Pucheng pear
Pucheng is located in the northernmost part of Shaanxi Province, China, at the junction of Sulu, Shanxi and Gansu provinces, and is adjacent to the famous Pucheng in the east. National Highway 3 10 of Longhai Railway runs through the whole territory, crosses Huolian expressway and crosses the ancient Yellow River Road. It is the only channel connecting Eurasia Continental Bridge, a national ecological demonstration county, and the largest fruit orchard in the world, with a fruit area of 800,000 mu. Among them, the output of "Gong Li" reached 400,000 tons, so Pucheng was known as "Pear Capital". My Greenland Gong Li Sales Center is located in Pucheng, the birthplace of Gong Li, with a planting history of 2500 years. "The fruits are big and small, the juice is crispy and sweet, and Huang Liang is a good product. It is famous at home and abroad for its effects of quenching thirst, moistening the lungs, relieving cough, clearing away heat and detoxifying; In 2003, China made great contributions to the prevention and treatment of SARS. Because of its medicinal value, Dangshan crisp pear was snapped up all over the country. Raw food can clear the heat of five houses, and hot food can nourish the yin of five internal organs. Therefore, it has been called "manna in fruit and sage in medicine" by doctors of past dynasties, and it has been favored by consumers for thousands of years. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was listed as a special tribute to the imperial palace! Because of the small quantity and good quality at that time, it was difficult for ordinary people to taste it. At that time, there was a folk song: "A bite of tribute pear is better than a flat peach party", which shows the value of tribute pear in Pucheng. Therefore, the tribute pear produced by green soil is called crisp pear. Since the founding of New China, China's top leaders and foreign friends have visited the Party successively, and they all spoke highly of it. Since 1985, crisp pear has won the gold medal in the International Agricultural Fair for many times. Since 1995, our Gongzi pear has passed the appraisal of China Green Food Development Center and obtained the green food mark, so its products are exported to Southeast Asian countries such as the United States and Austria.
Pucheng introduced and cultivated the famous Dangshan crisp pear variety. It has the characteristics of smooth appearance and crystal-clear and refreshing pulp. It not only won many awards with these excellent characteristics, but also promoted the economic development of Pucheng, a veritable hometown of crisp pears in China.
The rapid development of Pucheng fruit industry has led to the rise of supporting industries. More than 4,000 fruit warehouses in the county are scattered in orchards, villages and towns, and 35 high-standard modified atmosphere cold storages are arranged on both sides of Wei Qing and Xiyu highways, with a total storage capacity of hundreds of millions of kilograms, which can be purchased locally, stored locally and shipped in batches. There are more than 50 carton factories with an output of 20 million sets; There are more than 80 foam net and bagging factories and more than 30 fruit processing enterprises, with a fruit processing capacity of thousands of tons.
Pucheng fruit farmers have traditional fruit tree cultivation techniques in Pucheng. In recent years, they have adopted a series of new techniques such as formula fertilization, infiltration irrigation and fruit bagging, which make Pucheng crisp pear not only have excellent sweet, crisp and crisp texture, but also have a smooth and translucent appearance, which is very popular among consumers.
Pucheng is surrounded by mountains and faces Luoshui in the south. There are rolling mountains, plain rivers, criss-crossing gullies and magnificent loess layers.
760,000 industrious people cultivated 6.5438+0.68 million mu of land, including 478,000 mu of olive and 6.5438+0.8 million mu of crisp pear, which not only became the largest olive base in China, but also became a veritable hometown of crisp pear in China. Its fruit is regular in shape, large and crisp, golden in color, sweet and juicy, and has excellent palatability. "One mouthful and one hand" is the true evaluation of Pucheng crisp pear by Chinese and foreign merchants. Pucheng Crispy Pear won the Shaanxi Provincial High-quality Agricultural Products Award and the China Kunming Science and Technology Expo Gold Award successively. Pucheng Pear won the "Houji Gold Award" at the first China Yangling Agricultural Science and Technology Expo.
Three railways in the county run through all parts of the country, and the "green passage" is unimpeded for 24 hours. The villages and towns in the fruit areas of the county have realized the access to oil roads by village groups and the program-controlled telephones have entered the villages and households. This year, the county party committee and the county government have formulated preferential policies for fruit circulation, and set up 100 fruit sales reception stations throughout the county. The fruit transport vehicle has a green light all the way to Puyi, and the fruit merchants work in one hall. At the same time, there are 24 direct sales windows in Shenzhen, Kunming, Nanning and Guangdong.
Pucheng Pear Production Area is the administrative area under the jurisdiction of pucheng county, Shaanxi Province.
I. Contingency
Pak Lei department.
Second, the site conditions
Within the range of origin, the altitude is 370m to 1280m, the soil quality is _ soil and loess, the soil layer thickness is ≥60cm, the groundwater level is below 1m, the soil organic matter content is 10 to 15g/kg, the soil pH value is 5.5 to 8.5, and the soil salt content is ≤
Third, cultivation management.
1. Seedling propagation: Grafting propagation is carried out with Duli pear as rootstock, and the planting time is spring or autumn every year.
2. Planting density: ≤ 1260 plants/hectare, and the proportion of pollinated trees ≤ 1/4.
3. Shaping and pruning: according to the planting density, choose the appropriate tree shape, such as: small crown shape, free spindle shape, happy inverted herringbone shape and so on. Winter pruning is combined with summer pruning to ensure ventilation and light transmission of trees.
4. Fertilizer and water management: give priority to organic fertilizer and apply inorganic fertilizer reasonably. Therefore, not less than 30 tons of decomposed organic farmyard manure should be applied to each hectare of trees. Do irrigation in time.
5. Flower and fruit management:
(1) Pollination at flowering stage: the combination of bee release in orchard and artificial pollination is adopted to promote fruit setting.
(2) Reasonable load: flowers and fruits should be thinned manually, and the yield per hectare should be controlled below 60 tons.
(3) Fruit bagging: bagging begins 35-40 days after flowering and is completed within 50 days after flowering.
6. Environmental and safety requirements: The use of pesticides and fertilizers must comply with the relevant provisions of the state and must not pollute the environment.
Fourth, fruit harvesting.
In mid-September, fruits will be harvested when the soluble solid content is ≥ 1 1.0%.
The quality characteristics of verbs (abbreviation of verb)
1. Sensory characteristics: the shape of the fruit is regular, nearly cylindrical, with yellow-green skin (bagged fruit is yellow and white), smooth fruit surface, small and dense fruit points, thin skin, white flesh, crisp and fragrant meat, rich juice, sweet taste and large and small fruit.
2. Physico-chemical indexes: fruit transverse diameter ≥70mm, soluble solid content ≥ 1 1.0%, fruit hardness 4.5-6.0kg/cm2.