① Dermatitis and eczema; Such as radiation dermatitis, allergic dermatitis, solar dermatitis, contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, insect bite dermatitis, neurodermatitis and sandy dermatitis; Eczema, herpetic dermatitis, perioral dermatitis, siltation dermatitis, rice field dermatitis, drug dermatitis, cosmetic dermatitis.
② Virus infection: various warts; Herpes zoster, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, measles, infectious erythema, papular acrodermatitis in children, Kaposi's chickenpox-like rash, rubella, acute rash in children,,;
③ Pigment changes and spot nevus:
Pigmented dermatoses, such as tinea versicolor (sweat spot), pityriasis albiflora, vitiligo, albinism, pigmentation, etc.
Freckle, purpura, sunspot, spider nevus, chloasma, erythema multiforme (cat's eye sore), erythema caused by heat, pigmented nevus, nevus OTA, senile plaque, halo nevus, leukoplakia mucosa;
④ Fungal infection: tinea, onychomycosis (onychomycosis), tinea manuum (Liriodendron chinense), tinea felis, tinea pedis, tinea peach, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, mycosis, tinea capitis, tinea corporis (tinea cruris), tinea pedis, tinea imbricata and candidiasis.
⑤ Skin tumor: skin hemangioma, squamous cell carcinoma, common benign tumor of skin, senile wart, neurofibroma, epidermal nevus, squamous epithelial carcinoma of skin, skin horn, hair epithelioma, sebaceous adenoma, acanthoma blackhead, syringoma, dermatofibroma, hemangioma, leiomyoma, metastatic tumor of skin, alcohol nevus, lymphangioma, cutaneous osteoma, malignant melanoma, malignant freckle nevus, etc.
⑥ Parasites, insects and animal skin diseases: cutaneous leishmaniasis, cutaneous amoebiasis, cutaneous echinococcosis, schistosomiasis, cutaneous paragonimiasis, hookworm dermatitis, centipede bite, spider sting, lice disease, poisonous fish sting, poisonous snake bite, flea bite, tick sting, crawling rash, cutaneous filariasis, bee sting, etc.
⑦ Hair and nails: hirsutism, baldness, seborrheic alopecia, bromhidrosis, seborrheic alopecia, alopecia areata, senile white hair, nervous leucorrhea increase, alopecia areata, folliculitis in funnel, abscess penetrating head folliculitis, deck malnutrition, nail depression, longitudinal crack of deck, nail splitting, brittle nail, horizontal nail nail, onychomycosis, etc.
(8) Hereditary dermatoses: pigmentary incontinence, pityriasis (ichthyosis).
⑨ Others: rosacea, acne, multiple boils, desquamation of hands and feet, senile pruritus, pruritus gravidarum, Kawasaki disease (acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome), foot fungus swelling, anhidrosis, pruritus in summer, calluses, chilblains, polymorphic solar rash, etc.
General treatment of skin diseases:
1. For patients who are generally in good health, have no systemic symptoms, move freely and take care of themselves, they can carry out cultural and sports activities appropriately and learn the common sense of nursing about diseases.
2. Generally, patients with skin diseases have a normal diet, and fasting makes the skin diseases develop or worsen. For example, allergic skin diseases need to fast seafood, eggs and other foods; Neurodermatitis, itching, etc. It is forbidden to drink strong tea, wine and spicy food; Avoid the sun, avoid eating Chinese milk vetch, rape, snail, etc. Glutamine foods are prohibited in herpetic dermatitis.
3. Patients with itching symptoms should be advised not to scratch skin lesions, try to avoid scratching and scalding with hot soapy water, and let patients trim their nails twice a week. When itching seriously affects patients' sleep and mood, antihistamines or sedatives should be given as appropriate.
4. Patients with skin injuries such as exudation, desquamation and scabbing need a lot of external medication, which is often easy to pollute clothes and bedding. Change the bed and clothes in time to make the patient comfortable.
5. Allergic patients, ward to avoid placing flowers, avoid contact with allergens.
6. The beds of patients with photosensitive dermatitis and systemic lupus erythematosus should not be arranged by the window to avoid direct sunlight, otherwise it will easily worsen the condition.
7. If skin diseases are local manifestations of systemic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, pemphigus, drug dermatitis, skin tumors, etc. In addition to the general care of skin diseases, we should also follow the routine care of internal medicine to prevent complications.
8. Patients with large-area skin lesions should pay attention to aseptic operation, room temperature and warmth during dressing change to prevent complications, and at the same time master the dose concentration to avoid systemic wet compress or wet compress for too long, resulting in drug absorption poisoning.
