Notes for Friends in the North on a Rainy Night is a lyric quatrain written by Li Shangyin, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, to his wife (or friend) in Chang 'an and a foreign land in Bashu. It is the poet's reply to each other. The first two sentences of this poem, with questions and answers and descriptions of the immediate environment, illustrate the lonely feelings and deep nostalgia for his wife. The last two sentences imagine the joy of meeting again in the future and compare with the loneliness tonight. This poem is improvised, showing the twists and turns of the poet's feelings in an instant. The language is concise, and there is no trace of modification in the wording and sentence making. Unlike most of Li Shangyin's poems, which are rich in rhetoric, exquisite in allusions and good at symbolism, this poem is simple and natural, and also has the artistic characteristics of "deep sustenance and gentle wording".
This poem is ingenious, ups and downs, concise, concise, short-lived, and has implicit power. It has attracted countless readers for thousands of years, making people never tire of reading.
Aesthetic principles:
A Short Message to Friends in the North on a Rainy Night, selected from Li Yishan's Poems, is a famous lyric short chapter by Li Shangyin, written by a northern poet to his wife. At that time, the poet was blocked by the autumn rain and stayed in the Beijing-Pakistan area. His wife sent a letter from home asking about the date of her return. However, due to the continuous autumn rain and traffic interruption, it is impossible to determine, so reply: Jun asked that the return date is undecided. This sentence has questions and answers, ups and downs, revealing the poet's anxiety about being in a foreign land and having an uncertain return date. The poet and his wife, Mr. Wang, are deeply attached to each other and always look forward to returning to their hometown as soon as possible, sitting under the west window with his wife and chatting late into the night by candlelight. At this time, I can only miss it hard. There are only four sentences in the poem, but the scene is integrated with reality, which not only contains the reciprocating contrast of space, but also reflects the cyclic jump of time. "What to do" is the word of imagination, and imagination comes from real scenes. So the second sentence of the late rain has become an imaginary topic, and naturally it has become such a clever poem as "refusing to talk about the late rain".
Most of Li Shangyin's love poems are elegant, gorgeous, deep and tortuous. This poem, consisting of 10,000 Tang poems, is entitled "Night Rain Sends Inside". "Inside" means "my wife" and refers to my wife. The poet misses his wife on a rainy night in Bashan and is full of deep homesickness. The poet wrote his deep affection and kindness to his wife in plain language. The whole poem is ingenious, natural and smooth, ups and downs.
This is a well-known poem written by Bashu, a poet living in a distant foreign land, to his wife (or friend) in Chang 'an. Li Shangyin's love for his wife is sincere. They were married less than 12 years, and their wife died. Even in that 12 year, because the poet was wandering around, he could not get together with his wife often. As the saying goes, a little parting is better than a wedding. Li Shangyin and his wife are often separated for a long time, so they have a deeper and stronger understanding of their love and acacia. In his works, he shows the enthusiasm of "spring silkworm spinning silk" and "wax torch turning into ash", showing a unique artistic style.
This little poem is written clearly, without allusions or comparisons, and goes straight to books, landscapes and words. The affection in the scene, the blending of the scene and the infinite affection in the plain words leave endless room for aftertaste.
At the beginning of the first sentence, you directly call the other person "Jun" and draw a picture of lovesickness between husband and wife from a unique perspective: Dear wife, you must be anxious to ask me when I will return to China. So, now I tell you, I don't know when I can go home. The uniqueness of this poem lies in the poet's writing of acacia from a misplaced perspective, that is, the other party may not really write to ask about the date of return, but the poet imagines his wife's missing and asks about the date of return. China's ancient poems about lovesickness often don't directly write about how to miss each other, but how to miss himself, which euphemistically expresses the poet's feelings of missing. For example, Du Fu's Moonlit Night shows his thoughts about his wife by imagining his thoughts about himself on the moonlit night. The phrase "Jun asks if he will return soon" seems dull, but it injects the thoughts of his wife into every word, which is euphemistic, affectionate and intriguing.
