classifications. According to the different contents of capsules, they can be divided into silica gel filling type and physiological saline filling type. According to its usage, it can be divided into injection type and implantation type. Generally, silica gel filling type is implant type, and saline filling type is injection type. According to its surface, it can be divided into glossy surface and rough surface; According to the number of capsules, it can be divided into single capsule type, double capsule type and multi-capsule type; According to its morphology, it can be divided into circular and anatomical types.
Material of artificial sponge prosthesis for breast augmentation: 195 1 year, Pangman used artificial sponge to implant breast augmentation for the first time. Firstly, the sponge is carved into the required shape and size and put into the compartment below the breast to achieve the purpose of breast augmentation. However, a large amount of fibrous tissue grew into the sponge space after operation, which made the breast hard, atrophied and deformed, and even formed a fistula, so this breast augmentation operation has now been abandoned.
Materials for breast augmentation with silicone rubber bag prosthesis: 1963, gronin used silicone rubber bag prosthesis combined with silicone rubber solution for breast augmentation, which achieved good results and promoted the popularization of breast augmentation in the world. China began to use domestic silicone prosthesis for breast augmentation on 198 1, and the effect was satisfactory. However, there are many problems in clinical application, such as fibrocyst contracture, which leads to breast deformation, stiffness and pain, especially when placed under the breast.
Silicone prosthesis: Medical silicone is usually a special polymer of high-purity dimethylsiloxane, and it is one of the materials with the least biological reaction used in medicine. Due to the high incidence of capsular contracture, prosthesis manufacturers continue to improve the manufacturing technology of prostheses. From the late 1970s to the early 1980s, this kind of prosthesis was softer and more natural, but the problem of capsular contracture still existed.
Hydrogel prosthesis: Hydrogel breast prosthesis is a mixture of hydrogels (pvp) filled in silica gel capsules, which is a non-toxic and harmless polymer. However, the material damage is still the main problem. If it is really damaged, the purpose of breast augmentation will not be achieved.
Physiological saline prosthesis: In the early 1970s, a single-cavity saline prosthesis appeared. The main reason for producing physiological saline prosthesis is that silica gel may affect the body, including immune connective tissue disease or possible carcinogenicity. Inflated saline prosthesis has the advantage of small incision, and the breast volume can be determined during operation. Later, many scholars found that the capsule contracture rate of inflatable saline prosthesis was lower than that of silicone prosthesis.
Disadvantages are liquid sensation, easy leakage, difficult to maintain breast augmentation effect, and salt water leakage will cause breast collapse, which will affect the appearance. Compared with silicone prosthesis, it has poor appearance and feel, and it is easy to produce mold in the salt sac after being placed in the human body for a long time. For the above reasons, silicone prosthesis has always been very popular.
3. Autologous fat breast augmentation material
Autologous fat is a popular breast augmentation material in the United States in the 1980s. Fat tissue in some parts of the body, such as abdomen, buttocks and thighs, is extracted by machinery or syringe, and relatively pure fat particles are obtained after cleaning, and then injected into the breast to achieve the effect of breast augmentation. But with the passage of time, its disadvantages have gradually emerged. The first problem is absorption. Because the fat particles injected into the breast can not completely establish blood circulation and survive, about 40%-60% of the fat particles are absorbed and fibrotic, so the breast augmentation effect is not lasting, and the fibrous induration formed affects the general survey of breast cancer to varying degrees, which is easy to cause misdiagnosis and mistreatment of breast cancer. So in the United States, this method of breast augmentation was basically abandoned for some time. However, with the continuous improvement of fat transplantation technology and in-depth research, especially the improvement of fat transplantation methods and instruments by Colleman, an American doctor, the effect has been significantly improved, and the complications that were originally worried have been significantly reduced. Moreover, with the progress of imaging, it is easy to distinguish between fibrosis and breast cancer after fat transplantation, so the upsurge of breast augmentation with autologous fat transplantation has begun in the United States and even the whole world. And with the development of some new technologies, such as adipose stem cells, PRP, PRF and the latest BRAVA combined with fat breast augmentation, the application of fat breast augmentation has been promoted.
Breast augmentation prosthesis material
Commonly used brands are: Xinsheng, Weining, Mantuo, Maikhan in the United States, McGonagall in the United States, es, PIP in France, Nagor in Britain, Demei in Germany, and so on.
There are many kinds of breast prostheses, including smooth silicone prosthesis, outer flap hairy double-layer prosthesis, hairy silicone prosthesis, smooth saline-filled prosthesis and hairy saline-filled prosthesis. Choose the prosthesis that suits you according to the individual's different situation. At present, the drop-shaped prosthesis of Mantuomiao peach in the United States has the best effect.