9. Pay attention to cleaning the wound before dressing change, which is beneficial to drug absorption and wound healing. Patients with suppurative infection were washed and soaked with 1: 5000 potassium permanganate solution; Raw powder can be cleaned with warm water; Paste can be wiped off with paraffin oil; Mouth, eyes and nostrils can be cleaned with 3% boric acid solution; External auditory canal secretions can be cleaned with hydrogen peroxide for a long time. Pay attention to the patient's warm work and comfort after dressing change, at the same time, burn or specially treat the dirt removed from dressing change, and strictly disinfect the instruments. In addition to the above requirements, patients with infectious skin diseases should undergo bedside isolation nursing.
10. The instruments and dressings used by patients with sexually transmitted diseases and other infectious diseases should be disinfected first, then cleaned, and finally autoclaved. Instruments and articles used by patients in general surgery should be cleaned and disinfected in time for later use.
Dermatology western medicine:
1, dermatological drugs for internal use
(1) Antibacterials
(2) Antiepileptic drugs
(3) Antiviral drugs
(4) Antifungal drugs
(5) antimalarial drugs
(6) antihistamines
(7) hormones
(8) Immunoenhancer
(9) Immunosuppressants
(10) vitamin drugs
(1 1) potassium iodide therapy
(12) block therapy
(13) desensitization therapy
2. Topical drugs for skin diseases
(1) cleaner
(2) Protective agent
(3) antipruritic agent
(4) Antibacterial agents
(5) Antifungal drugs
(6) Antiviral agents
(7) Insecticide
(8) Keratinizer Accelerator
(9) Keratin dissolving agent
(10) astringent
(1 1) etchant
(12) antineoplastic agent
(13) Sunscreen
(14) bleach
(15) glucocorticoid for external use
Treatment of dermatosis by external therapy of traditional Chinese medicine;
(1) medicine line method
(2) cupping therapy
(3) Combustion method
(4) fumigation
(5) Ironing method
(6) Hot baking therapy
(7) Needle roller therapy
(8) Acupuncture therapy
(9) Acupoint injection therapy
(10) fax therapy
(1 1) Fire acupuncture therapy
(12) Acupoint Therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine
(13) medicated bath therapy
Dermatological physiotherapy
(1) ultraviolet therapy
(2) Photochemical therapy
(3) infrared therapy
(4) Microwave therapy
(5) Audio electrotherapy
(6) electrocautery therapy
(7) high frequency electrotome therapy
(8) ion spraying
(9) Shallow X-ray therapy
(10) Cryotherapy
(1 1) laser therapy
First look for a doctor to see what skin disease it is, and then listen to the doctor.
Many patients with skin diseases will ask doctors if they need to avoid eating. Indeed, there are many skin diseases in clinic that need dietary adjustment. Such as eczema, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, neurodermatitis, psoriasis, pityriasis rosea, lichen planus, erythroderma, seborrheic dermatitis and other common frequently-occurring diseases, the incidence of which is closely related to diet, and the illness can be aggravated by eating irritating food or hair. Therefore, for those patients with food allergy, fish, shrimp, crab, sheep and other fishy hair should be restricted or fasted during the onset or after the disease is cured.
Most skin diseases have rashes. The rash has come out, and some foods are foreign proteins with hair. When this special protein is absorbed by human body, it will cause allergic reaction and damage the skin. Therefore, people with skin diseases should abstain from irritating food during taking medicine or for a long time after treatment. Otherwise, even if the skin disease is in a stable period, it will recur.
Some skin diseases, such as urticaria, neurodermatitis, pruritus, eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, allergic dermatitis and rosacea, are closely related to certain foods. During the onset or after a period of cure, fishy hair such as fish, shrimp and crab, as well as poultry food and irritating food such as onion, garlic and pepper should be restricted or fasted. Some skin diseases, such as scabies, tinea corporis, vitiligo, etc. Don't be afraid because they have nothing to do with diet.
But some patients are allergic to only one or two kinds of food, so don't go too far within the scope of taboo food. Patients can record the kind and time of food they eat, and the time when symptoms appear. If it appears 12 ~ 24 hours after eating, it is allergic food. In this way, taboos are targeted and the scope of taboos is narrowed. In daily life, it is very common for some people to avoid all so-called hair care products, no matter what kind of skin diseases they suffer from or what kind of food they are allergic to. Therefore, malnutrition affects health. Even people with skin diseases don't always avoid taboo food. After the general skin disease has stabilized for a period of time, you can try to eat allergic food, starting from a small amount, and gradually increasing the amount and frequency if there is no special reaction. After repeated desensitization, some people can no longer have allergic reactions to the original allergic food.