In the 13th year of Emperor Wendi (BC 167), after saving his father by writing, Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty wrote to abolish corporal punishment and replace it with other punishments. Among them, when the flogging was changed to 300, when his left toe was cut off, it was changed to 500. But 300 or 500 can mostly kill people, more than the original. So Liu Qi, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, wrote in the first year of the former Yuan Dynasty (BC 156) that using rattan was tantamount to capital punishment. Even if he is not dead, he will be severely disabled. Therefore, he changed Wendy's rules, 500 to 300, 300 to 200. In doing so, many prisoners were still killed. In the first year of the Central Plains (BC 144), Emperor Jingdi issued an imperial edict, which changed the rice quantity from 300 liang to 200 liang, and reduced it from 200 liang to 100 liang, and formulated an "imperial edict". A pestle is an instrument of torture used as a crutch. It was stipulated at that time that the pestle was five feet long and made of bamboo. The big head is one inch in diameter and the small head is half an inch. When executing, you should flatten the bamboo joints and whip your hips. From then on, according to this rule, the punished prisoners can save their lives. After the Han Dynasty, the punishment of whipping staff was chaotic and disorganized. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, some dynasties used whipping, or flogging, because the whipping rod was too light. Since the Sui Dynasty, it has been officially separated from the punishment of whipping, and all of them have been listed as one of the five punishments (namely, slap, stick, imprisonment, exile and death penalty), among which slap is the lightest punishment, and the punishment of whipping is slightly heavier than slap, and the number of sticks, the size of instruments of torture, the parts to be punished and the time limit for sentencing are clearly defined. As for the number of flogging, Sui, Tang, Song, Jin and even Ming and Qing dynasties all designated flogging as five grades, ranging from ten strokes to fifty strokes, with one grade added for every ten strokes. The punishment for whipping varies from 60 to 100, and it is aggravated for every ten strokes. The punishment in Liao Dynasty was heavier, and there was no flogging. There are six levels of stick punishment, 50 to 300, and one level is added every 50 times. The number of strokes with sticks in Yuan Dynasty is quite special. There are six levels of flogging, from level seven to level fifty-seven, with one level for every ten strokes and one level for every ten strokes. This figure was stipulated by Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu. His original intention was to reduce the punishment. For the number of "spare him, spare him, and I will spare him" stipulated in the Song Dynasty, each class was reduced by three times. In fact, in the Yuan Dynasty, flogging was increased by one level, from five to six. As a result, except for the lowest flogging, every equivalent value in the future has increased seven times compared with that in the Song Dynasty. Therefore, during Yuan Dade's reign, Wang Shangshu, the minister of punishment, said: At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was stipulated that the number of employees should be reduced from ten to seven, and the number of employees should be reduced to forty-seven, and there should be no more 57 products; Whipping should range from 57 to 97 and should not exceed 107. But Wang Yue's opinion was adopted, so the criminal law was always adopted at the end of Yuan Dynasty. The regulations on the size and location of instruments of torture vary from generation to generation. In the Han dynasty, regardless of the staff, they were all called pestles, and the size was as mentioned above. Bamboo slips used in the Jin dynasty followed the Han system: the walking stick was a living tree, six feet long, with a big head surrounded by an inch and a small head with three and a half sections. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the staff was also made of raw thorns, which was six feet long and divided into three types: big staff, staves and small staff. The big stick is one inch and three points, and the small head is eight and a half; The staff has a big head of one inch and three points and a small head of five points; The stick is about an inch, with a small head and a sharp tip. There are three kinds of sticks in the Northern Wei Dynasty, that is, the sticks used for interrogating prisoners are three points in diameter, the sticks used for prisoners' backs are two points in diameter and the sticks used for legs are one point in diameter. There are two kinds of sticks in the Northern Qi Dynasty, one is four feet long, the big head is three points in diameter, the small head is two points in diameter, the other is two and a half points in diameter, and the small head is one and a half points. He was hit in the hip when he was executed, and it is stipulated that no one can be replaced when he is executed. The Sui Dynasty overused sticks, and there was no fixed size. In the Tang Dynasty, the walking stick and the walking stick were separated, both three feet and five inches long. The diameter of the big head of the reed is two points, and the small head is one and a half points. There are two kinds of sticks: one is called a prison stick, with a big head two-thirds in diameter and a small head two-thirds; The other is called crutches, with a big head diameter of two minutes and seven centimeters and a small head diameter of seven centimeters. When using punishment, hit it on the back, ass and leg respectively. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, the number of official staff stipulated by Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin was determined in the fifth year of Zhou Xiande (958). This staff is three feet and five inches long, the width of the big head should not exceed two inches, and the thickness and width of the small head should not exceed nine points. In the sixth year of Song Renzong Tiansheng (1028), Nie, a captain of Jixian County, wrote that since the staff system was stipulated, the length and width of the staff have been measured, but the weight of the staff is not uniform. Some officials have specially made heavy sticks and increased the punishment, so they have to make regulations. Zhao Zhen, Emperor Injong, adopted his suggestion and issued a decree stipulating that the weight of official staff should not exceed 15 Liang. The size of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties was uncertain, but it was stipulated that the diameter of the stick should not exceed five points of gold. The cudgel punishment system in the Ming Dynasty was inherited from the Tang system, with a slight change. There are three kinds of sticks, sticks and sticks, all three feet and five inches long. Well, the big head is 2.7 cm in diameter and the small head is 1.7 cm. Staff, two-thirds in diameter with big head and two-thirds in diameter with small head; Information officer, the big head is four and a half centimeters in diameter and the small head is three and a half centimeters. Walking sticks and rattan are made of bauhinia strips, which are hit on the ass during execution; The cudgel is made of bauhinia wood, and it hits the buttocks or legs during execution. Gaps, sticks, information sticks, etc. used by local governments should be compared and checked with the styles of instruments of torture issued by the Ministry of Punishment, and can only be used if the dimensions meet the requirements. That kind of torture device is made of copper and is under the unified management of the punishments department. In the Ming Dynasty, it was also stipulated that when making shackles, sticks and other instruments of torture, nails should not be nailed on sticks with animal tendons or leather glue. The walking stick used by the Qing government began to follow the regulations of the Ming Dynasty, and later it should be a bamboo board with a big head two inches wide and a small head one inch wide. It is difficult to find out when this kind of bamboo board came into use. The regulations of the above generations on the dimensions of instruments of torture were based on the standards of weights and measures at that time and the standards of various generations respectively.