1, pruning time. After defoliation, it is the pruning period in winter, and apples are in the growth stagnation period in winter. At this time, pruning is the main period of apple shaping, because it is weak and has good regeneration effect. However, pruning also varies from tree to tree. Pruning in winter can be divided into three types according to tree age: adult trees, early fruit trees and young trees.
2. Observe the tree before cutting: observe the variety characteristics, tree vigor, flower bud and pruning reaction. For the diseases and pests that overwinter in trees, combined with winter shears, all branches of diseases and pests are cut off, burned or buried deeply, and the whole garden is sprayed with fungicides for disinfection, which can obviously reduce the harm in the coming year.
A large number of overwintering bacteria and pests often lurk in the gaps between the thick old bark and trunk of fruit trees. Scraping rough bark and burying the scraped bark deeply have a good control effect on many kinds of pests and diseases, and even can completely eliminate some pests.
3, winter scissors to master the "temperature"
Apple tree pruning in winter affects the yield and quality of the next year to some extent. Therefore, it is particularly important to master the "temperature" of apple tree pruning in winter.
The pruning of young trees must correct the tendency of all branches to spread out, and long branches, upright branches on the back, overlapping branches and branches with excessive competition must be thinned out.
At present, there are quite a few apple trees in production, which have too many big branches, too dense crowns, and the angle of main branches is not open, resulting in poor results. When pruning in winter, if there are too many main branches and the branches at the door are too large, they should be pruned because of the garden. According to the requirements of the tree, the extra big branches should be cut off in a planned way year by year.
Extended data:
Late autumn and early winter are the best time to prune apple trees every year. At this time, it is still the stage of monthly fertilization. It is best to choose water-soluble fertilizer and microbial agent as monthly fertilizer to ensure the nutrient demand of apple trees during their growth.
Microbial inoculum+amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is a widely used product in base fertilizer at present. It can improve soil, increase the growth speed of root system and improve the transport speed of nutrients.