"Late Rain Rising in Autumn Pond" is about the environment in which he lived at that time, that is, the scenery. The poet described a specific environment in concise language: Bashan, autumn night and pouring rain. The author gives a more specific description of this environment, not only describing the rain in the sky, but also describing the rain accumulated underground. Through the realistic scenery, people seem to feel such an atmosphere: it is dark all around, it is raining cats and dogs, the pool is full, there is no intimate friend around the author, and it is raining cats and dogs, making people feel lonely and desolate. This intermittent autumn rain makes people upset, the pool is full of feelings, and the nature author's heart is also surging. Then, the feeling of "autumn pool rising" is more than torrential autumn rain and rising pool water. Obviously, it is the emotional wave of the author's infinite yearning for his wife in sleepless nights. Therefore, there are deep feelings in the scenery, and the environment is written, but it is not just the environment. There is a word "love" between the lines. In this way, the blending of scenes constitutes an artistic realm.
This poem was written twice: "Rain at Night". The first time it was written in fact, the second time it was written in white. I dreamed of meeting my wife again, and then I recalled the scene of rain at night when "the candle was cut at the west window".
If the first two sentences are written as prospect, then the last two sentences are written as future. On the night of autumn rain, the poets touched the scene, spread their wings of imagination and expressed their love with rich natural associations. The poet chose two modes here: one is the dynamic scissors, and the other is the confirmation of pronunciation. "* * * Cut the candle at the west window" depicts a beautiful picture of a beautiful night in detail and infinitely, and the word "* * *" describes the intimate mode. However, the word "He Dang" pushed the beautiful scenery described by the poet into the distance and into the void. This beautiful scenery turned out to be nothing more than the poet's yearning for it. As for when to return to my gentle hometown, everything is "irregular". This is a cruel thing and a helpless thing. This sentence is full of emotion, but it does not contain a word "emotion", which is very implicit.
Expressing affection is nothing more than language, "words must be done", and the poet imagines that husband and wife get together, talk by candlelight and communicate with each other. "Refusing to talk" is a retrospective memory. The poet imagines that time at this time, and then he is talking about this time, talking about the feelings of missing when the rain is there at night. The word "late rain" appears in two places in this short four-sentence poem, which is extremely rare in ordinary ancient poetry.
Image, delicacy, implication and profundity are the artistic features of this poem.
Brief introduction of the author
Li Shangyin (about 8 12 or 8 13 ~ about 858), alias: Zi Yishan,No. Yuxi Sheng, Fan Nansheng, a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, cousin of Du Mu and cousin of Du Yun, the king of Chu. He lost his father when he was young, and studied classics and articles with his uncle. 16 years old became famous for his ancient prose. He became a scholar for two years, and worked as a secretary, a provincial school bookkeeper, a county magistrate of Hongnong County, and a short-term salt pusher. His ancestral home was in Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang City, Henan Province), and his ancestors moved to Xingyang (now Zhengzhou City, Henan Province). He is good at parallel prose writing, and his poems also have high literary value. He and Du Mu are called "Little Du Li" and Wen is called "Wen Li". Because his poems and essays are similar to those of the same period, and all three of them rank sixteenth in the family, they are also called "Thirty-six Style". His poems are novel in conception and rich in style, especially some love poems are lingering and memorable. But it is too obscure to be solved, and there is even a saying that "poets always love Quincy and wish that no one could write about Jian Zheng". Caught in the struggle between Niu and Li, I was frustrated all my life. After his death, he was buried in his hometown of Qinyang (now the junction of Qinyang and Aibo County). According to New Tang Book, there are 20 volumes of Fan Nanjia Collection, 20 volumes of Fan Nanyi Collection, 3 volumes of Western Henan, Fu 1 volume, Wen 1 volume, and some works have been lost. Li Shangyin has made outstanding achievements in art, among which the seven laws are the highest, and there are many famous articles and epigrams in other five-character quatrains, seven-character ancient poems and five-character ancient poems. His poems emphasize artistic conception, implicit, affectionate, subtle and tortuous, with deep sustenance, gorgeous and beautiful, and the essence is all in it; Be good at using historical allusions and myths and legends, and form colorful artistic images through imagination, association and symbol; His Bi Xing adopts the method of the Book of Songs, and Beauty Vanilla imitates Li Sao, which is profound and profound, and its beautiful imagination and language directly benefit from Li He. If Li He's poems emphasize imagination, Li Shangyin's poems are more important than symbols.
Li Shangyin once claimed to belong to the same clan as the royal family in the Tang Dynasty. Zhang Caitian's textual research confirmed that he was a distant imperial clan in the Tang Dynasty. But there is no official document to prove this, so it can be considered that this blood relationship between Li Shangyin and the royal family in the Tang Dynasty is quite distant. Li Shangyin affirmed his imperial clan status several times in his poems, but this did not bring him any practical benefits.
Li Shangyin's family can be traced back to his great-grandfather Li She. The highest administrative post that Li She once held was Meiyuan county magistrate; Great-great-grandfather Li Shuheng (uncle) is an Anyang county commandant. Grandfather Li Biao, a former Xingzhou document, joined the army; His father, Reese, was once an imperial adviser in the temple. When Li Shangyin was born, Li Siren was ordered by Jia County. (now Huojia County, Xinxiang City, Henan Province)
Li Shangyin's poems were very popular in the early Song Dynasty. "Kunxi style" imitated the allusions of Yishan poetry, and later became Kunxi poetry school. However, it only learned rhetoric mechanically, but could not get the essence of Yishan's poetry.
Li Shangyin's poems satirize the present through the ancient times without scruple. For example, two poems in "Ma Su" point directly at the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, saying that "the emperor of the four seasons is not as good as Lu", and such courage of "riding on" is rare in the politically enlightened Tang Dynasty. Poems in Northern Qi, such as "Looking ahead to the sages' country, being defeated by thrift and extravagance" and "I'm sorry for my poor health, but I've reported Zhou Shi as Jinyang", are direct criticisms and allegories of Tang Jingzong's extravagant style; Jia Sheng, a famous article, said, "Looking for a wise man to visit courtiers in the middle of the night, Jia Sheng was even more incoherent. Poor midnight is unprecedented, and Mo Wen people ask ghosts and gods. "He rebuked the emperor of the late Tang Dynasty for his absurd behavior of seeking immortals to visit Taoism and make an alchemist in order to achieve the goal of immortality, and thus he missed the country. "Hundred Rhymes in the Western Suburb" truly describes the poverty of the people after three years of war and drought after the Ganlu Revolution, traces back to a series of major changes in the country in the past 100 years, and seeks a political way out from the comparison between the past and the present, worrying about the country and the people, which is quite meaningful for Fu's Northern Expedition.
Li Shangyin's love poems have achieved great success. There are more than ten untitled poems, and there are also more than ten poems with the previous two words as their titles, such as Jinse, Bi Cheng and Wei You. There are also a few poems that seem to be titled, but they are all about lingering love, fantasy and sadness: "Time was far before I met her, but it was longer after we parted, and the east wind rose and a hundred flowers blossomed"; " If angels don't bring their lovers into the room, what life will they have except dreams? "; " Storms make nuts fascinating, and the moon dew makes cinnamon leaves sweet. "But I can't reach the magic mountain, and you are over there, 10 thousand peaks away." It never stops. Even this bright flame of love will only have ashes? ".
His "Jinse" is rich in words, easy to understand literally and profound in content, and has always been praised as "a Jinse can solve people's difficulties". In addition, "Su E, a young woman, is hardy and fights frost in the middle of the month" ("Frost Moon"); "God pities grass, and there is sunshine on earth" (Yixian); "Chang 'e should regret stealing the elixir, the sky is high and the clouds are light at night" ("Chang 'e") also gives a deep impression.
Like Li He, Li Shangyin is also good at writing dreams. Life is like a dream, dreams are like life. In Li Shangyin's poems, these two realms complement each other, and through dreams, we can find relief from the painful life and find a bright, beautiful and happy life. For example, "I am a colored pen in my dream, and I want to send flowers and leaves to the clouds" ("Peony"); "Ten-year-old dreams of picking flowers" ("East Return") and so on.
Li Shangyin's poems are of course wonderful flowers in the poetry garden, and his prose is also unique. His poems are sincere and tortuous, but his prose is steep and firm, unique and sharp, refuting secular prejudices and expressing his thoughts directly; This chapter is beautiful and fair, full of talent and foresight, not limited by style, good at expression and expression, which has a great influence on later generations and is regarded as the golden rule of CET-4 and CET-6 essays.
The Complete Works of Li Shangyin consists of three volumes of Notes on Yu Xi Sheng's Poems in Qing Dynasty, eight volumes of Fan Nan Wen Ji, and twelve volumes of Fan Nan Wen Ji Supplement by Qian Zhenlun and Qian Zhenchang, with some deletions. The content is substantial, the price is low, and Li He's poems are attached at the end of the book, which is suitable for having a certain foundation in ancient China literature and loving the late Tang Dynasty.
Other works include Fan Nanjia Collection, Fan Nanyi Collection, Yuxi Sheng, Fu and Wen.